Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe

Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag São Tomé and Príncipe portal

Until independence in 1975, São Tomé and Príncipe had few ties abroad except those that passed through Portugal. Following independence, the new government sought to expand its diplomatic relationships. A common language, tradition, and colonial legacy have led to close collaboration between São Tomé and other ex-Portuguese colonies in Africa, particularly Angola. São Toméan relations with other African countries in the region, such as Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, are also good. In December 2000, São Tomé signed the African Union treaty; it was later ratified by the National Assembly.

The São Toméan government has generally maintained a foreign policy based on nonalignment and cooperation with any country willing to assist in its economic development. In recent years, it has also increasingly emphasized ties to the United States and western Europe.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which São Tomé and Príncipe maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  China 12 July 1975[1]
2  Germany 12 July 1975[2]
3  Portugal 12 July 1975[3]
4  Romania 12 July 1975[4]
5  Cameroon 14 July 1975[5]
6  Japan 22 July 1975[6]
7  North Korea 9 August 1975[7]
8  Russia 9 August 1975[8]
9  France 10 September 1975[9]
10  United States 10 October 1975[10]
11  Czech Republic 22 October 1975[11]
12  Mongolia 22 October 1975[12]
13  Argentina 5 November 1975[13]
14  Nigeria 30 December 1975[14]
15  Brazil December 1975[15]
16  Gabon 1975[5]
17  India 1975[16]
18  Egypt March 1976[17]
19  Cuba 10 April 1976[18]
20  Hungary 2 November 1976[19]
21  Vietnam 6 November 1976[20]
22  Libya March 1977[21][22]
23  Sweden 1977[23]
24  Angola 19 February 1978[24]
25  Poland 20 November 1978[25]
26  Canada 13 December 1978[26]
27  Morocco 1978[27]
28  Algeria 7 January 1979[28]
29  Serbia 2 February 1979[29]
30  Finland 1 March 1979[29]
31  Albania 20 November 1979[30]
32  Grenada 23 November 1979[29]
33  United Kingdom 3 December 1979[31]
34  Bulgaria 25 December 1979[29]
35  Kuwait 9 January 1980[29]
36  Jamaica 29 February 1980[29]
37  Mozambique 1981[32]
38  Turkey 1981[33]
39  Spain 26 February 1982[34]
—  Holy See 21 December 1984[35]
40   Switzerland 28 February 1985[36]
41  Greece 24 April 1986[29]
42  Seychelles 22 October 1986[29]
43  Belgium 1986[37]
44  Tunisia 1986[38]
45  Thailand 7 May 1987[39]
46  Bolivia 15 May 1987[29]
47  Zambia 31 August 1987[40]
48  Colombia 12 August 1988[29]
49  South Korea 20 August 1988[41]
50  Italy 24 December 1988[42]
51  Peru 4 May 1989[29]
52  Chile 5 May 1989[43]
53  Mexico 10 September 1990[29]
54  Uruguay 26 September 1990[44]
55  Slovakia 2 April 1993[45]
56  Austria 3 May 1993[29]
57  Croatia 23 May 1993[46]
58  Israel 16 November 1993[47]
59  South Africa 10 May 1994[48]
60  Latvia 26 July 1994[49]
—  Republic of China (severed) 6 May 1997[1]
61  Singapore 18 August 1997[50]
62  Oman 15 September 1997[29]
63  United Arab Emirates 24 October 1997[29]
64  Bahrain 27 October 1997[51]
65  Ukraine 16 April 1998[29]
66  North Macedonia 11 July 2000[29]
67  Cyprus 7 November 2000[29]
68  Philippines 8 November 2000[29]
69  Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 May 2001[29]
70  Belarus 11 December 2001[29]
71  Mauritius 28 February 2003[29]
72  Lithuania 8 July 2003[29]
73  Venezuela 19 August 2006[52]
74  Iceland 24 September 2007[29]
75  Iran 2007[53]
76  Estonia 20 May 2009[54]
77  Andorra 27 May 2009[55]
78  Australia 8 July 2009[29]
79  Indonesia 27 September 2011[56]
80  Mauritania 4 August 2013[57]
81  Luxembourg 10 April 2014[58]
82  Slovenia 10 April 2014[29]
83  Georgia 12 September 2014[59]
84  Kazakhstan 20 November 2014[29]
85  Rwanda 11 January 2017[60]
86  Sudan 20 April 2018[61]
87  Cape Verde 22 August 2018[62]
88  Namibia 14 September 2018[63]
89  Dominican Republic 24 September 2018[64]
90  Malta 24 September 2018[29]
91  Tajikistan 24 September 2018[29]
92  Azerbaijan 25 September 2018[29]
93  Saint Kitts and Nevis 28 September 2018[29]
94  Norway 25 January 2019[65]
95  Burkina Faso 20 February 2019[66]
96  Benin 20 February 2019[67]
97  Denmark 29 May 2019[68]
98  Qatar 4 May 2021[69]
99  Chad 3 March 2022[70]
100  Ivory Coast 3 March 2022[70]
101  Maldives 5 April 2022[29]
102  Zimbabwe 15 June 2022[71]
103  Saudi Arabia 7 June 2023[72]
104  Burundi 13 June 2023[73]
105  Paraguay 13 July 2023[29]
106  Republic of the Congo Unknown[74]
107  East Timor Unknown[75]
108  Equatorial Guinea Unknown[76]
109  Ghana Unknown[77]
110  Guinea Unknown[78]
111  Guinea-Bissau Unknown[79]
112  Kenya Unknown[80]
113  Malaysia Unknown[81]
114  Netherlands Unknown[82]
115  Nicaragua Unknown[83]
116  Pakistan Unknown[84]

