French frigate Germinal

	Frigate Germinal
History
France
Name	Germinal
Namesake	Month of Germinal
Ordered	January 1991
Builder	Chantiers de l'Atlantique
Laid down	17 August 1992
Launched	14 March 1993
Commissioned	17 May 1994
Identification	MMSI number: 228749000; Number F 730;
Status	In active service
General characteristics
Class and type	Floréal-class frigate
Displacement	2,600 t (2,600 long tons) ; 3,000 t (2,950 long tons) full load;
Length	93.5 m (306 ft 9 in)
Beam	14 m (45 ft 11 in)
Draught	4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)
Propulsion	4 × SEMT Pielstick 6 PA6 L280 BPC diesel engines; 6,580 kW (8,820 hp); 2 shafts, 1 × 203 kW (272 hp) bow thruster;
Speed	20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Range	9,000 nmi (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Troops	24 marines
Complement	90
Sensors and ; processing systems	DRBV-21C (Mars) air sentry radar; Racal Decca RM1290 navigation radar; Racal Decca RM1290 landing radar;
Electronic warfare ; & decoys	ARBG-1A Saïgon; 2 Dagaie decoy systems;
Armament	2 Exocet MM38 missiles (removed); 1 × 100 mm CADAM turret with Najir fire control system; 2 × 20 mm modèle F2 guns;
Aircraft carried	1 × Eurocopter Panther or Eurocopter Dauphin N3 helicopter
Aviation facilities	Flight deck and hangar

Germinal is a Floréal-class frigate (French: frégate de surveillance) of the French Navy. She is the sixth and last ship of her class, and the first French vessel named after Germinal, the seventh month of the Republican Calendar. The ship was constructed at Saint-Nazaire, France, in 1992–1993 and entered service in 1994. The frigate has served in the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas and the Gulf of Guinea. Germinal is stationed in the Antilles (Fort-de-France) for patrol duties in the Caribbean Sea.

Design and description

The Floréal-class frigates were designed in response to a demand for a cheap warship capable of operating in low threat areas and able to perform general patrol functions. As a result, the Floréal class were constructed to mercantile standards in the areas of ammunition stowage, helicopter facilities and damage control, which significantly lowered the cost of the vessels. The Floréal class were designed for using modular construction which shortened their building times.^[1]

Germinal has a standard displacement of 2,600 tonnes (2,600 long tons) and 3,000 tonnes (2,950 long tons) at full load. The frigate measures 85.2 metres (279 ft 6 in) long between perpendiculars and 93.5 metres (306 ft 9 in) overall with a beam of 14 metres (45 ft 11 in) and a draught of 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in).^[2]^[3] Due to the frigate's broad beam, the ship is equipped with fin stabilisers.^[4]

The frigate is powered by a combined diesel and diesel (CODAD) system comprising four SEMT Pielstick 6 PA6 L280 BPC diesel engines driving two shafts each turning a LIPS controllable pitch propeller. The CODAD system is rated at 6,580 kilowatts (8,820 hp) The vessel is also equipped with one 203-kilowatt (272 hp) bow thruster. Due to the mercantile construction design, the four diesels are all located within one machinery room for ease of maintenance. Both diesel fuel and TR5 aviation fuel is brought aboard at a single location at the stern compared to naval-constructed vessels which sport two. The ship also has three 750 kW (1,010 hp) diesel-electric generators located just fore and aft of the machinery room.^[4]^[5] Germinal has a maximum speed of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) and a range of 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).^[2]

Germinal was armed with two Exocet MM38 surface-to-surface missiles in launchers situated centrally atop the midships superstructure.^[2] However, at the end of the missile's life cycle in 2014, the launchers were removed as the French Navy did not intend to replace the capability aboard the ships.^[6] The ship also mounts one 100 mm CADAM turret with the Najir fire control system located forwards and two 20 mm modèle F2 guns situated in atop the aft superstructure. The ship is equipped with DRBV-21C (Mars) air sentry, Racal Decca RM1290 navigation and Racal Decca RM1290 landing radars along with ARBG-1A Saïgon communications intercept, CSF ARBR 16A radar intercept electronic surveillance systems and two Dagaie decoy systems.^[2]

The frigate is equipped with a 30-by-15-metre (98 by 49 ft) helicopter landing pad located on the stern and a 10-by-15-metre (33 by 49 ft) hangar.^[2]^[7] The ship is capable of operating the embarked Eurocopter AS565 Panther up to sea state 5.^[2]^[4] The ship is capable of operating helicopters up to the size of the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma.^[2] The ship has a complement of 90 including the aircrew and officers and 24 marines with capacity for a further 13 personnel.^[2]

Construction and career

Germinal was ordered as part of the third pair in January 1991 from Chantiers de l'Atlantique for construction at their yard in Saint-Nazaire, France, and the keel was laid down on 17 August 1992. The frigate was built using modular construction methods, which reduced the vessel's construction time. Germinal was launched on 13 March 1993 and commissioned into the French Navy on 18 May 1994.^[1]^[2] Following sea trials, Germinal sailed for Arsenal de Lorient, Lorient where the weapons and sensors were installed and underwent further trials.^[4] The vessel is stationed in the Antilles (Fort-de-France) for patrol duties in the Caribbean Sea.^[8]

In 1997, Germinal was part of the French naval presence in the Gulf of Guinea, known as the Corymbe Mission. That year, the frigate participated in Operation Espadon, evacuating French nationals from Sierra Leone.^[9]

In January 2009, Germinal was reassigned from the UNIFIL mission along the Lebanese coast to a surveillance mission along the Gaza coast for ten days, beginning on 24 January.^[10]

