Father Millet Cross

The Father Millet Cross is a memorial on the grounds of Fort Niagara in Youngstown, New York. The 18-foot (5.5 m) bronze cross is a replacement for the wooden cross erected by Pierre Millet at the New French Fort Denonville in 1688.^[1] During the preceding winter, disease and starvation overwhelmed the fort's garrison of a hundred men and only twelve of them were saved by a rescue party. Father Millet, a Jesuit missionary, was with this rescue party. On Good Friday (April 16) he celebrated Mass and erected and dedicated a cross invoking God's mercy for the plague-stricken men.^[2] On the beam of the cross is inscribed: "REGN. VINC. IMP. CHRS." an abbreviation for Regnat, Vincit, Imperat, Christus which is Latin for Christ reigns, conquers, and commands.^[1]^[3]

On September 5, 1925, Calvin Coolidge set aside an 18-foot square section (324 ft², 30.1 m², or 0.0074 acres) of Fort Niagara Military Reservation "for the erection of another cross commemorative of the cross erected and blessed by Father Millett [sic]."^[4]^[5] It was the smallest-ever national monument in the United States.^[1]^[6] In 1926 the New York State Knights of Columbus dedicated the memorial cross "not only to Father Millet but to those other priests whose heroism took Christianity into the wilderness and whose devotion sought to create in this new world a new France."^[2] It stands on the shore of Lake Ontario just west of the fort's north redoubt.

Father Millet Cross National Monument was originally administered by the War Department but was transferred to the National Park Service in 1933 by executive order.^[7] In 1945, Fort Niagara was declared surplus by the U.S. Army and plans were laid to convert the site to a state park. On September 7, 1949, Congress abolished the national monument and transferred the memorial to the state of New York for public use as part of Fort Niagara State Park.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Borresen, Thor (July 1939), "Father Millet Cross: America's Smallest National Monument", The Regional Review, vol. III, no. 1, National Park Service, archived from the original on 2008-07-26, retrieved 2009-05-18
^ ^a ^b Glimpses of Historical Areas East of the Mississippi River Administered by the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1937, retrieved 2009-05-18
^ "Christ reigns, wins, and rules."
^ Thomas Alan Sullivan, ed. (1947), Proclamations and Orders Relating to the National Park Service: Up to January 1, 1945 (PDF), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 181, retrieved 2016-06-21^{[permanent dead link]} (Proclamation No. 1745—Sept. 5, 1925—44 Stat. 2582)
^ This was similar to the purpose of the Cabrillo National Monument proclamation.
^ Antiquites Act: Monument List, National Park Service Archeology Program, retrieved 2009-05-20. (The next smallest is African Burial Ground at 0.345 acres (1,400 m²).)
^ Thomas Alan Sullivan, ed. (1944), Laws Relating to the National Park Service: Supplement I, July 1933 through April 1944 (PDF), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 205–207, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-06, retrieved 2009-05-18 [Executive Order No. 6228 of July 28, 1933 (5 U.S.C. secs. 124-132)]
^ Hillory A. Tolson, ed. (1963), Laws Relating to the National Park Service: Supplement II, May 1944 to January 1963 (PDF), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 416, retrieved 2009-05-18 (63 Stat. 691)