Bilateral relations

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Algeria 7 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1979 when has been accredited Ambassador of Algeria to São Tomé and Príncipe (resident in Luanda) Mr. Noureddine Harbi.[28]
 Angola 19 February 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1978[24]
  • Angola has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Luanda.
 Australia 8 July 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 2009[85]
  • Australia is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe from its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.[86]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe is represented in Australia by from its embassy in Lisbon, Portugal.[86]
 Benin 20 February 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 2019 when Ambassador of Benin, Paulete  Adjovi presented his credentials to the President of São Tomé and Príncipe, Evaristo Carvalho.[67]
 Brazil 12 July 1975 See Brazil–São Tomé and Príncipe relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1975.[87] Both countries are full members of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.

  • Brazil has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe is accredited to Brazil from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
 Burkina Faso 19 February 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 2019 when Ambassador of Burkina Faso to Sao Tome and Principe, Saïdou Zongo presented his credentials.[88]
 Burundi 13 June 2023 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 2023 when first Ambassador of Burundi to São Tomé and Príncipe Mr. Mwamba Ntirampeba presented his credentials to President Carlos Manuel Vila Nova.[73]
 Cape Verde São Tomé and Príncipe maintains an embassy in Praia, Cape Verde.[89]
 China 12 July 1975, severed diplomatic relations 6 May 1997, Restored 26 December 2016[1] See China–São Tomé and Príncipe relations

Prior to independence, the People's Republic of China (PRC) supported the country's indigenous movement for independence against the Portuguese Empire and the relationship continued after independence. Official diplomatic relation was established with the PRC upon independence on 12 July 1975. In 1975 and 1983, the country's first president, Manuel Pinto da Costa, visited the PRC. On 6 May 1997, São Tomé and Príncipe switched diplomatic relation from PRC to Republic of China (ROC).[90] On 15 November 2013, an unofficial PRC trade mission office was established in São Tomé and Príncipe to facilitate the non-political commercial ties with the PRC.[91] However, in June 2014, President Manuel Pinto da Costa made a private visit to Shanghai in Mainland China for a non-political mission.[92]

