Final Fantasy III (2006 video game)

Final Fantasy III
Japanese Nintendo DS cover art
Developer(s)Matrix Software
Square Enix
Publisher(s)Square Enix
Director(s)Hiromichi Tanaka
Producer(s)Tomoya Asano
Artist(s)Akihiko Yoshida
Composer(s)Tsuyoshi Sekito
Keiji Kawamori
SeriesFinal Fantasy
Platform(s)Nintendo DS, iOS, Android, PlayStation Portable, Ouya, Windows Phone, Windows
ReleaseNintendo DS
iOS
  • WW: March 24, 2011[6]
Android
  • WW: March 1, 2012
PlayStation Portable
  • JP: September 20, 2012
  • NA: September 25, 2012
  • PAL: September 26, 2012
Ouya
  • WW: April 11, 2013[7]
Windows Phone
  • WW: December 27, 2013
Windows
  • NA/EU: May 27, 2014
  • JP: February 28, 2020
Genre(s)Role-playing
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Final Fantasy III[a] is a 2006 role-playing video game developed by Matrix Software and published by Square Enix for the Nintendo DS. It is a remake of the 1990 Famicom game Final Fantasy III, and marks the first time the game was released outside of Japan since its original launch.

A port was released for iOS on March 24, 2011. It was followed by an Android port on March 12, 2012, a PlayStation Portable port in late September 2012 (downloadable-only format outside Japan via PlayStation Network) and a Windows port via Steam in 2014 in the west and in 2020 in Japan with further updates.

Plot

Main article: Final Fantasy III § Plot
Main characters of the 3D remake (from left to right): Luneth, Arc, Refia, and Ignus.

The original storyline of Final Fantasy III is retained with some of the changes being that the main characters are more developed, well rounded, and are given unique appearances (designed by Akihiko Yoshida), backstories, personalities and names: Luneth (ルーネス, Rūnesu), an adventurous orphan boy raised in the village of Ur; Arc (アルクゥ, Arukū), Luneth's childhood best friend and a timid yet intelligent young man; Refia (レフィア), a girl raised in the village of Kazus who tires of her father's blacksmith training and often runs away from home, and Ingus (イングズ, Inguzu), a loyal soldier serving the King of Sasune, with a mutual soft spot for the princess Sara.[8]

Development

Following the failure to remake the game for the WonderSwan Color, and Square's merger with former competitor Enix to form Square Enix in 2003, the company posted assurance that the game's promised remake would not be completely forgotten, and there was speculation that it might find its way to Sony's PlayStation or Nintendo's Game Boy Advance as its predecessors had.[9] Square Enix considered porting the game to the PlayStation 2, but was eventually convinced by Nintendo to develop the title for their new handheld system, the Nintendo DS, a decision that would later be positively reinforced by the commercial success of the Nintendo DS.[10] The Final Fantasy III remake was first announced in October 2004, but detailed information did not emerge for a year. Hiromichi Tanaka headed the project as both the executive producer and director. His guidance and supervision were needed because the remake was not a mere graphical update as Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II's remakes were, but a total overhaul using the Nintendo DS's 3D capabilities. Along with 3D graphics, a full motion video opening scene was produced for the game, similar to those found in the ports of the 2D Final Fantasy games for the PlayStation. Programming was handled by developer Matrix Software.[11]

Hiromichi Tanaka and Tomoya Asano

The remake was produced by Tomoya Asano and co-developed by Square Enix and Matrix Software. Ryosuke Aiba (Final Fantasy XI) served as art director, and Akihiko Yoshida (Final Fantasy XII) redesigned the original characters for use in 3D, and designed the look of the new playable characters.[12] The formerly generic and nameless party characters were replaced with more concrete characters with new personalities and background stories, and additional scenes were added to develop their individuality. The main storyline however was not altered significantly.[13] Along with these four, additional characters (called "sub-characters") also join the party temporarily, like in the original. Unlike the original, however, these characters may randomly participate in battle.[14]

