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Ernst Deutsch
Ernst Deutsch
	Deutsch in his gym, 1931
Born	16 September 1890; Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary
Died	22 March 1969 (aged 78); West Berlin, West Germany
Other names	Ernest Dorian
Citizenship	Austrian
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1916–1966
Known for	The Third Man
Spouse	Anuschka Fuchs (1922–1969; his death)

Ernst Deutsch, also known as Ernest Dorian (16 September 1890 – 22 March 1969), was a Jewish^[1] Austrian actor. In 1916, his performance as the protagonist in the world première of Walter Hasenclever's Expressionist play The Son in Dresden was praised.^[2] Deutsch also played the antihero Famulus in Paul Wegener's The Golem: How He Came into the World in 1920. He is known by English-speaking audiences for his role as Baron Kurtz in Carol Reed's 1949 film noir, The Third Man.

Family

Deutsch was the son of Prague-based Jewish merchant Ludwig Kraus and his wife, Louise.^[1] He married childhood friend Anuschka Fuchsova (daughter of Prague industrialist Arthur Fuchs) in 1922.^[3] Anuschka's cousin, Herbert Fuchs of Robettin, was the brother-in-law of author Franz Werfel.

Life and career

Deutsch grew up in Prague, and attended high school. He was a skilled tennis player, ranking seventh on the Austro-Hungarian tennis list. After high school, Deutsch served in the army. He was a childhood friend of Franz Werfel.^[4]^[5]

In 1914, Deutsch made his stage debut for Berthold Viertel at the People's Theatre in Vienna.^[5] After a short season in Prague, Edgar Licho hired him for the Albert Theatre in Dresden, where he moved in 1916. In Dresden, Deutsch played Franz Moor in Schiller's The Robbers and Moritz Stiefel in Frank Wedekind's Spring Awakening. His performance in the title role of Hasenclever's The Son, which premiered on 8 October 1916, established him as an Expressionist actor; he also appeared in the play in 1918 and 1923.^[3]^[4] In 1917, Deutsch went to the Volksbühne in Berlin. He appeared until 1933 on a number of stages in the city, gave guest performances in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna, and participated in a tour of South America. Beginning in 1916, Deutsch appeared in 42 silent films. In April 1933, he left Germany due to Nazi antisemitism. Deutsch returned to Vienna and Prague, gave guest performances in Zürich, Brussels and (in 1936) London where he appeared in Charles Bennett's play Page From a Diary in the West End. In 1938 he emigrated to New York City and played briefly on Broadway in 1939 before moving to Hollywood, where he became an American citizen.^[3] Beginning 1942 he appeared as Ernest Dorian in Hollywood films, primarily as Nazis and German officers.^[5]^[6]

Modern, rectangular building viewed from above — Ernst Deutsch Theater in Hamburg

After a 1946 stay in Buenos Aires, Deutsch returned to Vienna via Paris the following year. In Vienna, he became a member of the Burgtheater.^[6] At the National Theatre Deutsch appeared in The Helpers of God, about Red Cross founder Henri Dunant, in 1948. Three years later he moved back to Berlin, appearing at the Schiller and Schlossparktheater. Deutsch also toured in Germany and abroad. Deutsch's film roles included Baron Kurtz in Carol Reed's film noir, The Third Man, starring Orson Welles and Joseph Cotten.^[5] He received the Volpi Cup as Best Actor at the 9th Venice International Film Festival in 1948 Venice Film Festival for his performance in Der Prozeß.^[7] Deutsch's performances in the title role of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's Nathan the Wise and as Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice were critically praised.^[8]^[9] He played Nathan for more than 2,000 performances, and traveled with productions throughout Europe.^[3]^[10]

Deutsch died on 22 March 1969 in West Berlin,^[3] and is buried in the Jewish cemetery on the Berlin highway. For the fourth anniversary of his death in 1973, Friedrich Schütter's former Junges Theater in the Uhlenhorst quarter of Hamburg was renamed after Deutsch (who had staged a performance of Nathan The Wise there shortly before his death).^[10]