Ertuğrul Bey (fictional character)

Ertuğrul ghazi
Diriliş: Ertuğrul character
Kuruluş: Osman
character
Engin Altan Düzyatan as Ertuğrul in Diriliş: Ertuğrul
First appearance"Pilot" (Diriliş: Ertuğrul)
(2014)
Last appearance"Gaziler Sultanı Gidiyor" (Kuruluş: Osman) (2021)
Based onErtuğrul
Adapted byMehmet Bozdağ
Portrayed byEngin Altan Düzyatan (Diriliş: Ertuğrul)
Tamer Yiğit (Kuruluş: Osman)
In-universe information
Full nameSüleyman Şah oğlu Ertuğrul Bey[nb 1]
AliasErtuğrul Gazi (in Kuruluş: Osman)
Position
Affiliation
Family
SpousesHalime Hatun
İlbilge Hatun
Children
ReligionIslam
NationalityOğuz Turkish

Ertuğrul Bey is the main protagonist in the Turkish TV series, Diriliş: Ertuğrul, portrayed by Engin Altan Düzyatan. He also appears in the sequel, Kuruluş: Osman, where he is played by Tamer Yiğit and is referred to as Ertuğrul Gazi.[1] The character is based on Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I.

Background

Flag of the Kayı tribe

Ertuğrul was born as the third son of Süleyman Şah and the second biological son of Hayme Hatun. He was originally looked after by his uncle, Korkut Bey, when his father was fighting in a war. As a youngster, he found three orphaned boys in a forest, Turgut Alp, Bamsı Beyrek and Doğan Alp, bringing them to the tribe and growing up with them as adoptive brothers. Ertuğrul had a taste of tragedy early in his life as his brother Sungurtekin Bey was captured by Mongols and presumed dead, not to return for many years. Growing up, he was the subject of romantic affection from his adoptive sister Gökçe, before rescuing a Selçuk princess, Halime, from Templars while out on a hunt.

Personality

Ertuğrul's official character description on the TRT 1 website states; "The son of Suleyman Shah, Ertugrul is a brave warrior who fights for his dreams and ideals. He is the protector of the oppressed, willing to sacrifice his life for the cause of justice."[2]

Storyline

Season 1

Süleyman Şah, Bey of the Kayı sends his son, Ertuğrul, to ask for land from the Emir of Aleppo. This is made almost impossible when the Kayı are put in a series of problems with the Templars after saving Şehzade Numan, Halime Sultan, and Şehzade Yiğit because of the traitor in the Emir's palace, Nasır, who works for the Templars but is later killed by Ertuğrul and the truth is shown to the Emir, with Ertuğrul having to stay hidden for days as a fugitive in Aleppo to show this. Ertuğrul also rids the tribe of his devious uncle, Kurdoğlu, Süleyman Şah's blood brother, after initially struggling to convince his father and his brother Gündoğdu of his evil. Ertuğrul, who loves Halime, marries her after much difficulty, including rivalry with El Aziz. Selcan's husband, Gündoğdu becomes jealous of his brother Ertuğrul as he is respected as the tribe hero but gradually calms down. Towards the end of the season, Kurdoğlu is beheaded by Ertuğrul , Ertuğrul successfully defeats the Templars and captures their castle, being nominated as Chief Alp in his father's will. This is followed by Süleyman Şah's death, much to Ertuğrul's sorrow, and the tribe's migration to Erzurum as part of Süleyman Şah's will before he died.[3]

Season 2

Ertuğrul faces the Mongols, led by Baycu Noyan, who destroyed nearly his entire tribe. After Ertuğrul is captured and has his hand nailed by Noyan, when he escapes, he finds his tribe settled with his uncle Korkut of Dodurga. Due to his hand injury, the council Beys of both tribes, including Korkut, Hayme and Gündoğdu, select Ertuğrul’s cousin Tuğtekin as Chief Alp of both tribes, overriding Süleyman Şah’s will and angering Ertuğrul. As Ertuğrul’s alp Abdurrahman is falsely accused by the Dodurgas of treachery and is imprisoned. Ertuğrul, with the help of Artuk Bey, the only Dodurga to support him, breaks him out. Hayme, under pressure from the Dodurgas, exiles Ertuğrul for this. Whilst in exile, Ertuğrul learns his brother Sungurtekin is alive. Meanwhile, Korkut Bey’s brother-in-law, Gümüştekin, arrives and slanders Ertuğrul with various charges, sentencing him to death in a show trial, before Ertuğrul is saved by his alps. Gümüştekin later has Korkut Bey poisoned to death, and is only caught and executed after Ertuğrul convinces the new Dodurga Bey Tuğtekin of his evil, with the help of Sungurtekin, having returned to the tribe. Meanwhile, Halime prematurely gives birth to Ertuğrul’s first son Gündüz, while Noyan is thought-killed by Ertuğrul. As Ertuğrul refuses to accept Gündoğdu as the new Bey, he forms a breakaway tribe, migrating to the western border of the Selçuk state with various members of his family, Artuk Bey, a group of alps and 400 others.