São Tomé and Príncipe had been speaking at the United Nations General Assembly for ROC meaningful participation in international organizations. While on the other side, ROC has provided various aids to the country for the development in their infrastructure and social system.[93]

São Tomé and Príncipe severed relations with ROC on 20 December 2016, leaving Burkina Faso and Swaziland as the only two remaining African nations retaining formal relations with the ROC,[94] when the ROC government reportedly turned down a São Toméan request for $210 million in financial assistance.[95] Diplomatic relations between PRC and São Tomé and Príncipe resumed on 26 December 2016.[96]

 Egypt March 1976
  • Egypt is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe by its embassy in Luanda, Angola.[97]
  • Both countries are full members of the African Union.
 Gabon Sao Tome and Principe has an embassy in Libreville, Gabon[98]
 India 14 August 1975 See India–São Tomé and Príncipe relations
  • India has an embassy in São Tomé.[99]
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an honorary consulate in New Delhi.
 Italy 24 December 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 December 1988 when Italian ambassador Francesco Lanata presented his credentials to Sao Tome and Principe.[100]
 Mauritania 4 August 2013 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 August 2013 when Ambassador of Mauritania With residence in Abuja, Nigeria Mr. Ba Abderrahmane, presented his letters of credentials to President of São Tomé and Príncipe Manuel Pinto da Costa.[57]
 Mozambique 1981[32]
  • Mozambique is accredited to São Tomé and Príncipe from its embassy in Luanda, Angola and maintains an honorary consulate in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Luanda, Angola and maintains an honorary consulate in Maputo.[101]
 Namibia 14 September 2018 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 2018 when Ambassador of São Tomé and Príncipe Mr. Carlos Gustavo dos Anjos, presented his credentials to President of Namibia Hage G. Geingob.[63]
 Portugal 12 July 1975 See Portugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1975.[3]

  • Portugal has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Lisbon.
 Serbia 2 February 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1979[102]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[103]
 South Africa 10 May 1994
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1994.[104]
  • Both countries are full members of the African Union.
 South Korea 20 August 1988

Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and São Tomé and Príncipe was August 20, 1988.[41] In 2001 Bilateral Trade were Exports $74,479 Imports $40,381.[105]

 Spain 26 February 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1982 when appointed first Ambassador of Spain in São Tomé and Príncipe (resident in Luanda) Mr. Manuel Piñeiro Souto[106]
 Turkey 12 July 1975[107]
 United Kingdom 3 December 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1979 when the first Ambassador of the United Kingdom to São Tomé and Príncipe, Mr. Christopher D. S. MacRae was appointed.[109]
 United States 12 July 1975 See São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations

With the development of São Tomé's oil reserves, American diplomatic and military relations are becoming closer. In February 2005, the US Navy's USS Emory S. Land (AS-39) entered West African waters near São Tomé to provide security assistance and training to the local security services.

