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Dipl.-Ing. Ernst Hammer
Dipl.-Ing. Ernst Hammer
Born	20 October 1884; Falkenau an der Eger, Egerland, Austria-Hungary
Died	2 December 1957 (aged 73); Vienna, Austria
Allegiance	Austria-Hungary (to 1918); Austrian Republic (to 1938); Nazi Germany
Service / branch	Army
Years of service	1903–45
Rank	Generalleutnant
Commands	75. Infanterie-Division; Division Nr. 190; 190. Infanterie-Division
Battles / wars	World War I; World War II Battle of France; Operation Barbarossa; Battle of Kiev; Battle of Voronezh; Operation Market Garden; Battle of the Reichswald; Operation Varsity; ;
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Ernst Hammer (20 October 1884 – 2 December 1957) was a German-Austrian officer of four armies since 1 October 1903, entering as a one-year volunteer.^[1] He was Oberleutnant of the Common Army, Hauptmann of the k.u.k. Armee, Generalmajor of the Bundesheer (transferred to the German Army 15 March 1938), Generalleutnant of the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. As commander of the 75th Infantry Division, he ordered his soldiers to shoot female Soviet POWs on the spot.^[2]

Awards and decorations

Military Merit Cross, 3rd Class with War Decoration and Swords (Austria-Hungary, World War I)
Military Merit Medal, in Silver and in Bronze (Austria-Hungary, World War I)
Karl Troop Cross (World War I)
Gallipoli Star (World War I)
Austrian War Commemorative Medal
Hungarian War Commemorative Medal
Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
Iron Cross (1914)
- 2nd Class
- 1st Class
Clasps to the Iron Cross
- 2nd Class
- 1st Class
Eastern Front Medal
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 20 December 1941 as Generalleutnant and commander of 75. Infanterie-Division^[3]

^ Generalleutnant Ing. Ernst Hammer
^ Römer, Felix (2011). "Gewaltsame Geschlechterordnung. Wehrmacht und >Flintenweiber< an der Ostfront 1941/42". In Latzel, Klaus; Maubach, Franka; Satjukow, Silke (eds.). Soldatinnen. Gewalt und Geschlecht im Krieg vom Mittelalter bis heute (in German). Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh. p. 336.
^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 176.

Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.

Military offices
Preceded by None	Commander of 75. Infanterie-Division 1 September 1939 - 5 September 1942	Succeeded by Generalleutnant Erich Diestel
Preceded by Generalmajor Albert Newiger	Commander of Division Nr. 190 10 November 1942 - 4 November 1944	Succeeded by Renamed 190. Infanterie-Division
Preceded by Previously Division Nr. 190	Commander of 190. Infanterie-Division 4 November 1944 - 13 April 1945	Succeeded by None