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	Sister ship Diamant, date unknown
History
France
Name	Perle
Namesake	Pearl
Builder	Arsenal de Toulon, Toulon, France
Laid down	1931
Launched	30 July 1935
Commissioned	1 March 1937
Fate	Sunk 8 July 1944
General characteristics
Class and type	Saphir-class submarine
Displacement	761 long tons (773 t) (surfaced); 925 long tons (940 t) (submerged);
Length	66 m (216 ft 6 in)
Beam	7.2 m (23 ft 7 in)
Draught	4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)
Propulsion	2 × diesel engines, 1,300 hp (969 kW); 2 × electric motors, 1,100 hp (820 kW);
Speed	12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) (surfaced); 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) (submerged);
Range	7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph); 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph); 80 nautical miles (148 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) (submerged);
Test depth	80 m (262 ft)
Complement	42
Armament	3 × 550 mm (21.7 in) torpedo tubes; 2 × 400 mm (15.7 in) torpedo tubes; 1 × 75 mm (2.95 in) deck gun; 2 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) machine guns; 2 × 8 mm (0.31 in) machine guns; 32 × mines;

Perle was a Saphir-class submarine built for the French Navy in the mid-1930s. Laid down in 1931, she was launched in July 1935 and commissioned in March 1937. In November 1942, after Operation Torch, Perle joined the Allied fleet. While returning from refitting in the United States, Perle was mistaken for a U-boat by an aircraft from the British Merchant Aircraft Carrier Empire MacCallum and sunk.

Design

Perle had a surfaced displacement of 761 long tons (773 t) and a submerged displacement of 925 long tons (940 t). She was 66 m (216 ft 6 in) long, with a beam of 7.1 m (23 ft 4 in) and a draught of 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in). Propulsion while surfaced was provided by two Normand-Vickers diesel engines with a total of 1,300 bhp (969 kW) and while submerged by two electric motors providing a total of 1,000 hp (746 kW) through two shafts giving a maximum speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) while surfaced and 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) while submerged. Her bunkers of 95 long tons (97 t; 15,200 st) of diesel fuel gave her a surfaced range of 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km; 8,100 mi) at 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) and 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), and her batteries gave her a submerged range of 80 nautical miles (148 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph). She carried a complement of 42 men^[1] and could dive to a depth of up to 80 m (262 ft).

The Saphir-class submarines were armed with torpedoes and could lay mines without surfacing. The moored contact mines they used contained 220 kg (485 lb) of TNT and could be laid in waters up to 200 metres (656 ft) deep. They were attached to the submarine's exterior under a protective hydrodynamic housing.

Service history

Laid down in 1931, Perle was launched in July 1935 and commissioned in March 1937. In November 1942, after Operation Torch, Perle joined the Allied fleet and was assigned to Dakar. After taking part in several operations, Perle sailed to the United States for refitting. On 26 June 1944, it left port and, after stopping in Newfoundland, Perle set sail for the port of Dundee in Scotland to participate in operations off Norway. On 8 July, Perle was mistaken for a U-boat by an Allied Fairey Swordfish and sunk in position 55°27′N 30°50′W / 55.450°N 30.833°W / 55.450; -30.833.^[2] Approximately 17 of the crew of 42 survived the sinking but only one was rescued. The crew killed aboard Perle were the last casualties among French submariners in World War II.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Citations

^ Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway. p. 274. ISBN 0851771467.
^ "FR Perle of the French Navy – French submarine of the Saphir class – Allied Warships of WWII". uboat.net. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
^ "Q 184". 10 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.
^ Polmar, Norman (2006). Aircraft Carriers. Vol. 1, 1909-1945 : a history of carrier aviation and its influence on world events (2nd ed.). Potomac Books. p. 276. ISBN 9781574886634.
^ Rohwer, Jürgen; Gerhard Hümmelchen. "Seekrieg 1944, Juli". Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart (in German). Retrieved 5 September 2015.

Books

Fontenoy, Paul E. (2007). Submarines: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (Weapons and Warfare). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85109-563-6.
Moulin, Jean (October–November 2022). "Les sous-marins mouilleurs de mine type Saphir" [The Saphir-Class Minelaying-Submarines]. Navires & Histoire (in French) (133): 88–95. ISSN 1280-4290.