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Emilio Fernández
Emilio Fernández
	Emilio Fernández in the film The Soldiers of Pancho Villa (1959)
Born	Emilio Fernández Romo; 26 March 1904; Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico
Died	6 August 1986 (aged 82); Mexico City, Mexico
Years active	1928–1986
Spouse(s)	Gladys Fernández; Columba Domínguez

Emilio "El Indio" Fernández Romo (Spanish: [eˈmiljo feɾˈnandes ˈromo]; 26 March 1904 – 6 August 1986) was a Mexican film director, actor and screenwriter. He was one of the most prolific film directors of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. He is best known for his work as director of the film María Candelaria (1944), which won the Palme d'Or award at the 1946 Cannes Film Festival.^[1] As an actor, he worked in numerous film productions in Mexico and in Hollywood. He was the father of the Mexican actor Jaime Fernández.

Early life

Born in Sabinas, Coahuila, on 26 March 1904, Emilio Fernández Romo was the son of a revolutionary general, while his mother was a descendant of Kickapoo natives. From his parents, he inherited Mexican customs and indigenous beliefs. When he was a teenager, a fatal event^{[clarification needed]} forced him to flee his home and enlist in the ranks of the Mexican Revolution. Later, he entered the Mexican Military Academy (where in 1954, he gained the rank of colonel). In 1923, he took part in the uprising of Adolfo de la Huerta against the government of Álvaro Obregón, but this insurrection failed and he was sent to prison. He escaped and left Mexico to go into exile, first in Texas, then in Chicago, and later in Los Angeles. There he earned his living as a laundry employee, bartender, longshoreman, press assistant and finally as a stonemason for Hollywood studio construction, a circumstance that favored his foray into film as an extra and as a double for stars like Douglas Fairbanks.^[2]

Career

His initial career was encouraged by De la Huerta, who told him: Mexico does not want nor need more revolutions Emilio. You are in the Mecca of film, and film is the most effective tool we humans have invented to express ourselves. Learn to make movies and you return to our homeland with that knowledge. Make our films so you can express your ideas, so they reach thousands of people.^[2] In 1930, he had an experience that significantly marked his career as a creator: his stay in the United States coincided with the arrival in the country of Sergei Eisenstein (Soviet film director). He went to private screenings of Eisenstein's films, which impressed him, revealing a style that was different from that used in Hollywood aesthetics. Three years later, he was influenced by seeing fragments of Que viva Mexico! (an Eisenstein film made in that country), which consolidated his desire to make films.

He returned to Mexico in 1933, thanks to an amnesty granted by the government, with the decision to continue his film career, but during the first year he made a living as a boxer, a diver in Acapulco, a baker and an aviator. In 1934, he appeared as a bandolero (robber) in the film Cruz Diablo, directed by Fernando de Fuentes. His looks also landed him a starring role playing a native in Janitzio by Carlos Navarro.

Fernández continued to perform melodramas and folklore films. In 1941, with the financial support of General Juan Francisco Azcárate and the encouragement of his friend, the actor David Silva (then a law student), he filmed La isla de la pasión (a.k.a. Passion Island) with which he made his directorial debut.

In 1943 he was contacted by the Mexican film Studios Films Mundiales. Emilio Fernández (director), Mauricio Magdaleno (writer), Gabriel Figueroa (photographer), Dolores del Río and Pedro Armendáriz (actors) formed the team that would go on to make Flor silvestre, the film that debuted Dolores del Río in the Mexican cinema. Then, Fernández filmed María Candelaria (1944), for which he was awarded the Palm d'Or at Cannes^[1] along with Gabriel Figueroa.

In 1945, based on the history of American writer John Steinbeck (who adapted the screenplay in collaboration with him), Fernández filmed La Perla (a.k.a. The Pearl), an allegory about the limits of wickedness of man in his greed and desire for power. It won the award for Best Cinematography, and a mention for Best Film contribution to progress in the Venice Film Festival (1947). It also received the Silver Ariel (1948) for Best Picture, Directing, Male Performance and Photography; the award of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (1949), and the award for Best Cinematography at the Festival of Madrid (1949).

He directed three films with María Félix: Enamorada (1946), Río Escondido (1948, winner of Best Cinematography in the Karlovy Vary in Czechoslovakia) and Maclovia (1948). His then wife Columba Domínguez starred in Pueblerina (1948). Fernández worked as co-producer on The Fugitive (1947), a Hollywood film made in Mexico by director John Ford, which also featured del Río and Armendáriz and was shot by Figueroa. In 1949, Salon Mexico won the award for Best Cinematography at the festival in Brussels, Belgium. He followed these in 1950 with urban films, Víctimas del Pecado, starring Ninón Sevilla, and Cuando levanta la niebla, with Columba Dominguez and Arturo de Córdova. In 1950, he made his only film in Hollywood The Torch, a remake of Enamorada starring Paulette Goddard.