The remake features a redesigned job system, which rebalances the classes, adds new abilities and adds a new "Freelancer" class which replaces the "Onion Knight" as the default job at the beginning of the game (Onion Knight is retained as a secret class). It also includes new events, a new crystal and dungeon, and the removal of capacity points. Unlike the original Famicom version, most of the jobs remain useful for the entire game. The ultimate jobs—the Ninja and the Sage—and some of the lesser-used jobs, like the Geomancer, were redesigned to have the same level of abilities as the Warrior. Another addition are special job-specific items available only if a character has fully mastered a certain job.[15]

In place of capacity points, each character incurs a small temporary penalty for switching jobs. This penalty decreases the character's statistics for the next zero to ten battles. This period is called a "Job Transition Phase" and its length is based on how similar the new job is to the old job, and how proficient the character already is at the new job.[15]

The remake uses the Nintendo DS's Wi-Fi to allow the player to send email to others and unlock sidequests.[16] Players are also able to send mail to various characters in the game as well as to other players.[8] An interruption-save option is also available that lets the player turn off the DS and continue when turning it back on. Like in the original, there is no way to make permanent saves while inside a dungeon.[17]

The score was arranged for the Nintendo DS remake by Tsuyoshi Sekito and Keiji Kawamori, working under Uematsu's supervision.[18] The soundtrack was released as an album by NTT Publishing in 2006 as Final Fantasy III Original Soundtrack, with revamped versions of the tracks plus some additional tracks.[19]

An iOS port of the DS remake was released on March 24, 2011 on the App Store. Both the gameplay and graphics were improved, and the sound was remastered, but the Mail/Mognet to other players was removed, with the Onion Knight job available via another quest.[20]

An Android port of the iOS remaster was released in June 2012 on Google Play. A PlayStation Portable port of that same version was released on September 20 the same year, albeit in a downloadable-only format outside Japan where it was released later that month. In April 2013, Square Enix released a high-definition port of the Android version for the Ouya console as a launch title.[21] The Android version was also ported to Windows Phones on December 27, 2013.

An HD port of the mobile version was released for Steam on May 27, 2014 in the west.[22] The Steam version was released in Japan on February 28, 2020, alongside an update for all versions that added an auto battle function, 2x speed mode in battle, improved user interface, and 16:9 and 21:9 widescreen modes.[23]

Reception

The DS remake met with high sales. IGN notes that "interest in FFIII should come as no surprise given...the popularity of the DS".[37] The game sold 500,000 units within the first week in Japan, beating Square Enix's original prediction that they would only sell 350,000.[38] According to Enterbrain, by the end of 2006 the remake sold over 935,000 copies in Japan.[39] As of August 2007, the game has sold 990,000 units in Japan and 460,000 units in North America.[40] By August 2008, it has sold 480,000 units in Europe.[41] This adds up to total worldwide sales of 1.93 million units for the DS version, and 3.33 million units for the Famicom and DS versions combined, as of August 2008. The PSP port sold over 80,000 copies in Japan by the end of 2012.[42]

Reviews of the DS remake of Final Fantasy III were mostly positive, with the game holding an aggregate score of 77% on GameRankings.[24] 1UP.com described the gameplay as an RPG for dedicated RPG enthusiasts, and noted that while the job system had been heavily improved over the original title, it still felt at times very limiting. The review however said that it was important to remember Final Fantasy III as "a slice of history and a missing piece of a blockbuster series", citing that "hardcore RPG players" may enjoy the title more than other Final Fantasy games and calling it "one of the best portable RPGs to date".[28] GameSpy argued that one's enjoyment hinged "entirely on your desire to play a game with decidedly archaic game mechanics that may seem primitive and uninviting" compared to other recent Square Enix titles, noting the game was "quite challenging" and adding that "some people live for this stuff, but others may be annoyed at the game's often unfriendly nature".[32]

