Flag of Ghana

Republic of Ghana
UseNational flag, civil and state ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is congruent with obverse side
Proportion2:3
Adopted6 March 1957; 67 years ago (1957-03-06)
DesignA horizontal triband of the Ethiopian Pan-African colors of red, gold, and green, charged with a black star in the centre
Designed byTheodosia Okoh
UseCivil ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion2:3
DesignA red field with the national flag, fimbriated in black, in the canton
UseNaval ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion2:3
DesignRed English St. George's Cross on white centrrensign, with the national flag in canton.

The national flag of Ghana consists of a horizontal triband of red, yellow, and green. It was designed in replacement of the British Gold Coast's Blue Ensign.[1]

The flag, which was adopted upon the independence of the Dominion of Ghana on 6 March 1957, was designed that same year by Theodosia Okoh, a renowned Ghanaian artist and teacher.[2][3][4][5] The flag was flown from the time of Ghana's independence until 1962,[6] then reinstated in 1966 after Kwame Nkrumah was overthrown by coup d'état. in February 1966. The flag of Ghana consists of the Ethiopian Pan-African colours of red, gold, and green in horizontal stripes with a black five-pointed star in the centre of the gold stripe. The Ghanaian flag was the second African flag after the flag of the Ethiopian Empire to feature the red, gold, and green colours, although these colours are inverted. The design of the Ghanaian flag influenced the designs of the flags of Guinea-Bissau (1973) and São Tomé and Príncipe (1975).

Design

The Ghanaian flag was designed as a tricolour of red, gold and green with a black star in the centre.[7]

The red colour of the flag represents the blood of forefathers who led the struggle of independence from British colonial rule.[8] This claimed the lives of the 'big six', Ghanaian leaders Edward Akufo Addo, Dr. Ako Adjei, William Ofori Atta, Joseph Boakye Danquah, Emmanuel Obetsebi Lamptey, and later Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah,[9] who formed the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC),[10][11][12] an anti-colonialist political party.[13] Red is also interpreted to stands for the love of the Ghanaian nation.[14]

The gold colour represents the wealth imbued by mineral resources mostly found in Obuasi in Ashanti Region and Tarkwa in the Western Region.[15][16] The gold in Ghana led to the initial name of the Gold Coast, which was later changed to Ghana upon independence in 1957.[17] Ghana's other mineral resources are diamond, bauxite, and manganese.[18]

The green symbolises Ghana's forests and natural wealth[19] which provide the nation with oil, food, and crops such as cocoa, timber, Shea Butter.[20][21][22] Most of Ghana's crops are exported to overseas countries in exchange for physical cash which is used for the country's development of roads, schools, water, sanitation and industries for employment.[23]

The black star of the Ghanaian national flag is a symbol for the emancipation of Africa and unity against colonialism.[24][25] The black star was adopted from the flag of the Black Star Line, a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey which operated from 1919 to 1922.[26] It became also known as the Black Star of Africa. It is also where the Ghana national football team derived their nickname, the "Black Stars".


Colour scheme 		Red Yellow Green Black
CMYK 0-96-84-19 0-17-94-1 100-0-43-58 100-100-100-99
HEX #CF0921 #FCD20F #006B3D #000000
RGB 207-9-33 252-210-15 0-107-61 0-0-0
Flag construction sheet

Ghana's struggle for independence before the national flag

Ghana was one of the countries counted among the West African regions under colonial government rule from the 15th to 19th centuries on the Gold Coast. The history of Ghana can therefore be traced back to the 15th century when Europeans arrived in the region.[27][28] The Portuguese navigators sailed their way down the West African coast and to the shores of the Gold Coast in 1471, where they built a castle for themselves at Elmina in 1482.[29] Other Europeans followed in 1492 to include the sailor from France.[clarification needed] The Europeans brought gold cargo to the shores of the Gold Coast where they traded in gold with the Akwamus and Denkyira who controlled an extensive part of the coast and the forest belt in the 17th century.[30]

In the 18th century, the dominance of the Ashanti Empire of Kumasi took over the gold trade with the British, Dutch and Danes who were the main European traders at the Tano and Volta rivers.[31] The most valuable commodity for exports at the time changed from gold to slaves. Slaves were traded for muskets besides other Western commodities. The Ashantes by then were locally empowered to take control with the Asantehene enthroned on a golden stool as a tradition of the Ashantes. Between 1804 and 1814, the British, Dutch and Danes subsequently outlawed the slave trade, which proved to be a major blow to the Ashanti economy.[32][33][34] Because of the situation, wars were fought in 1820, 1824 and 1870, they were subsequently defeated by British forces who shortly thereafter occupied the region of Kumasi in 1874. The British gradually emerged in the coastal regions as the main European power.[35][36]