 Zambia 31 August 1987 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 1987 when Mr. J. Jose Da Costa has been accredited as Ambassador of São Tomé and Príncipe to Zambia (resident in Luanda).[40]
 Zimbabwe 15 June 2022 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 2022 when Ambassador of Zimbabwe Mr. Maxwell Ranga, presented his credentials to President of São Tomé and Príncipe Carlos Vila Nova.[71]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "China and Sao Tome and Principe Resume Diplomatic Relations".
  2. ^ "Länder" (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  3. ^ a b "São Tomé e Príncipe - Titulares". portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". mae.ro. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  5. ^ a b "Etat des lieux des relations politiques et diplomatiques entre les Etats membres de la CEEAC" (PDF) (in French). p. 64-65. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
  6. ^ "Japan-Sao Tome and Principe (Basic Data)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  7. ^ "The DPRK and Diplomatic Relations with other Countries" (PDF). ncnk.org. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  8. ^ "On August 9, 1975, Diplomatic relations with Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe were established". MFA Russia. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  9. ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF) (in French). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  11. ^ Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). pp. 99–119.
  12. ^ "List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  13. ^ "Declaración relativa al Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Gobierno de la República Argentina y el Gobierno de Santo Tomé y Príncipe". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  14. ^ Nigeria: Bulletin on Foreign Affairs, Volume 5. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. 1975. pp. Page 7.
  15. ^ "A política externa brasileira para São Tomé e Príncipe: O teor político da cooperação Sul-Sul" (PDF). Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  16. ^ "Brief on India-Sao Tome & Principe Bilateral Relations" (PDF). mea.gov.in. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1977. Выпуск двадцать первый. Часть II - Зарубежные страны: Австралия-Лихтенштейн" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 259. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  18. ^ "Llega a Sao Tomé y Príncipe epidemiólogo cubano para apoyar la lucha contra el Covid-19". misiones.cubaminrex.cu (in Spanish). 11 May 2020. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  19. ^ Daily Report: Eastern Europe, Volume 76, Issues 211-221. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1976. p. 38.
  20. ^ "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe". vietnam.gov.vn. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  21. ^ West Africa. Vol. 3104–3116. Afrimedia International. 1977. p. 581.
  22. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1978. Выпуск двадцать второй: Зарубежные страны в 1977" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 303. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  23. ^ "Sveriges statskalender / 1978 / Sao Tome och Principe" (in Swedish). p. 454. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  24. ^ a b "Relação Diplomática em São Tomé e Príncipe (MFA Angola)".
  25. ^ "Demokratyczna Republika Wysp Św. Tomasza i Książęcej". gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  26. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Sao Tome et Principe" (in French). Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  28. ^ a b Slimane Chikh (1980). Le Maghreb et l'Afrique subsaharienne (in French). Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique. p. 10.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Diplomatic relations between Sao Tome and Principe and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  30. ^ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. 1980. p. 11.
  31. ^ The Diplomatic Service List. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1985. pp. 83–99. ISBN 9780115916571.
  32. ^ a b "PR declara apoio à São Tomé no desenvolvimento do país". Archived from the original on 2023-04-26. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  33. ^ "Yüksel Söylemez büyükelçi". biyografi.net (in Turkish and English). Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Real Decreto 417/1982, de 26 de febrero, por el que se designa Embajador de España en Santo Tomé y Príncipe a don Manuel Piñeiro Souto, con residencia en Luanda". boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  35. ^ "RELACIONES BILATERALES DE LA SANTA SEDE" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  36. ^ "Entretien avec C. da Costa PM de Sao Tomé-et-Principe, Genève le 7.3.1989". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  37. ^ "Guilherme Posser da Costa". Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  38. ^ "Relations bilatérales" (in French). Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  39. ^ "สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยเซาตูเมและปรินซิปี (Sao Tome and Principe)". mfa.go.th (in Thai). 3 February 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  40. ^ a b List of Diplomatic, Consular, and Trade Missions and International Organizations. Zambia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1993. p. 1.