GameTrailers criticised the game's simple plot and the party members as generic, but praised the game's scenarios. It additionally noted that while players should expect to have to do some grinding, the game offers lots of areas to explore.[24] IGN described the game as one that may be "amazingly frustrating for the now mainstream Final Fantasy fan", and noted that while the unique concept of the job system was one that "simply blew gamers' minds" at the time, in the contemporary environment, comparing it to Final Fantasy XII's license board system was "literally no contest". The review additionally argued that the remake hampered the game, citing that battles that would take "mere seconds to scroll through" were now "lengthened to nearly a minute". Another complaint was in the game's presentation on the Nintendo DS, noting that the handheld's top screen was inactive for "75% of the game" and that even displaying only artwork on the screen during those periods would have been a preferable outcome. However IGN praised the graphics and musical score, and also stated that the transition from 2D to 3D was "a good call".[34]

The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Final Fantasy III for "Role-Playing Game of the Year" at the 10th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards.[43]

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: ファイナルファンタジーIII, Hepburn: Fainaru Fantajī Surī

References

  1. ^ "Final Fantasy III". Nintendo. 2007. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  2. ^ "「ファイナルファンタジーIII」同梱のニンテンドーDS Liteが限定発売". Famitsu (in Japanese). July 12, 2006. Archived from the original on November 11, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  3. ^ Gantayat, Anoop (August 24, 2006). "FIII Mania in Japan". IGN. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
  4. ^ "Final Fantasy III Confirmed for Australia". IGN. March 21, 2007. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  5. ^ "Final Fantasy III for DS". GameSpot. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
  6. ^ "Final Fantasy III Now Available On iPhone/iPod Touch". IGN. March 24, 2012. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
  7. ^ "Ouya launching with Final Fantasy III". Gamespot. Archived from the original on August 2, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
  8. ^ a b Final Fantasy III Instruction Book. Square Enix. 2006. p. 51.
  9. ^ Andrew Long; Jesse Kanda (2003). "Final Fantasy III Finally On Deck". RPGamer. Archived from the original on November 6, 2006. Retrieved September 4, 2006.
  10. ^ Nix (September 24, 2006). "TGS 2006: Square on Final Fantasy III". IGN. Archived from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
  11. ^ "Creator's Voice - Final Fantasy III" (in Japanese). Nintendo. August 10, 2006. Archived from the original on August 13, 2006. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  12. ^ Square Enix; Matrix Software (November 14, 2006). Final Fantasy III (Nintendo DS). Square Enix Co., Ltd. Scene: staff credits.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "Final Fantasy III Review". PALGN. Archived from the original on June 8, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  14. ^ "Final Fantasy III Review". Eurogamer. December 14, 2006. Archived from the original on January 10, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  15. ^ a b Schmidt, Ken (November 15, 2006). Final Fantasy III Official Strategy Guide. Brady Games. ISBN 0-7440-0848-4.
  16. ^ Shoemaker, Brad (July 20, 2006). "Final Fantasy III Update". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2006.
  17. ^ "Final Fantasy III". Computer and Video Games. Archived from the original on May 10, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  18. ^ "Final Fantasy III". Square Enix. January 1, 2006. Archived from the original on August 29, 2006. Retrieved August 31, 2006.
  19. ^ Gann, Patrick (October 5, 2006). "Final Fantasy III OST". RPGFan. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2008.
  20. ^ "『ファイナルファンタジー III』iPhone版の画像独占大量入手". Famitsu (in Japanese). Enterbrain. February 24, 2011. Archived from the original on February 25, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
  21. ^ Karmali, Luke (July 31, 2012). "Final Fantasy III Launching on Ouya - IGN". IGN. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  22. ^ Final Fantasy III coming to Steam with achievements and enhanced graphics Archived May 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "FINAL FANTASY III - new patch released today | Square Enix Blog". February 28, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  24. ^ a b c "Final Fantasy III for DS". GameRankings. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on August 2, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  25. ^ "Final Fantasy III for DS Reviews". Metacritic. Red Ventures. Archived from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  26. ^ "Final Fantasy III for iPhone/iPad Reviews". Metacritic. Red Ventures. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  27. ^ "Final Fantasy III for PC Reviews". Metacritic. Red Ventures. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  28. ^ a b Parish, Jeremy (November 10, 2006). "Final Fantasy III (Nintendo DS)". 1UP.com. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  29. ^ "Final Fantasy - famitsu Scores Archive". Famitsu Scores Archive. Archived from the original on July 14, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  30. ^ Sal Romano (September 11, 2012). "Famitsu Review Scores: Issue 1240". Gematsu. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
  31. ^ "Review: Final Fantasy III". GamePro. November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on September 16, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  32. ^ a b "Final Fantasy III (DS)". GameSpy. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  33. ^ "Final Fantasy III". GameTrailers. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  34. ^ a b Bozon, Mark (November 14, 2006). "Final Fantasy III Review". IGN. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  35. ^ "Final Fantasy III review". Nintendo Power. January 2007. p. 103.
  36. ^ Nelson, Jared (March 24, 2011). "'Final Fantasy III' Review – The Definitive Version of a Classic RPG". TouchArcade. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
  37. ^ "FFIII Mania in Japan". IGN. 2006. Archived from the original on February 17, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
  38. ^ "Final Fantasy Tops Half Million". IGN. 2006. Archived from the original on May 6, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
  39. ^ "2006年ゲームソフト年間売上TOP500" [2006 Game Software Annual Sales Top 500]. Famitsū Gēmu Hakusho 2007 ファミ通ゲーム白書2007 [Famitsu Game Whitebook 2007] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Enterbrain. 2007. p. 387. ISBN 978-4-7577-3577-4. JPNO 21240454. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015.
  40. ^ "Annual Report 2007" (PDF). Square Enix. August 6, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2008. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  41. ^ "Annual Report 2008" (PDF). Square Enix. August 8, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2008. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  42. ^ "2012年ゲームソフト年間売上TOP1000" [2012 Game Software Annual Sales Top 1000]. Famitsū Gēmu Hakusho 2013 ファミ通ゲーム白書2013 [Famitsu Game Whitebook 2013] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Enterbrain. May 31, 2013. p. 384. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015.
  43. ^ "2007 Awards Category Details Role-Playing Game of the Year". interactive.org. Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. Retrieved November 8, 2023.

