Geoffrey Keith Pullum (/ˈpʊləm/; born 8 March 1945) is a British and American linguist specialising in the study of English. Pullum has published over 300 articles and books on various topics in linguistics, including phonology, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, computational linguistics, and philosophy of language. He is Professor Emeritus of General Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh.[1]
Pullum is a co-author of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (2002),[2] a comprehensive descriptive grammar of English. He was co-founder of Language Log and a contributor to Lingua Franca at The Chronicle of Higher Education, often criticizing prescriptive rules and linguistic myths.
Geoffrey K. Pullum was born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, on 8 March 1945, and moved to West Wickham, England, while very young.
He left secondary school at age 16 and toured Germany as a pianist in the rock and roll band Sonny Stewart and the Dynamos. A year and a half later, he returned to England and co-founded a soul band with Pete Gage, which became Geno Washington & the Ram Jam Band when Geno Washington joined.[3] Pullum went by the name of Jeff Wright.[4] The group had two of the biggest selling UK albums of the 1960s, both of which were live albums.[3] Their most commercially successful album, Hand Clappin, Foot Stompin, Funky-Butt ... Live!, was in the UK Albums Chart for 38 weeks in 1966 and 1967, peaking at number 5. The other album was Hipster Flipsters Finger Poppin' Daddies, which reached number 8 on the same chart.[5] The singles included "Water", "Hi Hi Hazel", "Que Sera Sera" and "Michael (the Lover)".[6]
After the band broke up, Pullum enrolled in the University of York in 1968, graduating in 1972 with a Bachelor of Arts with first class honours. In 1976 he completed a PhD in Linguistics at University College London, where his thesis supervisor was Neil Smith.[7]
Pullum's work in the 1970s with Desmond Derbyshire, for whom he was the primary doctoral supervisor, established the existence of object-initial languages.[8]
Pullum left Britain in 1980, taking visiting positions at the University of Washington and Stanford University. He contributed significantly to the development of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar.[9] In 1983, he and Arnold Zwicky showed that n't is a negative inflectional morpheme, and not simply a contraction of not.[10]
In 1987, he became a United States citizen. He worked at the University of California, Santa Cruz, from 1981 to 2007.[11] He was Dean of Graduate Studies and Research from 1987 to 1993.[12] From 1983 to 1989, he wrote the regular "Topic Comment" pieces in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory.
In 1995, Pullum started to collaborate with Rodney Huddleston and other linguists on The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language,[13] which was published in 2002 and won the Leonard Bloomfield Book Award of the Linguistic Society of America in 2004.[14]
From 1998 until 2002, he produced 10 "Lingua Franca" talks for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.[15] In 2000, he published, in the style of Dr. Seuss, a proof of Turing's theorem that the halting problem is recursively unsolvable.[16] In 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[17] In 2004, Barbara Scholz, Pullum, and James Rogers initiated a group project on the applications of model theory in syntax, which was supported by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University in 2005–2006.[18]
In 2007, he moved to the School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, where he was Professor of General Linguistics and at one time Head of Linguistics and English Language.[12] In 2009 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy,[19] and, in 2019, a Member of Academia Europaea.[12] He became emeritus professor in 2020.[20]
Pullum argues against the view, broadly held in linguistics, that languages are scientific objects of study.[21]
It seems to me that the notion of 'a language' should not be regarded as scientifically reconstructable at all. We can say in very broad terms that a human language is a characteristic way of structuring expressions shared by a speech community; but that is extremely vague, and has to remain so. The vagueness is ineliminable, and unproblematic. Human languages are no more scientifically definable than human cultures, ethnic groups, or cities. The most we can say about what it means to say of a person that they speak Japanese is that the person knows, at least to some approximation, how to structure linguistic expressions in the Japanese way (with object before verb, and postpositions, and so on). But in scientific terms there is no such object as 'Japanese'.[22]
He also argues that we do not and cannot know whether human languages consist of a finite set of sentences.[23] Pullum advocates for a model-theoretic approach to grammar rather than a generative one.[22] This perspective emphasizes understanding the formal properties of languages, focusing on the relationship between structures and their interpretations, rather than rules that generate those structures. In other words, model-theoretic grammars aim to describe the possible structures in a language, rather than focusing on the process of generating sentences.
Pullum's grammatical frameworks, such as that in The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, have been monotonic phrase-structure grammars, similar to X-bar theory but with explicit notation for syntactic functions such as subject, modifier, and complement.[24] Monotonic phrase-structure grammars are based on the idea that the structure of sentences can be represented as a hierarchy of constituents, with each level of the hierarchy corresponding to a different level of grammatical organization. X-bar theory is a specific type of phrase-structure grammar that posits a uniform structure for all phrasal categories, with each phrase containing a "head" and optional specifier and/or complement.