  41. ^ a b "Overview". mofa.go.kr. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  42. ^ "Stati di servizio del personale della carriera diplomatica e della dirigenza del ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale che ha cessato di far parte dell'amministrazione dal 1° Gennaio 2000 al 5 Luglio 2016" (PDF) (in Italian). p. 94. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  43. ^ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 6. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  44. ^ "Anexo 6: Tabla de fechas de establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas entre Uruguay y paises africanos" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2019. p. 235. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Sv. Tomáš a Princov ost.: Základné informácie". mzv.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  46. ^ "Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". mvep.gov.hr. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  47. ^ "Israel's Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of relations". Archived from the original on 2013-06-13.
  48. ^ "Transition (1990 - 1994) - Chronologies: 1994". omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  49. ^ "Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  50. ^ "Diplomatic & Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore. 2 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  51. ^ "Bilateral Relations". mofa.gov.bh. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  52. ^ "Venezuela conmemora 15 años del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas con Santo Tomé y Príncipe". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  53. ^ "Revolutionary Iran's Africa Policy" (PDF). 1 Jun 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  54. ^ "Estonia Established Diplomatic Relations with São Tomé and Príncipe". Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  55. ^ "Bilateral Affairs". www.exteriors.ad. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  56. ^ "Diplomasi Indonesia 2014" (PDF) (in Indonesian). p. 93. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  57. ^ a b "L'ambassadeur mauritanien à Sao Tomé présente ses lettres de créance". Agence Mauritanienne d'information (in French). 4 August 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  58. ^ "Corps diplomatique accredité à Luxembourg - 2014" (PDF) (in French). 2014. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  59. ^ "ოქმი დიპლომატიური და საკონსულო ურთიერთობების დამყარების შესახებ საქართველოსა და სან ტომე და პრინსიპის დემოკრატიულ რესპუბლიკას შორის". matsne.gov.ge (in Georgian). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  60. ^ "[PHOTOS]: Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe to strengthen cooperation". 11 January 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  61. ^ "Presidente são-tomense acredita novos embaixadores dos EUA, Reino Unido e do Sudão" (in Portuguese). 20 April 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  62. ^ "A (re) presentação da disporá São-tomense em Cabo Verde: O renascer da esperança" (in Portuguese). 28 August 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  63. ^ a b "Today, the following Ambassadors presented their letters of credentials to President Hage G. Geingob at State House". Namibian Presidency. September 14, 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  64. ^ "República Dominicana firma relaciones diplomáticas con Senegal y Santo Tomé Príncipe". Diario Libre (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  65. ^ "Offisielt frå statsrådet 25. januar 2019". 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  66. ^ "L'Ambassadeur Saïdou Zongo a présenté ses Lettres de créance à Son Excellence Monsieur Evaristo do Espirito Santo Carvalho, Président de la République Démocratique de São Tomé et Príncipe le jeudi 21 février 2019". Ministère des Affaires Etrangères du Burkina Faso (in French). March 5, 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  67. ^ a b "Presidente acredita novos embaixadores da Espanha, Dinamarca, Checa, Benim, Canada e Coreia do Norte". Agencia STP-Press (in Portuguese). February 20, 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
  68. ^ "Embaixador da Dinamarca apresenta carta credenciais ao Presidente Jorge Carlos Fonseca" (in Portuguese). 29 May 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  69. ^ "Qatar, Sao Tome and Principe Establish Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 4 May 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  70. ^ a b "Presidente de São Tomé e Príncipe acredita novos embaixadores da Costa do Marfim, Tchade e Alemanha" (in Portuguese). 3 March 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  71. ^ a b "Presidente República acredita novos embaixadores da Sérvia, França, Guiné-Bissau e Zimbabwe". Agencia STP-Press (in Portuguese). 15 June 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  72. ^ "São Tomé e Príncipe e o Reino da Arábia Saudita iniciaram formalmente as Relações Diplomáticas". Embaixada da Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe na Republica de Cabo Verde (in Portuguese). 9 June 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  73. ^ a b "L'Ambassadeur du Burundi en Republique Democratique de Sao Tome et Principe presente ses lettres de creance". mae.gov.bi (in French). Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  74. ^ "Coopération : le Congo et Sao Tomé-et-Principe vont raffermir leurs relations" (in French). 13 May 2023.