Around the mid-1950s, Fernández returned to his role as actor. Although he did little directing in the 1960s, he had several roles as an actor, appearing in: The Soldiers of Pancho Villa (1959), La bandida (1962); The Night of the Iguana (1964, directed by John Huston, where he shared credits with Richard Burton and Ava Gardner); Return of the Seven (1966); The Appaloosa (1966, with Marlon Brando), among many others. His 1967 film A Faithful Soldier of Pancho Villa was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival.^[3] He also acted in three films directed by Sam Peckinpah: The Wild Bunch (1969), Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973), and Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia (1974).

Later life

During the last years of his life, he did not direct, although he continued to act. In the late 1970s he was imprisoned in Torreón after he was found guilty of the death of a farmer. He was released after 6 months probation. Missing weekly sign-ins, due to an accident, caused him to be imprisoned again. After finishing his prison sentence, he returned to his house in Coyoacan.

In early 1986, Emilio Fernández suffered a fall at his home in Acapulco, which caused a fracture of the femur. According to his daughter Adela, in the hospital he received a blood transfusion that was infected with malaria. Emilio Fernández died on 6 August 1986.^[4]

Legacy

His film legacy has been awarded with the Ariel Award, the Colón de Oro in Huelva, Spain, and with a chair in his name at the Moscow Film School. With photographer Gabriel Figueroa, writer Mauricio Magdaleno, and actors Pedro Armendáriz, Dolores del Río, María Félix and Columba Dominguez, Romo conducted various productions that promoted both national customs and the values associated with the Mexican Revolution.

Fernández directed 43 films between 1942 and 1979. Starting with Cielito Lindo (1936), he was recognized as a screenwriter on 40 films. He also worked as a second unit director on American films made in Mexico, including The Magnificent Seven (1960), when he was sent to the American crew by the Mexican film industry to guarantee that images of Mexicans were neither racist nor insulting. In 2002, La Perla (a.k.a. The Pearl) was added to the National Film Registry of the United States Library of Congress by the National Film Preservation Board as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

On the 100th anniversary of El Indio's birth, Emilio Fernández and his colleague Gabriel Figueroa were recognized during the inaugural Puerto Vallarta Film Festival of the Americas, held in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico in November 2004.^[5]

He was portrayed by Joaquín Cosio in the Mexican biographical film Cantinflas.

Fernández is rumored to be the model for the Oscar statuette, but this is not confirmed.^[6] The legend suggested that MGM art director Cedric Gibbons, one of the original Motion Picture Academy members tasked with creating the Academy Award trophy, was introduced to Fernández by actress Dolores del Río and persuaded him to pose nude.^[7]

Personal life

Gladys Fernández, a 16-year-old Cuban girl, became his first wife in 1941. Their relationship was affected by Emilio's passion for Hollywood diva Dolores del Río and Gladys ended up leaving him. Emilio and Gladys had a daughter, the writer Adela Fernández y Fernández.

His most stable relationship was with the actress Columba Domínguez. They were together for seven years, but the relationship collapsed because Columba became pregnant, and he did not want more children. She decided to have the baby without his consent, they broke up. Their daughter, Jacaranda, died in 1978 after falling from the top of a building.

His marriage to Gloria De Valois Cabiedes produced another daughter, Xochitl Fernández De Valois.

Fernández was infatuated with the British-American actress Olivia de Havilland, whom he never met. Fernández asked the then-president of Mexico, Miguel Alemán, to extend a street in Coyoacán to his mansion, and to name it Dulce Olivia, 'Sweet Olivia'. Thus, he would always have her symbolically near, transformed into a street, and always at his feet.^[8]

After the death of Fernández, a lawsuit broke out between his daughter Adela and Columba Domínguez. Adela had been named sole heir of her father and took possession of his house, a fortress in the neighborhood of Coyoacán in Mexico City, which Columba claimed as her own. According to Columba, Adela was not a biological daughter of Fernández, but was adopted by him when she was abandoned by her mother. Adela's death in 2013 left the legal situation unclear.^[4]

The House-Fortress of Fernández, managed by his daughter Adela until her death in 2013, became a space dedicated to various cultural activities in Mexico City, and has served as a backdrop for filming over one hundred Mexican and foreign films.

Filmography

As director

Year	Original title	English title	Production country	Language	Cast	Award nominations (Wins in bold)
1941	La isla de la pasión	The Island of the Passion	México	Spanish	Pedro Armendáriz, Isabela Corona
1942	Soy puro mexicano	I'm a Real Mexican	Mexico	Spanish	Pedro Armendáriz, Andres Soler
1942	Flor Silvestre	Wild Flower	México	Spanish	Dolores del Río, Pedro Armendáriz
1943	María Candelaria (aka Xochimilco)	Portrait of Maria	Mexico	Spanish	Dolores del Río, Pedro Armendáriz	Cannes Film Festival – Palm d'Or
1944	Las Abandonadas	The Abandoned	Mexico	Spanish	Dolores del Río, Pedro Armendáriz	Ariel Award – Best Actress
1944	Bugambilia	Bugambilia	Mexico	Spanish	Dolores del Río, Pedro Armendáriz
1945	La Perla	The Pearl	Mexico	Spanish	Pedro Armendáriz, María Elena Marqués	Venice Film Festival – Golden Lion Ariel Awards – Golden Ariel, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, Cinematography Golden Globe – Best Cinematography
1946	Pepita Jiménez		Mexico	Spanish	Ricardo Montalbán, Rosita Dáz Gimeno
1946	Enamorada	In Love	Mexico	Spanish	María Félix, Pedro Armendáriz	Ariel Award – Best Actress
1947	The Fugitive (producer)	The Fugitive	United States	English	Henry Fonda, Dolores del Río
1947	Río Escondido	Hidden River	Mexico	Spanish	María Félix, Carlos López Moctezuma	Karlovy Vary International Film Festival – Best Photography
1948	Maclovia	Maclovia (aka Damn Beauty)	Mexico	Spanish	María Félix, Pedro Armendáriz
1948	Pueblerina	Small Town Girl	Mexico	Spanish	Columba Dominguez, Roberto Cañedo	Cannes Film Festival – Official Selection Karlovy Vary International Film Festival – Best Photography
1949	La Malquerida	A Woman without Love	Mexico	Spanish	Dolores del Río, Pedro Armendáriz
1950	Salón México	Mexico Lounge	Mexico	Spanish	Marga López, Miguel Inclan	Brussels Film Festival – Best Photography
1950	Duelo en las montañas	Duel in the Mountains	Mexico	Spanish	Rita Macedo, Roberto Cañedo
1950	The Torch		United States	English	Paulette Goddard, Pedro Armendáriz
1950	Un día de vida	One Day of Life	Mexico	Spanish	Columba Domínguez, Roberto Cañedo
1951	Vìctimas del Pecado	Victims of the Sin	Mexico	Spanish	Ninón Sevilla, Rodolfo Acosta
1951		Maria Islands	Mexico	Spanish	Pedro Infante, Jaime Fernández
1951	La bienamada	The Beloved	Mexico	Spanish	Columba Domínguez, Roberto Cañedo
1952	Siempre tuya	Forever Yours	Mexico	Spanish	Jorge Negrete, Gloria Marín
1952	Acapulco		Mexico	Spanish	Elsa Aguirre, Miguel Torruco
1952	Cuando levanta la niebla	When the Fog Lifts	Mexico	Spanish	Columba Domínguez, Arturo de Córdova
1953	La Red (aka Rossana)	The Red	Mexico	Spanish	Rossana Podestà, Armando Silvestre	Cannes Film Festival- Best Narration
1953	Reportaje	Report News	Mexico	Spanish
1953	El Rapto	The Rapture	Mexico	Spanish	María Félix, Jorge Negrete
1954	La rosa blanca	The White Rose	Cuba/Mexico	Spanish	Jorge Mistral, Rebeca Iturbide
1955	La Tierra del Fuego se apaga	Tierra del Fuego is off	Argentina	Spanish	Jorge Mistral, Bertha Moss
1958	Una cita de amor	An appointment with love	Mexico	Spanish	Silvia Pinal, Jaime Fernández	8th Berlin International Film Festival – Official Selection
1962	Pueblito	Little Town	Mexico	Spanish	Columba Domínguez, Lilia Prado	San Sebastián International Film Festival – Las perlas del Cantábrico
1963	Paloma herída	Wounded Dove	Mexico/Guatemala	Spanish	Patricia Conde, Columba Domínguez
1967	Un Dorado de Pancho Villa	A Faithful Soldier of Pancho Villa	Mexico	Spanish	Emilio Fernández, Maricruz Olivier	5th Moscow International Film Festival – Official Selection
1969	Un Crepúsculo de un dios	A Twilight of a God	Mexico	Spanish	Emilio Fernández, Guillermo Murray
1974	La Choca	la Choca	Mexico	Spanish	Pilar Pellicer, Gregorio Casals	Ariel Award – Best Direction, Best Supporting Actress, Best Photography, Best Edition Karlovy Vary Film Festival – Best Direction
1976	Zona Roja	Red Zone	Mexico	Spanish	Fanny Cano, Armando Silvestre
1979	México Norte	Mexico North	Mexico	Spanish	Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Roberto Cañedo
1979	Erótica	Erotic	Mexico	Spanish	Jorge Rivero, Rebecca Silva