Read other articles:

Bunsaku Arakatsu

Bunsaku ArakatsuLahir(1890-03-25)25 Maret 1890JepangMeninggal25 Juni 1973(1973-06-25) (umur 83)JepangNama lain荒勝文策, あらかつ ぶんさくPekerjaanFisikawan Jepang Bunsaku Arakatsu (荒勝文策code: ja is deprecated , あらかつ ぶんさく, 25 Maret 1890 – 25 Juni 1973) adalah seorang profesor fisika Jepang, dalam Program Penelitian Energi Atom Jepang Perang Dunia II di Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang. Arakatsu adalah mantan murid Albert Einstein. Karier Pada 1928...

 

 

الدوري العراقي الممتاز 1990–91

الدوري العراقي الممتاز السلسلة دوري نجوم العراق  الموسم 1990–91 البلد العراق  الفرق 17   الفائز الزوراء(اللقب الرابع) هابطون الجيشالبحري هداف الدوري كريم صدام(20 هدف) 1989–90 1991–92 تعديل مصدري - تعديل   دوري أندية العراق للدرجة الأولى 1990–91 هي الموسم السابع عشر من الدوري ...

 

 

Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Astronomical observatory in Massachusetts, US CfA redirects here. For the fast food chain, see Chick-fil-A. For other uses, see CFA. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & SmithsonianCfA Headquarters in Cambridge, MassachusettsAbbreviationCfAEstablished1973PurposeResearch in astronomy, astrophysics, Earth, and space sciencesHeadquarters60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United StatesDirectorLisa KewleyStaff 850+Websitewww.cfa.harvard.eduFormerly calledHarvard-Smithsonian Center for...