  75. ^ "Prime Minister on Official Visit to Togo on Working Visit to Portugal, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde" (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  76. ^ "Tres nuevos embajadores presentan sus credenciales ante el Presidente de la República" (in Spanish). 17 August 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  77. ^ "Ayorkor Botchwey calls for strengthening of Ghana-São Tomé and Príncipe relation". 24 October 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  78. ^ "Ambassades" (in French). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  79. ^ "Presidente República acredita novos embaixadores da Sérvia, França, Guiné-Bissau e Zimbabwe" (in Portuguese). 15 June 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  80. ^ "Working Breakfast with Ambassadors accredited to Kenya". October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  81. ^ "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  82. ^ "Presidente de São Tomé e Príncipe acredita novos embaixadores da Cuba, EUA, Países Baixos e Nigéria" (in Portuguese). 10 August 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  83. ^ "Memoria del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 2004" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2004. p. 76. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  84. ^ "AMBASSADOR - DESIGNATE MS. FAUZIA M. SANA PRESENTED HER CREDENTIALS". 12 December 2006. Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 22 October 2023.[dead link‍]
  85. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Between Sao Tome and Principe and Australia as of 8 July 2009". United Nations Digital Library. 8 July 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  86. ^ a b "Sao Tome and Principe". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  87. ^ "Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe". www.itamaraty.gov.br. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  88. ^ "L'Ambassadeur Saïdou Zongo a présenté ses Lettres de créance à Son Excellence Monsieur Evaristo do Espirito Santo Carvalho, Président de la République Démocratique de São Tomé et Príncipe le jeudi 21 février 2019". Ministère des Affaires Etrangères du Burkina Faso (in French). March 5, 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  89. ^ "Embaixada da República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe na República de Cabo Verde" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  90. ^ China and São Tomé and Príncipe Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China, 2006
  91. ^ "China opens trade office in Sao Tome". Taipei Times. 2014-06-02. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  92. ^ "Sao Tome leader's China visit not political: MOFA". Taipei Times. 2014-06-02. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  93. ^ "Premier Jiang hails staunch Taiwan-Sao Tome relations". The China Post. 2013-11-19. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  94. ^ Blanchard, Ben (21 December 2016). "China welcomes Sao Tome decision to ditch Taiwan ties". Reuters. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  95. ^ "After losing Sao Tome, Taiwan to review aid to other allies - Politics - FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS". focustaiwan.tw. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  96. ^ 中国与圣普恢复外交关系 (Press release) (in Chinese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 26 December 2016.
  97. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-02-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  98. ^ "Ali Bongo reçoit les lettres de créances de cinq nouveaux ambassadeurs" (in French). 4 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  99. ^ Embassy of India in São Tomé
  100. ^ "Stati di servizio del personale della carriera diplomatica e della dirigenza del ministero degli affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale che ha cessato di far parte dell'amministrazione dal 1° Gennaio 2000 al 5 Luglio 2016" (PDF) (in Italian). p. 94. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  101. ^ "Honorary consulate of São Tomé and Príncipe in Maputo". Archived from the original on 2020-01-11. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
  102. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Sao Tome and Principe and Yugoslavia as of 2 Feb. 1979". United Nations Digital Library. 2 February 1979. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  103. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-02-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  104. ^ "Transition (1990 - 1994) - Chronologies: 1994". omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  105. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". Archived from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-06-28.
  106. ^ "Real Decreto 417/1982, de 26 de febrero, por el que se designa Embajador de España en Santo Tomé y Príncipe a don Manuel Piñeiro Souto, con residencia en Luanda". boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  107. ^ "Relations between Turkey and São Tomé and Príncipe". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
  108. ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and Sao Tome and Principe".
  109. ^ Diplomatic Service List, 1995. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1995. p. 96.