The key difference between monotonic phrase-structure grammars and generative grammars like transformational-generative grammar (TGG) is the absence of transformations or movement operations in the former. Monotonic grammars maintain that the structure of a sentence remains fixed from its initial formation, whereas generative grammars propose that sentences can undergo various transformations during the derivation process.
Pullum argues that the traditional notion of a noun phrase is correct, and that the so-called DP hypothesis is mistaken.[25] He believes that some kind of fusion of functions accounts for some of the data leading to the disagreement.[26]
Pullum has been a long-time critic of Noam Chomsky, whom he accuses of mendacity, plagiarism, and general academic dishonesty.[27] He has attacked the argument from the poverty of the stimulus in multiple publications.[28][29][30] He has called Chomsky's Minimalist Program "really just a repertoire of hints, suggestions, and buzzwords", has said that concepts such as Deep Structure and Recursion have "come to nothing", called Chomsky's idea that language arose as a result of a genetic mutation "utterly eccentric", and regretted that Chomsky "turned the discipline of syntactic theory into a personality cult".[27]
Pullum has coined or prompted the coining of a number of terms that have come to be popularly used including eggcorn, snowclone, and linguification.[31]
Husein SastranegaraInformasi pribadiLahir(1919-01-20)20 Januari 1919Cianjur, Hindia BelandaMeninggal26 September 1946Yogyakarta, IndonesiaSuami/istriKoriyati MangkuratmajaOrang tuaDemang Ishak Sastranegara (ayah)Katjih Lasminingroem (ibu)Karier militerPihakIndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan UdaraMasa dinas1941—1946Pangkat Opsir Udara ISatuanKorps PenerbangSunting kotak info • L • B Opsir Udara I (Anumerta) Husein Sastranegara (20 Januari 1919 – 26 September 1…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Artikel ini bukan mengenai David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons. SirDavid Salomons1st BaronetAngota Parlemen untuk GreenwichMasa jabatan1851–1852Menjabat bersama J. W. Deans Dundas dan H. StewartPendahuluEdward George Barnard James Whitley Dean…
مجلاو تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب الجهة طنجة تطوان الحسيمة الإقليم طنجة أصيلة الدائرة أصيلة الجماعة القروية الساحل الشمالي المشيخة ساحل الجنوبي إحداثيات 35°21′53″N 6°02′16″W / 35.3648007°N 6.0376729°W / 35.3648007; -6.0376729 السكان التعداد السكاني 879 نسمة (إحصاء 2004) • عدد الأس
The RBI headquarters in Mumbai The RBI office tower opposite the headquarters in Mumbai Entrance to the tower Bank Persediaan India (Reserve Bank of India, RBI) adalah bank sentral India yang didirikan pada 1 April 1935 berdasarkan Act Reserve Bank of India, 1934. Kantor pusatnya terletak di Mumbai. Meskipun dulunya milik swasta, sejak 1949 telah dinasionalisasikan. RBI dimiliki penuh oleh Pemerintah India. RBI diatur oleh papan pusat (yang dipimipin oleh seorang gubernur), yang ditunjuk oleh Pe…
Brazil at the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad in Paris Sporting event delegationBrazil at the2024 Summer OlympicsIOC codeBRANOCBrazilian Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.cob.org.br (in Portuguese)in Paris, France26 July 2024 (2024-07-26) – 11 August 2024 (2024-08-11)Competitors148 in 19 sportsMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)1920192419281932193619481952195619601964196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620…
Tenma (Japanese for Pegasus). Tenma, yang dikenal sebagai Astro-B sebelum peluncuran, satelit astronomi sinar-X kedua Jepang, yang dikembangkan oleh Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. Ini diluncurkan pada 20 Februari 1983 dengan menggunakan roket M-3S-3 sebagai kendaraan. Kegagalan baterai pada bulan Juli 1984 menyebabkan operasi menjadi terbatas, dan masalah terus mengarah pada penghentian pengamatan sinar-X pada tahun 1985 itu masuk kembali ke atmosfer pada 19 Januari 1989. Referens…
此條目有内容不适合电子游戏条目收录,如操作细节与攻略、道具与用语列表、过度的剧情角色介绍。 (2015年4月18日)请参阅编写指引,以百科體裁改善此條目。 此條目或其章節有關上映中的電視節目,內容可能因節目播出而有所更動。維基百科并非不经筛选的信息收集处。請留心記載正確信息,在信息相對明确之後進行編輯更新。 偶像大師 百萬人演唱會! アイドルマスター…
Human settlement in EnglandBrightlingseaBrightlingsea and harbourBrightlingseaLocation within EssexPopulation8,076 (2011 Census)[1]OS grid referenceTM087168Civil parishBrightlingseaDistrictTendringShire countyEssexRegionEastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townCOLCHESTERPostcode districtCO7Dialling code01206PoliceEssexFireEssexAmbulanceEast of England UK ParliamentHarwich and North Essex List of places UK England Essex 51°49′N 1°…
