Fukui Prefecture

Fukui Prefecture
福井県
Prefecture
Japanese transcription(s)
 • Japanese福井県
 • RōmajiFukui-ken
Panoramic view of the Fukui plain, Fukui prefecture from the top of Monju
Panoramic view of the Fukui plain, Fukui prefecture from the top of Monju
Flag of Fukui Prefecture
Flag
Official logo of Fukui Prefecture
Symbol
Anthem: Fukui kenminka
Location of Fukui Prefecture
Country Japan
RegionChūbu (Hokuriku)
IslandHonshū
CapitalFukui
SubdivisionsDistricts: 7, Municipalities: 17
Government
 • GovernorTatsuji Sugimoto
Area
 • Total
4,190.49 km2 (1,617.96 sq mi)
 • Rank34th
Population
 (June 1, 2017)
 • Total
778,943
 • Rank43rd
 • Density185.95/km2 (481.6/sq mi)
GDP
[1]
 • TotalJP¥3,695 billion
US$33.9 billion (2019)
ISO 3166 codeJP-18
Websitewww.pref.fukui.jp/english/
Symbols of Japan
BirdDusky thrush (Turdus naumanni)
FlowerNarcissus (Narcissus tazetta)
TreePine tree (Pinus)

Fukui Prefecture (福井県, Fukui-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshū.[2] Fukui Prefecture has a population of 778,943 (1 June 2017) and has a geographic area of 4,190 km2 (1,617 sq mi). Fukui Prefecture borders Ishikawa Prefecture to the north, Gifu Prefecture to the east, Shiga Prefecture to the south, and Kyoto Prefecture to the southwest.

Fukui is the capital and largest city of Fukui Prefecture, with other major cities including Sakai, Echizen, and Sabae.[3] Fukui Prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast and is part of the historic Hokuriku region of Japan. The Matsudaira clan, a powerful samurai clan during the Edo period that became a component of the Japanese nobility after the Meiji Restoration, was headquartered at Fukui Castle on the site of the modern prefectural offices. Fukui Prefecture is home to the Kitadani Formation, the Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins, and the Tōjinbō cliff range.

Prehistory

The Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry, on the Sugiyama River within the city limits of Katsuyama, has yielded animals such As Fukuiraptor, Fukuisaurus, Nipponosaurus, Koshisaurus, Fukuivenator, Fukuititan, and Tambatitanis, as well as an unnamed dromaeosaurid.

History

See also: Historic Sites of Fukui Prefecture

Fukui originally consisted of the old provinces of Wakasa and Echizen, before the prefecture was formed in 1871.[4]

During the Edo period, the daimyō of the region was surnamed Matsudaira, and was a descendant of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

During World War II, Fukui was heavily bombed and its palace, Fukui Castle, surrounded by a moat, was demolished. Buildings for the Fukui Prefectural government were built on the site of the castle.

Geography

Fukui faces the Sea of Japan, and has a western part (formerly Wakasa) which is a narrow plain between the mountains and the sea, and a larger eastern part (formerly Echizen) with wider plains including the capital and most of the population. The province lies within Japan's "Snow country".

Current map of Fukui Prefecture
     City      Town
Tōjinbō, Sakai, Fukui
Row of sakura, Asuwa River, Fukui, Fukui
Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins
Myōtsū-ji, Obama, Fukui
Maruoka Castle, Sakai, Fukui
Fukui City
Katsuyama

As of 31 March 2008, 15% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Hakusan National Park; Echizen-Kaga Kaigan and Wakasa Wan Quasi-National Parks; and Okuetsu Kōgen Prefectural Natural Park.[5]

Cities

See also: List of cities in Fukui Prefecture by population

Nine cities are located in Fukui Prefecture:

Name Area (km2) Population Map
Rōmaji Kanji
Awara あわら市 116.98 28,405
Echizen 越前市 230.7 83,078
Fukui (capital) 福井市 536.41 264,217
Katsuyama 勝山市 253.88 23,527
Obama 小浜市 233.09 29,435
Ōno 大野市 872.43 33,640
Sabae 鯖江市 84.59 69,338
Sakai 坂井市 209.67 92,210
Tsuruga 敦賀市 251.39 66,123

Towns

These are the towns in each district:

Name Area (km2) Population District Map
Rōmaji Kanji
Echizen 越前町 153.15 20,709 Nyū District
Eiheiji 永平寺町 94.43 18,746 Yoshida District
Ikeda 池田町 194.65 2,628 Imadate District
Mihama 美浜町 152.35 9,643 Mikata District
Minamiechizen 南越前町 343.69 10,745 Nanjō District
Ōi おおい町 212.19 8,102 Ōi District
Takahama 高浜町 72.4 10,490 Ōi District
Wakasa 若狭町 178.49 14,577 Mikatakaminaka District