In 2014, while stationed at Fort-de-France, Martinique, the frigate intercepted a smuggler go-fast boat with 595 kilograms (1,312 lb) of cocaine aboard. The smugglers were turned over to the Colombian frigate ARC Caldas.^[11] In March 2015, Germinal, with support, intercepted another go-fast, this time 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) off the coast of Barbados. The frigate seized 124 kilograms (273 lb) of cocaine and 33 kilograms (73 lb) of marijuana.^[12] On 19 June 2015 Germinal caught up with a sailboat making a trans-Atlantic crossing 250 nautical miles (460 km; 290 mi) southeast of Martinique. The two crew of the sailboat were apprehended and 93.5 kilograms (206 lb) of cocaine intended for Europe was seized.^[13] In April 2016, Germinal caught another go-fast, roughly 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the Martinique coast and seized 700 kilograms (1,500 lb) of marijuana. In October, the frigate intercepted a transfer of 55 kilograms (121 lb) of cocaine between a go fast and a fishing boat 75 kilometres (47 mi) from Dominica. Then on the night of 17/18 November, while operating off the coast of Guajira Peninsula, Colombia, Germinal took part in the chase of another go-fast, seizing 780 kilograms (1,720 lb) of cocaine.^[14]

In September 2017, Germinal, with sister ship Ventôse, was deployed to Saint Martin after the island was hit by Hurricane Irma.^[15] Departing Saint Martin on 9 October, Germinal sailed for the Gulf of Guinea as part of the Corymbe Mission until December.^[16] In 2018, Germinal underwent a four-month overhaul at Fort-de-France.^[17] On 20 July 2018, the frigate seized 53 bundles of cocaine weighing a combined 1,506 kilograms (3,320 lb). Germinal intercepted a sailboat with two crew at sea. The crew set the sailboat on fire and jumped overboard and were collected by the frigate. Germinal's crew successfully extinguished the fire aboard the sailboat and then boarded it. The frigate took the two prisoners and the sailboat back to Fort-de-France.^[18]

In 2022 the frigate operated with the amphibious assault ship Tonnerre in anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Guinea.^[19] In March 2023, she deployed to the Pacific for two months via the Panama Canal to conduct sovereignty surveillance missions in the French Pacific territories, while also carrying out port visits in Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico.^[20] In April 2023, the frigate visited the uninhabited French territory of Clipperton Island to carry out sovereignty protection duties.^[21]

Citations

^ ^a ^b Jordan 1995, pp. 119–120.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Saunders 2009, p. 258.
^ Jordan 1995, p. 119.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Jordan 1995, p. 120.
^ Massicot 2010, pp. 53–54.
^ Groizeleau, Vincent (26 November 2015). "Les frégates de surveillance évoluent" [Surveillance frigates are evolving]. meretmarine.com (in French). Retrieved 30 December 2019.
^ Massicot 2010, p. 55.
^ Groizeleau, Vincent (12 July 2017). "Les Floréal auront un successeur spécifique" [The Floréals will have a specific successor]. meretmarine.com (in French). Retrieved 20 November 2020.
^ Lagneau, Laurent (22 July 2009). "Le vice-amiral Laborde, nouveau directeur de l'IHEDN" [Vice-Admiral Laborde, new director of the IHEDN]. opex360.com (in French). Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ Chastand, Jean-Baptiste (3 January 2010). "Quand la marine française surveillait les côtes de Gaza" [When the French Navy was monitoring the coasts of Gaza]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ "595 kg de cocaïne saisis au large de la Colombie" [595 kg of cocaine seized off Colombia]. Le Marin. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ Lagneau, Laurent (24 March 2015). "La frégate Germinal intercepte une cargaison de drogue au large de la Barbade" [The frigate Germinal intercepts a drug shipment off the coast of Barbados]. opex360.com. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ "Antilles: La Frégate Germinal Intercepte un Voiliser Transportant de la Cocaïne" [Antilles: The Frigate Germinal Intercepts a Sailboat Carrying Cocaine]. colsbleus.fr (in French). 23 June 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ Lagneau, Laurent (20 November 2016). "La frégate de surveillance Germinal a permis la saisie de 780 kg de cocaïne pure" [The surveillance frigate Germinal enabled the seizure of 780 kg of pure cocaine]. opex360.com (in French). Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ Britz, Caroline (7 September 2017). "Ouragan Irma : Deux frégates françaises vont porter assistance aux îles sinistrées" [Hurricane Irma: Two French frigates to assist the disaster-stricken islands]. meretmarine.com (in French). Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ "Mission Corymbe : escale de la frégate Germinal à Dakar" [Mission Corymbe: stopover of the frigate Germinal in Dakar] (in French). Ministry of the Armed Forces. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
^ "La frégate Germinal en chantier pour 4 mois" [The Germinal frigate under construction for 4 months]. France-Antilles Martinique (in French). 26 March 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ "Le Germinal intercepte 1.5 tonne de cocaïne au large de la Martinique" [The Germinal intercepts 1.5 tonnes of cocaine off Martinique]. meretmarine.com (in French). 25 July 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^ "Lutte contre la piraterie : entraînement de la Marine française dans le golfe de Guinée" [Fight against piracy: French Navy training in the Gulf of Guinea] (in French). Marine Nationale. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
^ "FAA – Appareillage de la FS Germinal dans le cadre de la mission PASSION 23" (in French). Ministère des Armées. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
^ "Mission PASSION 23 : Le Germinal pose le pied sur l'atoll de Clipperton" (in French). Ministère des Armées. 24 April 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023.

References

Jordan, John (1995). "France". In Chumbley, Stephen (ed.). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 95–131. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
Massicot, Jean (2010). Navires de guerre et marine française (in French). Toulon, France: Desnoel. ISBN 978-1-4461-4597-5.
Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6.