Season 3

After migrating to the west and becoming the Bey, Ertuğrul faces Ural of the rich Çavdar trade-veterans. Although Ural isn't the Bey of his tribe, he seeks more and more power, becoming jealous of Ertuğrul for his bravery and closeness to the Sultan. Meanwhile, the Templars who have infiltrated Hanlı Pazar, led by Hancı Simon, seek to kill Ertuğrul as he did to the Templars years back. Ertuğrul defeats Hancı Simon and conquers Hanlı Pazar, leaving Ural more jealous than ever. However, Ural is soon accused of killing the Tekfur of Karacahisar and killing Ertuğrul’s alps and is sentenced to death, although he is saved by the devious Emir Sadettin with the support of Ural’s sister Aslıhan, who holds a grudge against Ertuğrul for declining to marry her. After the death of his father Candar Bey, Ural seeks help from the new Tekfur of Karacahisar, Vasilius, who wants to rid the Turks of the land, but Ural is killed by Ertuğrul, with the help of Ural’s noble brother Aliyar, in an attempt to become the Bey of the Çavdar. After Vasilius kills Aliyar and Ertuğrul’s adoptive brother Doğan Alp, he is killed by a vengeful Ertuğrul. With Ertuğrul’s second son Savcı Bey being born, the Sultan makes Ertuğrul the Uç Bey angering Emir Sadettin who vows to end Ertuğrul, unsuccessfully framing him for poisoning the Sultan. At the end of the season, Ertuğrul falls into an ambush set by the new Tekfur of Karacahisar, Ares.

Season 4

After being ambushed and wounded by Ares, it is believed that Ertuğrul is dead despite him actually being captured by some slave traders. After Ertuğrul escapes the slave traders and learns that Ares was his attacker, he returns to the Kayı tribe and exiles his brother Dündar for trying to sell Hanlı Pazar and leave the Byzantine border in his absence. After Ertuğrul's son, Gündüz, is kidnapped by Ares, Ertuğrul rescues him and declares war against Karacahisar and is successful in conquering it. Following Ares' capture, Ertuğrul takes him to the Sultan and tells him to confess to the Sultan about Sadettin Köpek's misdeeds. The plan nearly works but Köpek is saved by the Sultan's wife, Mahperi, and leads to an event turning Ares into a Muslim and an ally of Ertuğrul. Meanwhile, Ertuğrul's brother Sungurtekin returns, helping him against Köpek’s schemes, while the Sultan is poisoned to death by Köpek, with Köpek framing Ertuğrul for his murder. After Ertuğrul is absolved of the murder, he allies with the new Sultan, Gıyaseddın, and defeats Köpek’s treachery, eventually beheading him. Following this, Ertuğrul faces the return of his old enemy Noyan, who kills Ahmet Alp (formerly Ares), but is successful in defeating him and his devious sister, Alangoya, who attempted to kill Ertuğrul's newborn son, Osman. Halime dies giving birth to Osman, devastating Ertuğrul greatly, and briefly leaving Ertuğrul without milk for his son. At the end of the season, Ertuğrul leads the Kayıs to migrate to Söğüt.

