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Firmin Ayessa (born 2 November 1951^[1]) is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Deputy Prime Minister for Civil Service, State Reform, Labour, and Social Security since 2017. As a long-time associate of President Denis Sassou Nguesso, Ayessa has held a series of key posts at the Presidency of Congo-Brazzaville; he was Director of the Civil Cabinet of the President from 1999 to 2002, deputy director of the Presidential Cabinet from 2002 to 2007, and he was Director of the Presidential Cabinet from 2007 to 2017.

Political career

Ayessa, an ethnic Mbochi,^[2] was born in Ondza, located near Makoua in the north of Congo-Brazzaville.^[1] A journalist by profession, he studied in France; after returning to Congo-Brazzaville, he worked on radio and television beginning in 1977. He then served as an adviser at the Congolese embassy in Paris from 1980 to 1983, and he was appointed as Director of the Cabinet of the Minister of Communication in 1984. Later, he was Director-General of Audiovisuals. In 1990, he joined the Congolese Labour Party (PCT); he was also elected to the PCT Central Committee in 1990.^[3]

Ayessa served as Director of the Congolese Information Agency (ACI) in the early 1990s. He was also editor-in-chief of Aujourd'hui ("Today"), a daily newspaper that described itself as "private and independent of political parties", when it launched on 23 March 1991. The paper launched immediately prior to the opening of the 1991 National Conference, in which the PCT lost power.^[4] Later in 1991, Théodore Kiamossi, who had resigned from the PCT, was appointed to replace Ayessa as Director of the ACI;^[5] Ayessa was then appointed as Communications Adviser to President Denis Sassou Nguesso.^[6] He remained in the latter post until 1992,^[3] when Sassou Nguesso was defeated in a multiparty presidential election and left office.^[7]

In March 1997, he was elected to the Higher Council for the Freedom of Communication.^[3] Sassou Nguesso regained power at the end of the June–October 1997 civil war, and he then appointed Ayessa to the government as Minister for the Organization of the National Forum and Relations with the National Transitional Council, on 2 November 1997.^[2]^[8] Ayessa was subsequently appointed as Director of the Civil Cabinet of the President, with the rank of Minister-Delegate, on 18 January 1999.^[9] He was deputy director of Sassou Nguesso's campaign for the March 2002 presidential election, working under Isidore Mvouba, the campaign director.^[1]^[10]

In the May 2002 parliamentary election, Ayessa was elected to the National Assembly as the PCT candidate in Makoua constituency, located in Cuvette Region;^[11]^[12] he received 70.80% of the vote and won the seat in the first round.^[12] He was then moved from his post as Director of the Civil Cabinet to the post of deputy director of the Cabinet of the President, Head of the Department of Communication, and Spokesman of the President^[3] on 19 August 2002.^[13] Having held a succession of high-level posts under Sassou Nguesso,^[14] Ayessa was considered an influential adviser to the President.^[11]

Ayessa spent nearly five years as deputy director of the President's Cabinet, working under Aimé Emmanuel Yoka. After Yoka was moved to the post of Minister of Justice, President Sassou Nguesso appointed Ayessa to succeed Yoka as Director of the President's Cabinet, with the rank of Minister of State, on 15 May 2007.^[3]^[14]^[15] He officially succeeded Yoka at a ceremony on 22 May 2007.^[16] Ayessa also stood again as the PCT candidate in Makoua in the June 2007 parliamentary election; he won the seat in the first round with 99.59% of the vote.^[17]

In early June 2009, Ayessa was designated as Sassou Nguesso's National Campaign Director for the July 2009 presidential election.^[18] Sassou Nguesso easily won the election amidst an opposition boycott.^[19]

Ayessa presided over the ceremony at which the Ninja militia leader Pasteur Ntoumi, who had earlier led a rebellion against the government, was installed in his office as Delegate-General for the Promotion of the Values of Peace and Repair of the Ravages of War in December 2009. At the ceremony, Ayessa expressed a spirit of reconciliation, congratulating Ntoumi and welcoming the opportunity to work with him.^[20]^[21]

At the PCT's Sixth Extraordinary Congress, held in July 2011, Ayessa was elected to the PCT's 51-member Political Bureau.^[22] In the July–August 2012 parliamentary election, Ayessa again stood as the PCT candidate in Makoua. He won the seat in the first round with 72.75% of the vote.^[23]