The colonial period started from 1902 to 1957. The Ashante Kingdom in 1902 was declared a British crown colony and became the protectorate of the northern territory of the Gold Coast. The colonial government ruled the colony without the involvement of the African populace in the political process. After World War II, the Gold Coast colony became prominent among the Sub-Saharan African countries.[37][38][39] It was when Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast in 1947 after twelve years of political study in the US and Great Britain. The return to the Gold Coast was an invitation for Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah to lead the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) as the General Secretary to lead the campaign for self-government. The UGCC at the time had won the right of the African majority in the British legislative colony. With the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah, a widespread riot began in February 1948.[40][41]

Within the same year, the founding leaders of the UGCC arrested Secretary General Dr. Kwame Nkrumah for an alert of thoughts against Nkrumah's leadership plans. The incident brought a split of the UGCC leadership with Kwame Nkrumah having to found his own Convention People's Party (CPP) in June 1949 for the aim of self-governance for the African people, dubbed "Self-government now". A non-violent campaign of protest and strikes was organised by Kwame Nkrumah in 1950 to achieve his goal.[42][43][44] But the riot led to the second arrest of Kwame Nkrumah.[45] The colony's general election brought a big win to the Convention People's Party in the absence of Kwame Nkrumah, leading to the release of Kwame Nkrumah from prison to join in the governance of the country. Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah then became the Prime Minister of the Gold Coast in 1952.[40] In a vote of the 1956 direct vote of all the electorate members, the British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast in the campaign for preparations towards independence.[46] The Togo and Gold Coast territories attained independence from colonial rule in 1957 under the supreme willpower of Kwame Nkrumah. The name for the country Ghana was then adopted.[47][48]

The years of independence of the Gold Coast started in 1957 with the new name of the country of Ghana emerged.[17] Independence was granted and announced by the then Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah who led the struggle for independence.[40] With Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah as the first President of Ghana, Ghana became a Republic within the Commonwealth of Nations on 1 July 1960.[49]

Theodosia Okoh (The national flag's designer)

Theodosia Salome Abena Kumea Okoh was a renowned Ghanaian artist who has contested and showcased her artistic internationally.[50] She joined the Ghana Hockey Association (GHA) and worked in the role of a chairperson. She was also a patron of the Sports Writer's Association of Ghana (SWAG).[51][2]

Purpose and use of the Ghanaian national flag

The purpose of the Ghanaian national flag was to be a symbol of jubilation during the post-independence era.[52] There were many flags ensembled for Ghana's use. Notably, the Ghanaian national flag described which has been used for many purposes in national and international celebrations, such as the Independence Day Celebration, commemoration of Ghana's Big Six and past leaders of the nations.[53] The flag is raised up flying in the sky to grace glorious occasions while it is usually lowered to fly halfway to show some kind of misfortune that may have hit on the country.[54]

National ensign

Under terms of section 183 of Ghana's Merchant Shipping Act of 1963, the civil ensign is a red flag with the national flag in a black-fimbriated canton. In 2003, a new merchant shipping act was enacted, however, and this simply provides that "the National Flag of Ghana" is the proper national colours for Ghanaian ships. No mention is made of other flags or other possible flags.[55][56]

The naval ensign is a red St. George's Cross on white flag, with the national flag in canton.

Air force ensign and civil air ensign

  • The ensign of the Ghana Air Force
    The ensign of the Ghana Air Force Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag
  • The Ghanaian civil air ensign
    The Ghanaian civil air ensign Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag

The Ghana Air Force has its own ensign that incorporates the flag of Ghana. Civil aviation in Ghana is represented by the national civil air ensign. It is a standard light-blue field with the Ghanaian flag in the canton. It is charged in the fly with either a red, yellow and green roundel (in the case of the military ensign) or black five-pointed star (in the case of the civil ensign). Both have been used since Independence in 1957, and the subsequent founding of the Ghana Air Force in 1959.[57]

History

  • Flag of the Gold Coast, the forerunner to Ghana. Used until 1957.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of the Gold Coast, the forerunner to Ghana. Used until 1957.
  • First flag of the Union of African States with Guinea, used between 1958 and 1961.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag First flag of the Union of African States with Guinea, used between 1958 and 1961.
  • Second flag of the Union of African States, used between 1961 and 1963 (after Mali joined).
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Second flag of the Union of African States, used between 1961 and 1963 (after Mali joined).
  • Ghana national flag (1964–66).
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Ghana national flag (1964–66).
  • Flag of the Presidency of Ghana since 1966. Presidential Standard of Ghana; replicate of the national flag of Ghana with a gold rim.
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag Flag of the Presidency of Ghana since 1966. Presidential Standard of Ghana; replicate of the national flag of Ghana with a gold rim.
  • House flag of Ghana's former national shipping carrier, the Black Star Line
    Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagHouse flag of Ghana's former national shipping carrier, the Black Star Line