Season 5

In a Mongol-controlled Selçuk state, Ertuğrul faces many Mongol enemies including Alıncak and Arikbuka, along with the Selçuk assassin working with the Mongols, Beybolat. Beybolat is disguised with the name 'Albastı' and he arrives to cause chaos for Ertuğrul and his comrades, persecuting Ertuğrul’s returned brother Gündoğdu together with Alıncak. Beybolat causes many problems for Ertuğrul, including taking Ertuğrul’s control over Söğüt for a while, and murdering his nephew Süleyman Alp, son of Gündoğdu. A Byzantine commander, Dragos, also causes problems for Ertuğrul after taking over Lefke Castle, not letting him know who he even is. İlbilge, Beybolat's sister, becomes the only person in her family supporting justice and allies with Ertuğrul against Beybolat, Dragos and the Mongols, helping him defeat them. Following Beybolat's death, Ertuğrul faces Arikbuka, a feared Mongol spy and Alıncak's blood brother, who serves Hulagu Han. Meanwhile, Ertuğrul allies with Berke Han, Hulagu’s cousin and the Han of the Golden Horde. Meanwhile, Ertuğrul and a wiser Gündoğdu plan together to start a war between Berke and Hulagu. The season ends with the death of Arikbuka along with Ertuğrul's marriage to İlbilge Hatun.

In Kuruluş: Osman

In the first season of Kuruluş: Osman, he is only mentioned, mostly by Abdurrahman Gazi, said to be very ill. He also leaves his Beylik in the hands of his brother Dündar, fulfilling the promise he gave of a bigger duty when he first exiled him. However, this leads to chaos and division in the tribe, with Dündar constantly being fooled by Alişar Bey and the Margarit Monks. When he returns in the second season, following the offscreen deaths of his mother Hayme and half-brother Gündoğdu, and the presumed deaths of his wife İlbilge and brother Sungurtekin, Dündar is exiled to Söğüt for a while and Ertuğrul faces his younger brother-in-law and "son" Yavlak Arslan, who attempts to take over Söğüt but later repents and allies with Ertuğrul's son Osman. Ertuğrul also faces Tekfur Aya Nikola of İnegöl, before he becomes severely unwell, which leads to rivalry between his sons and brother, before Ertuğrul’s death in "Gaziler Sultanı Gidiyor". He also leaves plans for his son Osman to continue his legacy as Bey, including leaving a will for him to marry a second wife.[4]

Positions

Ertuğrul was appointed as the Alpbaşı, leader of the alps of his tribe by his father, Süleyman Şah. He also became the Bey of his own Kayı tribe after he migrated to Western Anatolia breaking apart from his elder brothers. Sultan Alaeddin Keykubat also made him the Uç Bey after he defeated Tekfur Vasilius. He was later also made the ruler of Söğüt and its surroundings as an Uç Bey.

Historical accuracy

He was the father of Osman Gazi, founder of [the] Ottoman Empire, which ruled the world for 600 years. And, actually, we do not have too much [sic] sources about that era. Our sources are just about 7 pages... We know that he was a real hero. For him, the limits were not an obstacle.[5]

In Diriliş: Ertuğrul, Ertuğrul's character arc is loosely based on the details of his real life, with events such as the Division of the Kayı tribe and Ertuğrul’s conquest of Karacahisar Castle being depicted in the series. Ertuğrul's rule over Söğüt, the first Ottoman capital, as an Uç Bey is also depicted. He is also widely accepted to have been the father of Osman I,[6] as depicted in the series and its sequel.[7][better source needed]

Minted coins by Osman I, indicating the existence of Ertuğrul and that the father of Ertuğrul was Gündüz

However, with the details of much of Ertuğrul's life unclear, much of his character arc in the two series is based on relatively recent Ottoman genealogies, in regards to his family, or merely written by the producers.[citation needed] For instance, Ertuğrul's marriage to Halime Hatun is depicted in the show, although Halime dies giving birth to Osman, contradicting the historical reality where she is believed to outlive Ertuğrul.[citation needed] Meanwhile, Ertuğrul’s marriage to İlbilge Hatun in the series has no historical basis, with İlbilge herself being loosely based on an 8th century Göktürk Turkic khatun, El Bilga.[8][9][10]

16th century miniature of Ertuğrul

Ertuğrul's connections with other historical characters are another feature of his portrayal in the show that is mostly disputed by historians, given that his connections with the Seljuks were likely to have been at least partially fabricated by Ottoman writers to create a sense of continuity between the two historical Turkic states.[11][better source needed] He is highly unlikely to have had any interaction with İbn-i-Arabi or Emir El Aziz, and his connections with the fictional Bamsı Beyrek and Doğan Alp were created by the producers,[12] although he was affiliated with the early Ottoman warriors Turgut Alp and Abdurrahman Gazi. The identity of his father is also largely believed to be Gündüz Alp by historians,[13][better source needed] rather than Süleyman Şah (Suleyman Shah) as portrayed.