Read other articles:

Islam di Republik Kongo

Islam menurut negara Afrika Aljazair Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Kamerun Tanjung Verde Republik Afrika Tengah Chad Komoro Republik Demokratik Kongo Republik Kongo Djibouti Mesir Guinea Khatulistiwa Eritrea Eswatini Etiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Pantai Gading Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagaskar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Maroko Mozambik Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome dan Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia Somaliland Afrika Selatan ...

 

 

Garis Waktu (film)

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Garis Waktu. Garis WaktuPoster rilis teatrikalSutradaraJeihan AnggaProduserManoj PunjabiSkenarioBenni SetiawanBerdasarkanGaris Waktuoleh Fiersa BesariPemeran Reza Rahadian Michelle Ziudith Anya Geraldine Penata musikAlfaomega Bani S Angga Wibisono Dika WibisonoSinematograferMandella MajidPenyuntingJeihan AnggaPerusahaanproduksi MD Pictures Dapur Film Tanggal rilis 24 Februari 2022 (2022-02-24) Durasi100 menitNegaraIndonesiaBahasaIndonesiaPendapatankotorRp...

 

 

List of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1770

English, Scottish, Irish and Great Britain legislationActs of parliaments of states preceding the United Kingdom Of the Kingdom of EnglandRoyal statutes, etc. issued beforethe development of Parliament 1225–1267 1275–1307 1308–1325 Temp. incert. 1327–1411 1413–1460 1461 1463 1464 1467 1468 1472 1474 1477 1482 1483 1485–1503 1509–1535 1536 1539–1540 1541 1542 1543 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549      1551      1553 1554 1555 &...

Piedmont, Alabama

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Piedmont. Piedmont, AlabamakotaNegaraAmerika SerikatNegara bagianAlabamacountyCalhoun, CherokeePemerintahan • JenisDewan Wali Kota • Wali KotaBrian YoungLuas • Total9,8 sq mi (25,3 km2) • Luas daratan9,8 sq mi (25,3 km2) • Luas perairan0 sq mi (0 km2)Ketinggian702 ft (214 m)Populasi (2000) • Total5.120 • Kepadatan522,4/sq...

 

 

I'm Still Here (2010 film)

2010 film I'm Still HereTheatrical release posterDirected byCasey AffleckWritten by Casey Affleck Joaquin Phoenix Produced by Casey Affleck Joaquin Phoenix Amanda White Starring Joaquin Phoenix Casey Affleck Cinematography Casey Affleck Magdalena Gorka Edited by Casey Affleck Dody Dorn Music byMarty FoggProductioncompanies They Are Going to Kill Us Productions Flemmy Productions[1] Distributed byMagnolia PicturesRelease dates September 6, 2010 (2010-09-06) (Venice F...

 

 

Manicure

Cosmetic beauty treatment for hands and fingernails This article is about a beauty treatment for fingernails. For the song by Lady Gaga, see Artpop. Nail care redirects here. For cosmetic care of the human foot, see pedicure. French nails redirects here. For the carpentry product, see wire nails. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: ...

IWiW

Hungarian social network service (2002–2014) iWiWType of siteSocial network serviceOwnerOrigo Média és Kommunikációs Szolgáltató Zrt.URLiwiw.huRegistrationRequired, by invitationLaunched14 April 2002 (14 April 2002)Current statusDefunct as of 30 June 2014 (30 June 2014) iWiW (abbreviation for International Who is Who) was a Hungarian social networking web service which started on 14 April 2002 as WiW (Who Is Who). As of August 2007[update], it had 2.6 million re...

 

 

Пугачёва, Алла Борисовна

Запрос «Пугачёва» перенаправляется сюда; см. также другие значения. Алла Пугачёва На фестивале «Славянский базар в Витебске», 2016 год Основная информация Полное имя Алла Борисовна Пугачёва Дата рождения 15 апреля 1949(1949-04-15) (75 лет) Место рождения Москва, СССР[1]...

 

 

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

ليك ماري

ليك ماري    شعار   الإحداثيات 28°45′27″N 81°19′45″W / 28.7575°N 81.329166666667°W / 28.7575; -81.329166666667   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 7 أغسطس 1973  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2][3]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة سيمينول  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 25.704179 كيلومتر مربع25.7...

 

 

Vtwm

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be merged,...