Acting as Sassou Nguesso's personal representative, Ayessa headed Congo-Brazzaville's delegation to the swearing in of Catherine Samba-Panza as transitional President of the Central African Republic on 23 January 2014. He praised Samba-Panza and reaffirmed Congo-Brazzaville's commitment to efforts to stabilize and improve the situation in the Central African Republic, which was plagued by violence and disorder.^[24]

Ayessa was national director of Sassou Nguesso's campaign for the March 2016 presidential election.^[25] In the July 2017 parliamentary election, Ayessa stood unopposed as a candidate in Makoua, with no other candidates standing in the constituency.^[26] After 10 years as Director of the Cabinet of the President, he was instead appointed to the government as Deputy Prime Minister for the Civil Service, State Reform, Labour and Social Security on 22 August 2017.^[27]^[28]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Gankama N'Siah, "Portrait - Firmin Ayessa", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, number 749, 9 June 2009, page 2 (in French).
^ ^a ^b Emmanuel Okamba, La gouvernance, une affaire de société: Analyse mythiumétrique de la performance (2010), page 176 (in French).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Firmin Ayessa nommé Ministre d'Etat, Directeur du Cabinet du Président de la République" Archived 2008-12-08 at the Wayback Machine, Congolese Presidency website, 15 May 2007 (in French).
^ Africa Research Bulletin: Political Series (1991), page 10,069.
^ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, issues 2,382–2,394 (1991), page 1,802 (in French).
^ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, issues 2,382–2,394 (1991), page 2,302 (in French).
^ John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 70–72.
^ John F. Clark, The Failure of Democracy in the Republic of Congo (2008), Lynne Rienner Publishers, page 261.
^ "Firmin Ayessa à la tête du cabinet civil du Président de la République", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 19 January 1999 (in French).
^ "Nguesso names campaign director", Panapress, 14 February 2002.
^ ^a ^b "Nepotists' nirvana", Africa Confidential, volume 45, number 9, 30 April 2004.
^ ^a ^b "Elections législatives : les 51 élus du premier tour", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 5 June 2002 (in French). Archive index at the Wayback Machine
^ "Emmanuel Yoka et Firmin Ayessa appelés à diriger le cabinet du président de la République", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 20 August 2002 (in French).
^ ^a ^b "Firmin Ayessa", Jeune Afrique, 21 May 2007 (in French).
^ "La Coordination des associations et réseaux de la société civile du Congo (CARESCO) adresse un message de félicitations au nouveau ministre d'Etat, directeur de cabinet du président de la République", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 18 May 2007 (in French).
^ "Passation de pouvoirs au Cabinet présidentiel : Firmin Ayessa succède à Aimé Emmanuel Yoka", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 22 May 2007 (in French).
^ "Elections législatives : les 44 élus du premier tour", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 2 July 2007 (in French). Archive index at the Wayback Machine
^ "Direction nationale de campagne du candidat Denis Sassou N'Guesso", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 9 June 2009 (in French). Archive index at the Wayback Machine
^ Laudes Martial Mbon, "Sassou Nguesso sweeps back to power in Congo", Agence France-Presse, 15 July 2009.
^ "Congo: l'ex-chef rebelle Ntumi à Brazzaville, après 12 ans dans le Pool", Agence France-Presse, 28 December 2009 (in French).
^ "Retour à Brazzaville du pasteur Ntumi", Radio France Internationale, 29 December 2009 (in French).
^ Joël Nsoni "Denis Sassou Nguesso aux congressistes du P.c.t : «Les élections ne se gagnent pas dans les bureaux. Elles se gagnent sur le terrain»", La Semaine Africaine, 30 July 2011 (in French). Archive index at the Wayback Machine
^ "Résultats du premier tour des élections législatives 2012" Archived 2013-11-03 at the Wayback Machine, La Semaine Africaine, 24 July 2012 (in French).
^ Cyr Armel Yabbat-Ngo, "Prestation de serment de la présidente de transition centrafricaine : Firmin Ayessa a salué la détermination et l’optimisme de Catherine Samba-Panza", La Semaine Africaine, 28 January 2014 (in French).
^ "Direction de campagne du candidat Denis Sassou N'Guesso", ADIAC, 29 February 2016 (in French).
^ Roger Ngombé, "Elections législatives : Des favoris et des duels attendus", ADIAC, 29 June 2017 (in French).
^ "Congo – Gouvernement : 35 membres forment la nouvelle équipe", Les Echos du Congo Brazzaville, 23 August 2017 (in French).
^ Trésor Kibangula, "Congo-Brazzaville : ce qu’il faut retenir du gouvernement Clément Mouamba 2", Jeune Afrique, 23 August 2017 (in French).