Casting

Engin Altan Düzyatan refused an offer to play Ertuğrul twice before Diriliş: Ertuğrul producer and writer Mehmet Bozdağ convinced him.[14][better source needed] Bozdağ has said there will be a surprise about this character in Kuruluş: Osman while Engin Altan Düzyatan has also said that he may give a surprise in the series but "no clear decision can be made".[15] Ertuğrul was at first thought to appear in season 1, then when he didn't appear, he was still thought to be played by Engin Altan but appear in season 2. Some other rumours indicated that Ediz Hun will play his role.[16][17] The character's appearance was confirmed at this point. Then when the first trailer was released, it was confirmed that Tamer Yiğit would be playing the role of Ertuğrul.[1]

Reception

In 2020, Engin Altan Düzyatan went on a short visit to Pakistan, where the series is extremely popular, accepting the invitation of a private business company.[18] Pakistan's Make-A-Wish Foundation arranged a meeting between Düzyatan and three young terminally ill fans;[19] when there, Engin said, "Thank you very much, I can see I inspired you and I am very happy for this love."[20] After signing an agreement with the Lahore-based Chaudhary Group of Companies,[21] of which he was a brand ambassador, he visited Lahore and became one of the top discussions on social media and one of his pictures with a lion went viral.[22] He was treated with "a flood of love" while the Pakistani army had to protect him to avoid a stampede of people coming up to him.[23] Engin Altan returned to Turkey when TikTok star, Kashif Zameer struck a deal of a million dollars but only paid 5 thousand back.[24] Despite this fraud, it is rumoured that he will return to Pakistan soon, this was surprisingly said by Mian Kashif Zameer himself,[25] after a clip went viral of his "pleasant memories".[26] Düzyatan also wishes to appear in a Pakistani drama series one day, "if it has a good story."[27] 2 statues of Ertuğrul on horseback inspired by Diriliş: Ertuğrul were placed by a private cooperative housing society in Lahore, Pakistan in 2020.[28][29] A bust of Ertuğrul was erected in Ordu, Turkey in 2020. It was removed by local authorities after it was pointed out that it resembled Düzyatan.[30][31]

Mustafa Hanif, a Pakistani Youtuber, was noted for being an "Ertugrul look-alike".[32]

Engin Altan Düzyatan has also been featured in 2020 in 'The Muslim 500' as one of the most influential Muslims[33] because of the series[34] and parents have even began to name their children Ertuğrul.[13]

Despite the fact that another actor was playing the role of Ertuğrul in Kuruluş: Osman, leaving many fans disappointed,[35] his character was well-received and his death in the series was considered "emotional"[36] even by the actor portraying Bamsı Bey, Nurettin Sönmez.[37]

Accolades

In 2016, Engin Altan Düzyatan won the Magazinci Awards in the category Male TV Series Actor of the Year.[38] Engin Altan Düzyatan received a total of 4 nominations for the Turkey Youth Awards, all in the same category of Best TV Series Actor, one in 2016, another in 2017.[39][40] For the Golden Butterfly Awards, he got 2 nominations for The Best Actor and Best Performance by an Actor in 2016.[41][42][43] Düzyatan also won an award in the categories Supporting TV Series Actor of the Year and Male TV Series Actor of the Year, respectively for the Golden Palm Awards.[44] Düzyatan also won the Quality of Magazine Award in the category Actor Award.[45] In 2016, he received two other awards, Makinistanbul Media, Art and Sports Award, in the category Best TV series Actor,[46] and the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts High School Award for being the Most Successful Actor of the Year.[47] In 2019, he also received an international award named the Distinctive International Arab Festival Award (DIAFA) for being the Best International Actor.[48]

In other media

Ertuğrul has been portrayed in the Turkish television series Kuruluş/Osmancık [tr] (1988), adapted from a novel by the same name.[49]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ transl. Ertuğrul Bey, son of Süleyman Şah
  2. ^ Similar to a margrave or an Emir.
  3. ^ also known as the "White Beards".