Mergers

Main article: List of mergers in Fukui Prefecture

Economy

  • Sabae is known for producing 90% of Japan's domestically-made glasses.
  • There are several nuclear power plants located along Wakasa Bay in Tsuruga which supply power to the Keihanshin metropolitan region. Fukui has 14 reactors, the most of any prefecture.[6]

Demographics

Fukui prefecture population pyramid in 2020
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1920599,155—    
1925597,899−0.04%
1930618,144+0.67%
1935646,659+0.91%
1940643,904−0.09%
1945724,856+2.40%
1950752,374+0.75%
1955754,055+0.04%
1960752,696−0.04%
1965750,557−0.06%
1970744,230−0.17%
1975773,599+0.78%
1980794,354+0.53%
1985817,633+0.58%
1990823,585+0.15%
1995826,996+0.08%
2000828,944+0.05%
2005821,592−0.18%
2010806,314−0.37%
2015786,740−0.49%
2020766,863−0.51%
Source: Censuses[7]

Fukui is one of the less populated prefectures of Japan; in September 2015 there were an estimated 785,508 people living in 281,394 households.[8] As seen in most of Japan, Fukui is facing the problem of both an aging and decreasing population; 28.6% of the population was over the age of 65 in July 2015[8] and the population has decreased by 2.6% from the 806,000 measured in the October 2010 national census.[9]

Culture

  • Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins is one of the most important cultural heritage sites in Japan.
  • Eihei-ji is a temple offering training and education to Buddhist monks. Founded by Dogen Zenji in 1244, Eiheiji is located on a plot of land covering about 33 hectares.
  • Myōtsū-ji's Three-storied Pagoda and Main Hall are National Treasures of Japan.
  • Fukui is home to Maruoka Castle, the oldest standing castle in Japan. It was built in 1576.
  • Residents of Fukui Prefecture have a distinctive accent, Fukui-ben.
  • Fukui has long been a center for papermaking in Japan (along with Kyoto). Its Echizen Papermaking Cooperative is a world-famous collection of papermakers making paper in the traditional Echizen style.
  • Fukui is also renowned for its clean water and crops, which result in sake, rice, and soba noodles.[10]
  • In August 2010 Fukui launched its own dating website entitled Fukui Marriage-Hunting Café in hopes of helping the declining population growth of Japan increase. Couples who meet in the site and continue on to marry receive monetary aid from the government as well as gifts.[11]

Friendship cities

Education

University

Transportation

Map of Honshu, Japan, featuring Shinkansen (bullet train) lines.

Railroad

Road

Expressway and Toll Road

  • Chubu Jukan Expressway
  • Hokuriku Expressway
  • Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway
  • Mikata Lake Rainbow Road
  • Mount Hoonji Toll Road

National Highway

  • Route 8
  • Route 27
  • Route 157
  • Route 158
  • Route 161
  • Route 162
  • Route 303
  • Route 305
  • Route 364
  • Route 365
  • Route 367
  • Route 416
  • Route 417
  • Route 418
  • Route 476

Port


Tsuruga Port

Tourism

Mikuni Festival, one of well known traditional festival in Fukui Prefecture
A skeletal show in Fukui Prefectual Dinosaur Museum

Notes

  1. ^ "2020年度国民経済計算（2015年基準・2008SNA） : 経済社会総合研究所 - 内閣府". 内閣府ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  2. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fukui-ken" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 217, p. 217, at Google Books; "Chūbu" Japan Encyclopedia, p. 126, p. 126, at Google Books.
  3. ^ Nussbaum, "Fukui" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 217, p. 217, at Google Books.
  4. ^ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books.
  5. ^ "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  6. ^ Fujioka, Chisa. "Japan anti-nuclear movement gains traction as crisis drags on". Reuters. 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
  7. ^ "Statistics Bureau Home Page". www.stat.go.jp.
  8. ^ a b "福井県の推計人口" [Fukui Prefecture Population Estimate] (in Japanese). Fukui Prefectural Government. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  9. ^ "第２章 人口の地域分布" [Regional distribution of population] (PDF) (in Japanese). Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  10. ^ [1] Japanese Echizen soba: what it is & where to eat it
  11. ^ Ansari, Aziz; Klinenberg, Eric (2015). Modern Romance. Penguin. p. 155. ISBN 978-1594206276.
  12. ^ "The Takefu Kiku Ningyo Festival: one of the three best chrysanthemum doll festivals in Japan | Fukui Album". 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2024-10-24.

References

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fukui (prefecture).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fukui prefecture.

35°59′N 136°11′E / 35.983°N 136.183°E / 35.983; 136.183