Georgia State Capitol

State capitol building of the U.S. state of Georgia United States historic placeGeorgia State CapitolU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. National Historic LandmarkAtlanta Honorary Landmark Building West side of the Georgia State CapitolShow map of Downtown AtlantaShow map of AtlantaShow map of GeorgiaShow map of the United StatesLocation206 Washington St SW, Atlanta, GeorgiaCoordinates33°44′57″N 84°23′17″W / 33.74905°N 84.38813°W / 33.74905; -84.3...

 

 

Main Tera Hero

Main Tera HeroPoster rilis teatrikalSutradaraDavid DhawanProduserShobha KapoorEkta KapoorDitulis olehSantosh SrinivasPemeranVarun DhawanIleana D'CruzNargis FakhriNaratorSalman KhanPenata musikSajid-WajidPenyuntingNitin Madhukar RokadePerusahaanproduksiBalaji Motion PicturesDistributorT-SeriesTanggal rilis 04 April 2014 (2014-04-04) Durasi128 menit[1]NegaraIndiaBahasaHindiAnggaran₹42,5 crore (US$6,0 juta)Pendapatankotor₹71 crore (US$10 juta)worldwide[2]...

 

 

Jack Ryan (TV series)

American television series Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan redirects here. For the fictional universe, see Ryanverse. For the fictional character, see Jack Ryan (character). For other uses, see Jack Ryan (disambiguation). Jack RyanPromotional poster for the first seasonAlso known asTom Clancy's Jack RyanGenre Action Drama Political thriller Spy thriller Created by Carlton Cuse Graham Roland Based onCharactersby Tom ClancyStarring John Krasinski Wendell Pierce Abbie Cornish Ali Suliman Dina Shihabi Joh...

Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast

Town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia For other places with the same name, see Kirovsk. Town in Murmansk Oblast, RussiaKirovsk КировскTown[1]View of Kirovsk Coat of armsLocation of Kirovsk KirovskLocation of KirovskShow map of RussiaKirovskKirovsk (Murmansk Oblast)Show map of Murmansk OblastCoordinates: 67°37′N 33°39′E / 67.617°N 33.650°E / 67.617; 33.650CountryRussiaFederal subjectMurmansk Oblast[1]Founded1929Town status sinceOctober 30, ...

 

 

Haute mer

Les zones maritimes du droit international de la mer. On désigne par eaux internationales ou par haute mer, ce dernier terme étant le seul employé en droit de la mer, les zones maritimes qui ne sont sous l'autorité d'aucun État (par opposition aux « eaux sous juridiction d'un État côtier »). Plus précisément, il s'agit de toutes les parties de la mer qui ne sont « ni dans les eaux sous juridiction d’un État (ZEE, ZPE, ZPP…), ni au sein de la mer territoriale d'...

 

 

Furness College, Barrow-in-Furness

This article is about the further education college in Cumbria, including Barrow Sixth Form College. For the residential college at Lancaster University, see Furness College, Lancaster. Further education school in Sixth Form Campus, Rating Lane, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, EnglandFurness College Channelside CampusAddressChannelside Campus, Channelside, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England, LA14 2PJSixth Form Campus, Rating Lane, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England, LA13 9LEInformationTypeFurth...

Lunarcrete

Hypothetical aggregate building material, similar to concrete, formed from lunar regolith Laboratory-determined properties for lunarcrete[1][2] Compressive strength 39–75.7 N/mm2 (MPa) Young's modulus 21.4 kN/mm2 Density 2.6 g/cm3 Temperature coefficient 5.4 × 10−6 K−1 Lunarcrete, also known as mooncrete, an idea first proposed by Larry A. Beyer of the University of Pittsburgh in 1985, is a hypothetical construction aggregate, similar to concrete, formed from l...

 

 

Matilde Siracusano

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento politici italiani non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Matilde Siracusano Sottosegretaria di Stato al Dipartimento per i rapporti con il ParlamentoIn caricaInizio mandato2 novembre 2022 ContitolareGiuseppina Castiello Capo del governoGiorgia Meloni Pred...