References

  1. ^ a b "Meet the actor who played Ertugrul Bey in 'Kurulus Osman'". Daily Times. 20 December 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  2. ^ "The Resurrection of a Nation - TRT 1". www.trtertugrul.com. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  3. ^ "Diriliş "Ertuğrul" - TRT (in Turkish)". Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  4. ^ "Episode 42". www.dizicentral.com. 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  5. ^ Haider, Sadaf (15 October 2019). "What is Dirilis Ertugrul and why does Imran Khan want Pakistanis to watch it?". Dawn. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  6. ^ "Sultans - Osman Gazi". theottomans.org. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  7. ^ "Is Diriliş: Ertuğrul Historically Accurate? (Part 1-The Kayi Tribe)". ammaribnazizahmed.com. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  8. ^ "İlbilge Hatun tarihte kimdir? İlbilge Hatun'un hayatı…". www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). 6 March 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Tarihte İlbilge Hatun'un hayatı… İlbilge Hatun kimdir?". www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). 21 November 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  10. ^ "İlbilge Hatun kimdir? Diriliş Ertuğrul'da İlbilge Hatun ve Ertuğrul Bey evlendi mi?". aksam.com.tr (in Turkish). 30 May 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  11. ^ Gürpınar, Doğan (2012). "Anatolia's eternal destiny was sealed: Seljuks of Rum in the Turkish national(ist) imagination from the late Ottoman Empire to the Republican era". European Journal of Turkish Studies. 37. doi:10.4000/ejts.4547.
  12. ^ MPolitiqs (17 April 2020). "How Historically Accurate is the Ertugrul Drama Series?". Muslim Politiqs. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  13. ^ a b "'Resurrection: Ertugrul'; A critical analysis". 11 June 2020.
  14. ^ Dirilis: Ertugrul - Trivia, retrieved 2 February 2021
  15. ^ "Diriliş Ertuğrul'un yıldızı Engin Altan Düzyatan'dan heyecanlandıran açıklama: Kuruluş Osman'a girdiğimde..." A Haber (in Turkish). Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  16. ^ "Kuruluş Osman Ertuğrul Gazi'nin Yaşlılığını Ediz Hun Canlandıracak – Dizi Oyuncu" (in Turkish). 4 June 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Ediz Hun Will Play The Role Of Ertugrul Ghazi". Turkish Series. 5 June 2020. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  18. ^ Images Staff (10 December 2020). "Ertugrul's Engin Altan Düzyatan has finally made it to Pakistan". Images. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  19. ^ "Turkish Series Star in Pakistan on Short Visit". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  20. ^ Images Staff (19 August 2020). "Ertugrul star Engin Altan meets three little fans from Pakistan". Images. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  21. ^ Haber7. "Diriliş Ertuğrul'la ödüle doymayan Engin Altan'dan hayran bırakan proje: O teklife 'Evet' dedi!". Haber7 (in Turkish). Retrieved 2 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ "Diriliş Ertuğrul'da oynayan Engin Altan Düzyatan'ın o fotoğrafı olay oldu! Pakistan sallandı - Yeni Akit". www.yeniakit.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  23. ^ "Engin Altan Düzyatan'a Pakistan'da sevgi seli". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 12 December 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  24. ^ Zaidi, Syeda Maham (19 December 2020). "'Fraudster' Kashif Zameer Who Hosted Engin Altan Out on Bail". HIP. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  25. ^ "'Ertugrul' star Engin Altan returning to Pakistan? Rumours rife". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  26. ^ "'Ertugrul' star Engin Altan missing Pakistan?". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  27. ^ "Engin Altan Duzyatan aka Ertugrul ready to work in Pakistani dramas". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  28. ^ Butt, Kiran (25 June 2020). "Pakistan: Locals erect statue of Ertugrul Gazi". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  29. ^ "Popular Turkish TV drama inspires statues in Pakistan". Reuters. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  30. ^ "Historical figure's bust removed after resemblance to an actor". Hürriyet Daily News. 8 June 2020.
  31. ^ "Ertugrul's statue bearing resemblance to Engin Altan removed in Turkey". The News International. No. 10 June 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  32. ^ "Tribune Take: What made 2020 the year of 'Diriliş: Ertuğrul'". The Express Tribune. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  33. ^ "Engin Altan Duzyatan". The Muslim 500. 17 October 2018.
  34. ^ News Desk (19 May 2020). "Engin Altan 'Ertugrul' expresses love for Pakistan, wishes to meet fans". Global Village Space. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  35. ^ "Turkish actor Tamer Yigit praised for playing Ertugrul in 'Kurulus Osman'". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  36. ^ News Desk (24 December 2020). "Death of Ertugrul Gazi leaves Pakistani fans shocked". Global Village Space. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  37. ^ "Bamsi gets emotional as 'Ertugrul' dies in 'Kurulus:Osman'". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  38. ^ "Magazanci.com Ödülleri Sahiplereni Buldu". magazanci.com. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  39. ^ "Türkiye Gençlik Ödülleri sahiplerini buldu". Hürriyet. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Diriliş Ertuğrul, Aldığı Tek Ödülle Eşkıya'ya 4-1 Yenildi". Haberleri. 23 April 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  41. ^ "Pantene Altın Kelebek adayları belli oldu". Sözcü. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  42. ^ sabah, daily (15 November 2016). "Disrespect for 'Resurrection - Ertuğrul' causes outrage". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  43. ^ "Golden Butterfly Awards recognize best of Turkey's TV and music world". Daily Hürriyet News. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  44. ^ "ALTIN PALMİYE ÖDÜLLERİ İÇİN GERİ SAYIM BAŞLADI". Milliyet. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  45. ^ "Quality ödülleri sahiplerini buldu". Habertürk. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  46. ^ DURMAZ, Sayit (4 August 2017). "11. Makinistanbul ödülleri sahiplerini buldu". www.hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  47. ^ "En iyiler ödüllendirildi". Milliyet. April 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  48. ^ "Do you know 'Ertugrul' lead star Engin received Best Int'l Actor Award at DIAFA 2019?". www.geo.tv. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  49. ^ KUTAY, UĞUR (10 February 2020). "Osmancık'tan ve Osman'a". BirGün (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 June 2020.