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية 1984–85 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية النسخة 53 البلد إ
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع توم برايس (توضيح). تحتاج هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر إضافية لتحسين وثوقيتها. فضلاً ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة بإضافة استشهادات من مصادر موثوقة. من الممكن التشكيك بالمعلومات غير المنسوبة إلى مصدر وإزالتها. (يناير 2019) توم برايس (بالإنجليزية: Tom Price)&…
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) For other similarly named cathedrals, see Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (disambiguation). Church in Paris, FranceAlexander Nevsky CathedralCathedral of Saint Alexander NevskyCathédrale Saint-Alexandre-Nevsky de ParisAlexander Nevsky Cathedral48°52′39.3″N 2°18′7.1″E / 48.877583°N 2.301972
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع الباطن (توضيح). جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالله في الإسلام مصطلحاتالتسبيح: سبحان الله التكبير: الله أكبر الحمد: الحمد لله التشهّد: لا إله إلّا الله تعابير مرتبطة جلَّ جلاله سبحانه وتعالى عزَّ وجلّ أخرى إنَّا لله بسم الله إن شاء الله ما شاء الله استغفر الله …
Sampeyan Muslim?Genre Drama Roman Religi Komedi PembuatMD EntertainmentSutradaraRudi WitantoPemeran Adly Fairuz David Chalik Tubagus Indra Indah Permatasari Chairul Yusuf Nuri Maulida Attar Syah Ferdian Ida Bagus Oka Aty Cancer Zein Della Puspita Zacky Zimah George Rudy Willy Siung Jejen Rita Hamzah Bemby Putuanda Putri Una Voke Victoria Ray Nineball Syahreza Mpok Atiek Sumaisy Djaitov Yanda MAX Jehan Sienna Penggubah lagu temaTebeLagu pembukaSampeyan Muslim — TebeLagu penutupSampeyan Muslim
Cet article recense les archives départementales des départements de France. Liste # Édifice Ville Département Coordonnées Illus. +001, Archives Bourg-en-Bresse Ain 46° 11′ 42″ nord, 5° 13′ 34″ est +002, Archives Laon Aisne 49° 34′ 16″ nord, 3° 36′ 11″ est +003, Archives Yzeure Allier 46° 33′ 40″ nord, 3° 20′ 38″ est +004, Archives Digne-les-Bains Alpes-de-Haute-Provence 4…
Proposed economic and monetary union Politics of the African Union Institutions Casablanca Group Union of African States Organisation of African Unity African Economic Community African Unification Front Executive Assembly Chairperson Commission Chairperson Conference and Events Peace & Sec. Pol. Affairs Infra. & Energy Soc. Affairs HR, Sci., & Tech. Trade and Industry Rural Econ. & Agri. Economic Legal Counsel Executive Council Rep. Committee Legislature Pan-African Parliament P…
2019 Lancaster City Council election ← 2015 5 May 2019 (2019-05-05) 2023 → All 60 seats to Lancaster City Council31 seats needed for a majority First party Second party Third party Party Labour MB Independent Conservative Last election 29 seats, 36.7% 2 seats, 6.6% 19 seats, 28.7% Seats won 21 14 12 Seat change 8 12 7 Popular vote 27,581 10,580 19,937 Percentage 33.7% 12.9% 24.4% Swing 3.0% 6.3% 4.3% Fourth party Fifth…
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (September 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikiped…
2015 studio album by Barenaked LadiesSilverballStudio album by Barenaked LadiesReleased2 June 2015RecordedDecember 2014–February 2015[1]GenreAlternative rockLength45:10LabelVanguard RecordsProducerGavin BrownBarenaked Ladies chronology The Long Weekend EP(2014) Silverball(2015) BNL Rocks Red Rocks(2016) Singles from Silverball Say What You WantReleased: 28 April 2015 SilverballReleased: 4 May 2015 Duct Tape HeartReleased: 10 July 2015 Silverball is the 11th full-length original…
Book by Calvert Watkins How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics AuthorCalvert WatkinsLanguageEnglishSubjectComparative Indo-European poeticsGenreNon-fictionPublished1995PublisherOxford University PressMedia typePrintPages640 pagesISBN0195085957 How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics is a 1995 book about comparative Indo-European poetics by the linguist and classicist Calvert Watkins. It was first published on November 16, 1995, through Oxford University Press …
Demographics of South AfricaSouth Africa population pyramid in 2020Population62 million (2022 Census)[1][2]Density48.1/km2 (125/sq mi)Growth rate1.06%[2]: 26 Birth rate19.5 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)[2]: 21 Death rate11.0 deaths/1,000 population (2022)[2]: 21 Life expectancy64.7 years (2019 est.)[citation needed] • male64.8 years (2022 est.)[2]: 15 …
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.12.74.170