The Ghanaian government flag, adopted in 1957, was flown until 1962. Similarly, when the country formed the Union of African States, the flag of the Union was modeled on Bolivia's flag, but with two black stars, representing the nations. In May 1959, a third star was added.[58]

Following the January 1964 constitutional referendum, Ghana adopted a variant of the 1957 tricolour with white in the place of yellow, after the colours of Kwame Nkrumah's ruling and then-sole legal party Convention People's Party, making it similar to the flag of Hungary. The original 1957 flag was reinstated in February 1966 following Nkrumah's overthrow in the February 1966 coup d'état.[59]

When the flag was changed in 1964, popular public demand upon the remembrance of Ghana's rich history agitated for the nation to revert to its use of the original Ghanaian national flag with the red, gold and green colour.[60] The original Ghana national flag which was used in 1957 upon Ghana's independence was reinstated for use in 1966.[61] Ghana was then one of the first countries to adopt the Pan African colours originally used in the Ethiopian flag.[62][63]

See also

References

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Ecatonchiri

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento mitologia greca non è ancora formattata secondo gli standard. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Briareo qui è allegoria della minaccia dei disordini sindacali, in un fumetto politico del 1890 Gli Ecatonchiri (in greco antico: Ἑκατόγχειρες?, Hekatóncheires, che hanno cento mani; in latino Hecatonchīres o Centimanī) sono figure della mitologia greca. ...

Leeds Inner Ring Road

Motorway and road in Leeds, England A64(M)Route informationLength0.5 mi (800 m)Existed1969–presentMajor junctionsEast endQuarry HillMajor intersectionsWest endBrunswick LocationCountryUnited KingdomConstituent countryEnglandPrimarydestinationsLeeds Road network Roads in the United Kingdom Motorways A and B road zones ← A58(M)→ A66(M) A58(M)Route informationLength2.0 mi (3.2 km)Existed1964–presentHistoryConstructed 1964–75Major junctionsEast...

 

Carlo Cesi

Carlo CesiNaissance 17 avril 1622 ou 17 avril 1625AntrodocoDécès 6 janvier 1682 ou 6 janvier 1686RietiActivités Peintre, artiste graphique, graveur, artiste visuelLieu de travail Rome (1645-1686)modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Carlo Cesi, parfois appelé Carlo Cesio, né à Antrodoco le 17 avril 1622 et mort à Rieti le 6 janvier 1682 (à 59 ans)[1] est un graveur et peintre italien actif au XVIIe siècle. Biographie Carlo Cesi, fils de Pietro, originaire de Todi,...

 

1876 Indiana gubernatorial election

Election for the governorship of the U.S. state of Indiana 1876 Indiana gubernatorial election ← 1872 October 10, 1876 1880 →   Nominee James D. Williams Benjamin Harrison Party Democratic Republican Popular vote 213,164 208,080 Percentage 49.06% 47.89% Governor before election Thomas A. Hendricks Democratic Elected Governor James D. Williams Democratic Elections in Indiana Federal government Presidential elections 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1...

Theramenes

Athenian statesman (died 404 BC) This article is about the Athenian statesman. For the stick insect genus, see Theramenes (insect).Theramenes16th century engraving of Theramenes seated next to a young man emptying a flask.Native nameΘηραμένηςDied404/403 BCAthensAllegianceAthensKnown forMember of the Thirty TyrantsBattles/wars Peloponnesian War Battle of Cyzicus Battle of Arginusae Theramenes (/θɪˈræmɪniːz/; Greek: Θηραμένης; died 404/403 BC) was an Athenian milita...

 

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

Heinkel HD 25

HD 25 Heinkel HD 25 of the Imperial Japanese Navy Role Reconnaissance seaplaneType of aircraft National origin Germany Manufacturer Heinkel, Aichi First flight 1926 Introduction 1928 Primary user Imperial Japanese Navy Number built ca. 18 The Heinkel HD 25 was a two-seat shipboard biplane reconnaissance floatplane developed in Germany during the 1920s for production in Japan. Development It was intended to provide a spotter aircraft for warships, to take off from a short ramp since ship...

1994 Japanese electoral reform

The 1994 electoral reform in Japan was a change from the previous single non-transferable vote (SNTV) system of multi-member districts (MMD) to a mixed electoral system of single-member districts (SMD) with plurality voting and a party list system with proportional representation. The reform had three main objectives: change the one-party dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) from the previous 1955 system to a two-party system with alternation in power, reduce the cost of elections ...

 

Mountain Combat Boot

Mountain Combat Boots (MCB) are durable, hiking-style combat boot used by the likes of Mountain troops. The boot is designed for rugged terrain and has the ankle stability, support and mobility required in a mountainous environment. Users Argentina Argentine soldiers have worn Alta Montaña type mountain combat boots during the Falklands war made by El Resero. France French soldier The Chasseurs Alpins wear mountain combat boots on parade. Germany A BW (German) Soldier The Gebirgsjäger wear ...