 

 

2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration

This article is part of a series aboutJoe Biden Political positions Electoral history Early life and career Eponyms Family Honors Public image U.S. Senator from Delaware Judiciary Committee Bork hearings Thomas hearings 1994 Crime Bill Violence Against Women Act Foreign Relations Committee Elections: 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008 47th Vice President of the United States Transition Tenure Obama administration first inauguration second inauguration Economic policy Great Recession response...

Deliberative referendum

Part of the Politics seriesDirect democracy Referendum types Optional referendum Legislative referral Popular initiative Recall referendum Popular referendum Mandatory referendum Referendums by country Australia Canada Czechia EU France Germany Italy Iran Israel Kenya Lithuania Netherlands New Zealand Poland Philippines Sweden Slovakia Switzerland Turkey Taiwan UK Ukraine USA Referendums by issue Civil rights Finance Mining War Independence EU Referendums by method E-referendum History of dir...

 

 

Gaijin

Origine des étrangers vivant au Japon en 2000.100 000 et plus10 000 - 99 9995 000 - 9 9991 000 - 4 999. Évolution des étrangers par origine. Gaikokujin (外国人?, « étranger » lit. « personne d'un pays extérieur ») ou simplement gaijin (外人?, litt. « personne de l'extérieur ») sont des termes japonais utilisés pour désigner les étrangers au Japon. Chiffres Le Japon comptait 2 217 000 étrangers...

 

 

Kingdom of Naples

Italian state (1282–1816) Kingdom of NaplesRegnum Neapolitanum (Latin)Regno di Napoli (Italian)Regno 'e Napule (Neapolitan)1282–1806[a]1815–1816 Flag under the Aragonese Regime (1442–1516) Coat of arms under the Aragonese Regime Motto: Noxias herbas (Latin)[b]Noxious herbsThe territory of the Kingdom of Naples in 1454StatusSovereign state (1282–1442; 1458–1501; 1735–1806; 1815–1816)Part of the Crown of Aragon(1442–1458)Personal union ...

Bazna

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della Romania è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. BaznacomuneBazna – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Romania Regione Transilvania Distretto Sibiu TerritorioCoordinate46°12′N 24°17′E46°12′N, 24°17′E (Bazna) Superficie82,52 km² Abitanti4 058 (2007) Densità49,18 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale557030 Fuso orar...

 

 

Zabrđe, Pljevlja

Village in Pljevlja, MontenegroZabrđe ЗабрђеVillageZabrđeLocation within MontenegroCoordinates: 43°19′02″N 19°19′29″E / 43.3172°N 19.3247°E / 43.3172; 19.3247Country MontenegroMunicipality PljevljaPopulation (2011) • Total87Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Zabrđe (Serbian Cyrillic: Забрђе) is a small village in the municipality of Pljevlja, Montenegro. Demographics According to the 2003 census,...

 

 

Artillerie de marine

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Artillerie navale. L’artillerie de marine est une spécialité, au même titre que l'infanterie de marine, des troupes de marine françaises. Historique Création et différentes organisations L'artillerie de marine apparaît en 1645. Néanmoins, sa création officielle date du 16 février 1692, quand deux compagnies voient le jour à Brest et Toulon. Une troisième est créée à Rochefort en 1694. En 1761, il existe neuf brigades d'artillerie de la marine ...

Kiowa language

North American aboriginal language Not to be confused with Kiowa Apache language. KiowaCáuijògà/Cáuijò꞉gyàNative toUnited StatesRegionwestern OklahomaEthnicityKiowa peopleNative speakers20 (2007)[1]Language familyTanoan KiowaLanguage codesISO 639-3kioGlottologkiow1266ELPKiowaLinguasphere64-CBB-aDistribution of the Kiowa language after migration to the Southern PlainsKiowa is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in DangerThis ...

 

 

Haruko Momoi

Japanese singer, songwriter and voice actress (born 1977) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelou...