Division of fungi
Entomophthoromycota is a division of kingdom fungi . In 2007, it was placed at the taxonomic rank of subphylum in the most recent revision of the entire fungus kingdom .[ 1] phylum as "Entomophthoromycota" in a scientific paper by Richard A. Humber 2012.[ 2] classes and six families (Ancylistaceae , Basidiobolaceae , Completoriaceae , Entomophthoraceae , Meristacraceae , and Neozygitaceae ), it contains over 250 species that are mostly arthropod pathogens or soil- and litter -borne saprobes .[ 3]
Taxonomy
Circumscribed by mycologist Richard Humber in 2012, it contains species formerly classified in the division Zygomycota . Humber's reorganization divides the division into three classes while retaining the previously defined family structure:[ 2]
Division Entomophthoromycota Humber 2012 [Entomophthoromycotina Humber 2007 ]
Class Basidiobolomycetes Humber 2012 [Bolomycetes Cavalier-Smith 1998 ; Bolomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 2012 ; Basidiobolomycota Doweld 2001 ]
Order Basidiobolales Jacz. & P.A. Jacz. 1931 ex. Caval.-Sm.
Family Basidiobolaceae Engler & Gilg 1924
Schizangiella Dwyer et al. 2006 Basidiobolus Eidam 1886 [Amphoromorpha Thaxter 1914 ]
Class Neozygitomycetes Humber 2012
Order Neozygitales Humber 2012
Family Neozygitaceae Ben Ze’ev, Kenneth & Uziel 1987
Apterivorax Keller 2005 Neozygites Witlaczil 1885 [Thaxterosporium Ben Ze'ev & Kenneth 1987 ]
Class Entomophthoromycetes Humber 2012 [Entomomycetidae Cavalier-Smith 1998 em. 2012 ]
Order Entomophthorales Winter 1880 [Ancylistales Schröter ]
Family Ancylistaceae Schröter 1893 Ancyclistes Pfitzer 1872 Conidiobolus Brefeld 1884 emend. Humber 1989 [Conidiobolus (Capillidium Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982 ; Conidiobolus (Conidiobolus ) (Brefeld) Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982 ; Conidiobolus (Delacroixia (Sacc. & Syd.) Tyrrell & MacLeod 1972 ]Macrobiotophthora Reukauf 1912 emend. Tucker 1981
Family Completoriaceae Humber 1989
Completoria Lohde 1874
Family Entomophthoraceae Nowakowski 1877 [Empusaceaae]
Subfamily Erynioideae Keller 2005 [Massosporoideae Keller 2005 ]
Erynia (Nowakowski ex Batko 1966) Remaud. & Hennebert 1980.emend. Humber 1989 [Zoophthora (Erynia ) Nowakowski ex Batko 1966 ]Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)Furia (Batko 1966) Humber 2005 [Zoophthora (Furia ) Batko 1966 ; Erynia (Furia ) (Batko 1966) Li & Humber 1984 ]Orthomyces Steinkraus, Humber & Oliver 1988 Pandora Humber 2005 [Erynia (Neopandora Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 1982 ]Strongwellsea Batko & Weiser 1965 emend. Humber 1976 Zoophthora Batko 1964 emend. Ben-Ze’ev & Kenneth 2005
Subfamily Entomophthoroideae Keller 2005
Batkoa Humber 2005 Entomophaga Batko 1964 emend. Humber 1989 Entomophthora Fresenius 1856 [Empusa (Triplosporium ) Thaxter 1888 ; Triplosporium (Thaxter 1888) Batko 1964 ]Eryniopsis Humber 1984 (in part)Massospora Peck 1879 emend. Soper 1974
Family Meristacraceae Humber 1989
Meristacrum Drechsler 1940 emend. Tucker & Humber 1981 (syn Tabanomyces Couch et al. ) Genera that have an uncertain status or have been excluded from the Entomophthoromycota include Ballocephala Tarichium Zygnemomyces [ 3] [ 4] Ballocephala and Zygnemomyces were transferred to Mucoromycota division.
Description
Species in the Entomophthoromycota generally share several characteristics. Their vegetative cells are coenocytic ; sporulation occurs by production of forcibly discharged dispersive or infective conidia ; and their zygospores (which also function as resting spores ) are homothallic .[ 3]
References
^ Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, et al. (May 2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res . 111 (Pt 5): 509– 47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.626.9582 doi :10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004 . PMID 17572334 . ^ a b Humber RA. (2012). "Entomophthoromycota: A new phylum and reclassification for entomophthoroid fungi" . Mycotaxon . 120 : 477– 492. doi :10.5248/120.477 ^ a b c Gryganskyi AP, Humber RA, Smith ME, Hodge K, Huang B, Voigt K, Vilgalys R (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Entomophthoromycota" . Persoonia . 30 : 94– 105. doi :10.3767/003158513X666330 . PMC 3734969 PMID 24027349 . ^ "Part 1- Virae, Prokarya, Protists, Fungi" . Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement . Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016 .
.jpg)