As actor

1928: El destino
1930: Oklahoma Cyclone – Pancho Gomez (uncredited)
1930: The Land of Missing Men – Lopez – aka Black Coyote
1930: Headin' North – Mexican Gambler (uncredited)
1931: Sunrise Trail – Pancho (uncredited)
1932: The Western Code – Indian Joe
1933: Laughing at Life – Revolutionary (uncredited)
1933: Flying Down to Rio – Dancer (uncredited)
1934: La buenaventura – Boris
1934: Corazón bandolero – Chacal
1934: Cruz Diablo – Toparca, bandolero
1935: Martín Garatuza
1935: Tribu – Itzul
1935: Janitzio – Zirahuén
1936: Celos – Sebastián
1936: María Elena – Bailarín de La Bamba
1936: Marihuana (El monstruo verde) – El Indio
1936: Allá en el Rancho Grande – Dancer
1937: El superloco – Idúa
1937: El impostor
1937: Las cuatro milpas
1937: Las mujeres mandan – Bailarín
1937: Almas rebeldes
1937: Adiós Nicanor – Nicanor
1939: Juan sin miedo – Valentin
1939: With Villa's Veterans – Mayor El Indio Fernández
1940: El fanfarrón: ¡Aquí llegó el valentón! – Aguilucho (Juan José)
1940: Los de Abajo – Pancracio
1940: El charro Negro – Emilio Gómez
1941: El Zorro de Jalisco – Ernesto
1941: Rancho Alegre
1942: La isla de la pasión
1943: Wild Flower – Rogelio Torres
1959: The Soldiers of Pancho Villa – Coronel Antonio Zeta
1962: Pueblito – Coronel (uncredited)
1963: La bandida – Epigmenio Gómez
1963: Paloma herida – Danilo Zata
1964: El revólver sangriento – Félix Gómez
1964: The Night of the Iguana – Barkeeper (uncredited)
1964: Yo, el valiente
1964: Los hermanos Muerte – Marcos Zermeño
1965: The Reward – Sgt. Lopez
1965: La conquista de El Dorado
1965: Un callejón sin salida – Moran
1966: La recta final – Don Lucio
1966: Duelo de pistoleros – Pancho Romero
1966: The Appaloosa – Lazaro
1966: Los malvados – El coyote
1966: Return of the Seven – Francisco Lorca
1967: A Covenant with Death – Ignacio
1967: Un tipo dificil de matar
1967: The War Wagon – Calita
1967: A Faithful Soldier of Pancho Villa – Aurelio Pérez
1967: El silencioso – Emilio Segura
1968: Guns for San Sebastian
1968: El caudillo – Coronel
1968: Un toro me llama
1969: The Wild Bunch – General Mapache
1969: Duelo en El Dorado – Indio Romo
1969: El crepúsculo de un Dios – Himself
1970: The Phantom Gunslinger – Sheriff
1971: La chamuscada (Tierra y libertad) – Coronel Margarito Herrero
1971: La sangre enemiga – Juan
1972: Indio – Victorio
1972: El rincón de las vírgenes – Anacleto Morones
1973: Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid – Paco
1974: Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia – El Jefe
1974: Breakout – J.V.
1975: Lucky Lady – Ybarra
1975: Detras de esa puerta – Police Director
1976: Zona roja
1979: Erótica – Hernández
1980: Las cabareteras
1982: Una gallina muy ponedora
1983: Mercenarios de la Muerte – Maestro tata
1984: Under the Volcano – Diosdado
1985: Treasure of the Amazon – Tacho / Paco
1985: Lola la trailera – Leoncio's Bodyguard
1986: Los Amantes del Señor de la Noche – Don Venustiano
1986: The Kidnapping of Lola – Commander Prieto
1986: Ahora mis pistolas hablan
1987: Arriba Michoacán (final film role)

References

^ ^a ^b "Festival de Cannes: María Candelaria". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
^ ^a ^b Emilio Fernández biography
^ "5th Moscow International Film Festival (1967)". MIFF. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
^ ^a ^b La historia detrás del mito: Emilio "Indio" Fernández by TV Azteca
^ "Emilio Fernandez, one of a kind". 10 July 2020.
^ "ABC press kit, 1977 (50th) Academy Awards :: Academy Awards Collection". digitalcollections.oscars.org. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
^ "6 things you may not know about Oscar statuettes". forevergeek.com. March 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
^ El orgullo de la seducción: Emilio Fernández Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine

Sources

Taibo I., Paco Ignacio (1987). Emilio Fernández <1904–1986>. Universidad de Guadalajara. ISBN 968-895-016-5.
Domínguez., Columba (1987). Emilio Fernández "El Indio" que amé.