 

 

دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني 1990–91

دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني 1990–91 تفاصيل الموسم دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني  النسخة 61  البلد الأرجنتين  المنظم الاتحاد الأرجنتيني لكرة القدم  البطل نيولز أولد بويز  عدد المشاركين 20   دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني 1989–90  دوري الدرجة الأولى الأرجنتيني...

Marcato

For the surname, see Marcato (surname). Musical instruction The vertical wedge on the first note indicates marcato (It. marcatissimo or martellato), while the horizontal wedge on the second indicates an accent (It. marcato).Marcato (short form: Marc.; Italian for marked) is a musical instruction indicating a note, chord, or passage is to be played louder or more forcefully than the surrounding music. The instruction may involve the word marcato itself written above or below the staff or it ma...

 

 

Ubaldo Oppi

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento pittori italiani non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Autoritratto di Ubaldo Oppi Ubaldo Oppi (Bologna, 29 luglio 1889 – Vicenza, 25 ottobre 1942) è stato un pittore italiano, fra gli iniziatori del movimento artistico del Novecento nel 1922 a Milano[...

 

 

مجزرة جنين

مجزرة جنين جزء من عملية الدرع الواقي  التاريخ 2002  البلد دولة فلسطين  الموقع جنين  32°27′37″N 35°18′05″E / 32.460289°N 35.301356°E / 32.460289; 35.301356   تعديل مصدري - تعديل   32°27′37.04″N 35°18′4.88″E / 32.4602889°N 35.3013556°E / 32.4602889; 35.3013556 عنتصندوق حملة الانتفاضة الفل...

Beaumesnil (Eure)

Beaumesnilcomune delegato (dettagli) Beaumesnil – VedutaIl castello LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Normandia Dipartimento Eure ArrondissementBernay CantoneBernay ComuneMesnil-en-Ouche TerritorioCoordinate49°01′N 0°43′E49°01′N, 0°43′E (Beaumesnil) Altitudine128 – 186 m s.l.m. Superficie12,55 km² Abitanti630[1] (2009) Densità50,2 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale27410, 27330 e 27270 Fuso orarioUTC+1 Codice INSEE27049 Cartografia...

 

 

Kingdom of Toledo (Crown of Castile)

Former country Kingdom of Toledo redirects here. Not to be confused with Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. For the Muslim taifa formed after the dissolution of the Caliphate of Córdoba, whose capital was Toledo, see Taifa of Toledo. Holy Toledo redirects here. For other uses, see Holy Toledo (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sou...

 

 

Chera dynasty

300s BCE–1100s CE dynasty in ancient South India Chera and Cheras redirect here. For other uses, see Chera (disambiguation) and Cheras (disambiguation). Chera dynastyCēra vamcamc. 200s BCE–1100s CE Insignia CapitalEarly Cheras Vanchi Muziris Kongu Cheras Karur Chera Perumals Mahodayapuram Common languages Old Tamil Middle Tamil Karintamil Religion Hinduism Buddhism Jainism Demonym(s)CheranGovernmentMonarchyHistory • Established c. 200s BCE• Disestablished 1100s CE...

Children of the Chapel

Children of the Chapel in their red uniforms at the National Service of Remembrance at the Cenotaph in London. The Children of the Chapel are the boys with unbroken voices, choristers, who form part of the Chapel Royal, the body of singers and priests serving the spiritual needs of their sovereign wherever they were called upon to do so. They were overseen by the Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. The Children of the Chapel Royal Thomas Edwards was a chorister alongside John Blow an...

 

 

Scarlino

Comune in Tuscany, ItalyScarlinoComuneComune di Scarlino Coat of armsLocation of Scarlino ScarlinoLocation of Scarlino in ItalyShow map of ItalyScarlinoScarlino (Tuscany)Show map of TuscanyCoordinates: 42°54′N 10°51′E / 42.900°N 10.850°E / 42.900; 10.850CountryItalyRegionTuscanyProvinceGrosseto (GR)FrazioniPian d'Alma, Puntone di Scarlino, Scarlino ScaloGovernment • MayorFrancesca TravisonArea[1] • Total88.29 km2 (34.09 ...