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Taslim Azis Anggota Dewan Perwakilan RakyatMasa jabatan13 Februari 2019 – 1 Oktober 2019PendahuluAmrullah Amri TuasikalPenggantiPetahanaGrup parlemenGerindraDaerah pemilihanMaluku Informasi pribadiLahir(1964-06-23)23 Juni 1964Ambon, Maluku, IndonesiaMeninggal28 Februari 2021(2021-02-28) (umur 56)Jakarta, IndonesiaPartai politikPartai GerindraAlma materUniversitas Islam BandungKarier olahragaNegaraIndonesiaOlahragaPencak silatKelas F70–75 kgPensiun1997 Rekam medali Pencak sil...

 

 

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف متصلب المرتكزالعصر: الثلاثي المتأخر, الكارني قك ك أ س د ف بر ث ج ط ب ن   حالة الحفظ أنواع منقرضة المرتبة التصنيفية جنس  التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيات النوى المملكة: حيوانات الشعبة: الحبليات غير مصنف: الفقاريات غير مصنف: الفكيات غ...

 

 

UK urban music outlet GRM DailyCompany typePrivately heldIndustryEntertainment, musicGenre Hip hop British hip hop UK drill trap afroswing road rap grime UK garage Founded2009FoundersMatt 'Sketchy' ThornePierre Godson-AmamooKoby 'Posty' HaganArea servedUnited KingdomWebsitegrmdaily.com GRM Daily (Grime & Rap Music Daily), formerly Grime Daily, is a British urban music outlet and entertainment platform.[1][2][3] As the name suggests, the platform is an outlet for UK...

Theory of Chicano aesthetics A Rasquachismo-style ornamented car, Mission District, San Francisco Background Part of a series onChicanos and Mexican Americans Terms Identity Chola/o La Raza Pachuca Pachuco Pinta/o Xicanx Concepts Anti-Mexican sentiment History Early-American Period Josefa Segovia Las Gorras Blancas Mexican–American War Mutualista San Elizario Salt War Sonoratown Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero prog...

 

 

VWD redirects here. For Visual Web Developer, see Microsoft Visual Studio Express § Visual Web Developer Express. This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: Von Willebrand disease – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

 

Swiss multinational bank Credit Suisse Group AGHeadquarters on Paradeplatz in Zürich, designed by architect Jakob Friedrich Wanner and inaugurated in 1876[1]FormerlySchweizerische KreditanstaltCompany typeSubsidiaryISINCH0012138530IndustryFinancial servicesFounded5 July 1856; 167 years ago (1856-07-05)[2]FoundersAlbert Dufour-FéronceAlfred EscherGustaf HarkortHeadquartersZürich, SwitzerlandArea servedWorldwideKey peopleAxel Lehmann (chairman)[3] ...