 

Yasukuni Shrine

Yasukuni redirects here. For the film, see Yasukuni (film). Shinto shrine in Tokyo, Japan Yasukuni Shrine靖國神社Yasukuni JinjaThe haiden (hall of worship)ReligionAffiliationShintoFestivalShunki Reitaisai (spring)Shuki Reitaisai (autumn)TypeChokusaisha(former bekkaku-kanpeisha)LocationLocation3-1-1 Kudankita, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8246Shown within JapanGeographic coordinates35°41′38″N 139°44′34″E / 35.693958°N 139.742692°E / 35.693958; 139.742692Architectu...

Mick Herron

British novelist Herron at St Cecilia's Hall, Edinburgh Mick Herron is a British mystery and thriller novelist. He is the author of the Slough House series, early novels of which have been adapted into the Slow Horses television series. He won the Crime Writers' Association 2013 Gold Dagger for Dead Lions. Early life Herron was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, and educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where he earned a degree in English.[1][2][3] He is one of six ...

 

Steve Turre

American jazz musician Steve Turre on shells, with Libre at the Village Gate (1980s). Steve TurreSteve Turre performing in 2010Background informationBirth nameStephen Johnson TurreBorn (1948-09-12) September 12, 1948 (age 75)Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.GenresJazzOccupation(s)Musician, arranger, educatorInstrument(s)Trombone, conch shellsYears active1970–presentLabelsVerve, Telarc, HighNote, Smoke SessionsWebsitesteveturre.comMusical artist Stephen Johnson Turre (born September 12, 1948, in Om...

 

ダンカン2世 (スコットランド王)

ダンカン2世Duncun II スコットランド国王 ダンカン2世（17世紀画、ホリールード宮殿蔵）在位 1094年5月 - 1094年11月出生 1060年?死去 1094年11月12日 スコットランド王国、モンダインズ埋葬 スコットランド王国、ダンファームリン・アビー配偶者 エセルリーダ・オブ・ノーサンブリア子女 ウィリアム家名 アサル家王朝 アサル朝父親 マルカム3世母親 イーンガボーグテンプレ�...

روبرت س. ريتشاردسون جونيور

روبرت س. ريتشاردسون جونيور   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 27 أكتوبر 1882   تشارلستون  الوفاة 2 مارس 1954 (71 سنة)   روما  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الأولاد روبرت س. ريتشاردسون الثالث  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم الأكاديمية العسكرية الأمريكية (–15 يونيو 1904)كلية القيادة وال...

 

Rhythmicon

Joseph Schillinger and the Rhythmicon (1932) Rhythmicon Example of what a rhythmicon would sound like if all the keys were pressed down. Fundamental = C1. Problems playing this file? See media help. The Rhythmicon—also known as the Polyrhythmophone—was an electro-mechanical musical instrument designed and built by Leon Theremin for composer Henry Cowell, intended to reveal connections between rhythms, pitches and the harmonic series. It used a series of perforated spinning disks, similar ...

 

Caritas in veritate

Caritas in veritateLatin: Amal dalam kebenaranSurat ensiklik dari Paus Benediktus XVI Tanggal29 Juni 2009ArgumenPembangunan manusia seutuhnya dalam amal dan kebenaranHalaman127Nomor ensiklik3 dari 3 dari kepausanNaskahDalam LatinDalam bahasa Inggris←Spe salvi Lumen fidei→ Caritas in veritate (bahasa Indonesia: Amal dalam kebenaran) adalah ensiklik yang ketiga dan terakhir[1] dari Paus Benediktus XVI, dan ensiklik tentang ajaran sosial pertamanya.[2] Ensiklik ini ditandatan...

Torneo di Wimbledon 2009 - Doppio misto

Torneo di Wimbledon 2009Doppio mistoSport Tennis Vincitori Mark Knowles Anna-Lena Grönefeld Finalisti Leander Paes Cara Black Punteggio7-5, 6-3 Tornei Singolare uomini donne (q)   ragazzi ragazze Doppio uomini donne misto ragazzi ragazze 2008 2010 Voce principale: Torneo di Wimbledon 2009. Bob Bryan e Samantha Stosur erano i detentori del titolo ma hanno perso nei quarti di finale contro Mark Knowles e Anna-Lena Grönefeld che hanno poi conquistato il titolo superando in finale Leander ...

 

نادي ميلوز

نادي ميلوز تأسس عام 1893  البلد فرنسا  الدوري الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الرابعة  المدرب غريب أمزين  الموقع الرسمي الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   نادي ميلوز لكرة القدم (بالفرنسية: FC Mulhouse)‏ نادي كرة قدم فرنسي، يلعب في دوري الدرجة الخامسة.[1][2][3] تأسس ...