Wikipedia bahasa Hindiहिन्दी विकिपीडियाHalaman utama Wikipedia bahasa Hindi pada 10 Oktober 2012URLhttp://hi.wikipedia.org/TipeProyek ensiklopedia internetBersifat komersial?BukanPendaftaranOpsionalBahasabahasa HindiLisensiCreative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 3.0 Tanpa Adaptasi dan Lisensi Dokumentasi Bebas GNU PemilikYayasan WikimediaBerdiri sejak11 Juli 2003 Wikipedia bahasa Hindi adalah Wikipedia edisi bahasa Hindi yang merupakan salah satu bahasa resmi ...

 

 

KarađorđevićКарађорђевићNegara Serbia YugoslaviaKelompok etnisSerbiaDidirikan14 Februari 1804PendiriKarađorđe PetrovićKepala saat iniAleksandar KarađorđevićPenguasa terakhirPetar IIGelar Vožd Agung Serbia (1804-1813) Pangeran Serbia (1842-1858) Raja Serbia (1903-1918) Raja Yugoslavia (1918-1945) Turun takhta29 November 1945 Karađorđević (bahasa Serbia: Карађорђевић, jamak Karađorđevići / Карађорђевићи, pelafalan [karad͡ʑǒːrd͡ʑ...

 

 

Men's national football team representing Paraguay This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see Paraguay women's national football team. ParaguayNickname(s)Los Guaraníes (The Guaraníes) La Albirroja (The White and Red)AssociationAsociación Paraguaya de Fútbol (APF)ConfederationCONMEBOL (South America)Head coachDaniel GarneroCaptainGustavo GómezMost capsPaulo da Silva (148)Top scorerRoque Santa Cruz (32)Home stadiumEstadio Defensores del ChacoFIFA codePAR First colours ...

2023 single by Rauw Alejandro and BizarrapBaby HelloSingle by Rauw Alejandro and Bizarrapfrom the album Playa Saturno LanguageSpanishReleasedJune 23, 2023 (2023-06-23)Recorded2023GenreElectropop • Latin house • EDMLength3:42Label Duars Entertainment Sony Music Latin Composer(s) Christian Daniel Mojica Gonzalo Julián Conde Jorge Cedeño Jorge Pizarro Ruiz Nino Karlo Segarra Raúl Alejandro Ocasio Ruiz Producer(s) Bizarrap El Zorro Kenobi Sensei Cauty Dímelo Ninow Dulce Co...

 

 

U.S. state government agency Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT)NDOT headquarters in Carson CityAgency overviewFormedMarch 23, 1917; 107 years ago (March 23, 1917)Carson City, Nevada, U.S.Preceding agencyNevada Department of HighwaysJurisdictionState of NevadaHeadquarters1263 South Stewart StreetCarson City, Nevada, U.S.Agency executivesTracy Larkin-Thomason, P.E., DirectorDarin Tedford, P.E., Deputy DirectorJeff Lerud, P.E., Deputy Director, Operations and MaintenancePare...

 

 

SV HornCalcio Horner Segni distintiviUniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Blu, bianco Dati societariCittà Horn Nazione Austria ConfederazioneUEFA Federazione ÖFB CampionatoErste Liga Fondazione1922 Presidente Rudolf Laudon Allenatore Alexander Schriebl StadioSportplatz Horn(3.600 posti) Sito webwww.svhorn.at PalmarèsTitoli nazionali2 Campionati di Regionalliga Trofei nazionaliÖFB-Amateurcup 2007-2008 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Lo Sportverein Horn, più comunemen...

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51st Guards Motor Rifle Division (II Formation)(1965–1992)51st Mechanized Division (c. 1992 – c. 2004)51st Mechanized Brigade (c. 2004 – 2014)Sleeve patch for the 51st Mechanized DivisionActive1942–2014Country UkraineBranch Ukrainian Ground ForcesTypeBrigadeRoleMechanizedSizeactive duty440 reservesPart of13th Army CorpsGarrison/HQА-2331 Volodymyr Volyn Oblast Ukraine[1]Nickname(s)VolynskaAnniversariesSeptember 7EquipmentBMP-2EngagementsWorld War IIWar in Donba...