The baths at Wichlen were in use since the Middle Ages and are first mentioned in 1547. They were very popular until they were buried by an avalanche in 1762. Many characteristic wooden structures have survived.[citation needed]
By 1861, slate quarrying was taking place. On September 11, 1881, an avalanche caused by excessive quarrying of slate killed 114 and buried 83 structures in the municipality.[2]
In 1892, the owner of a spring in Elm that had long been hailed as beneficial was found to be rich in iron. The owner opened a bath house and sold the water bottled in demijohns, but the bath house was destroyed in an avalanche in 1907. In 1898, a new Kurhaus was opened, which flourished until World War I. Today, it is used as a retirement centre. In 1929, the company Mineralquellen Elm AG was founded to bottle the spring water, and this continues to this day.[2][3]
In 1879, the valley of the Linth river was connected to the Swiss railway network by the opening of the Swiss Northeastern Railway line from Weesen, but Elm, in the side-valley of the Sernf river, remained unserved. This impacted the local economy, and various proposals were brought forward to provide rail service to the Sernf valley. Eventually, on 8 July 1905, the Sernftal tramway, a metre gauge roadside electric tramway, was opened connecting Schwanden with Elm and other intermediate communities. Service on this line continued until 31 May 1969, when it was replaced by road services.[2][4]
On 1 January 2011, Matt became part of the new municipality of Glarus Süd.[5]
Geography
Sernftal valley
The village of Elm is situated at an elevation of 977 m (3,205 ft) on the left bank of the Sernf river. It is the farthest village upstream in the valley of the Sernf, with the village of Matt downstream and to the north. Elm lies on the road from Schwanden, although the road continues higher up the valley to various isolated settlements.[1]
Elm has an area, as defined by the former municipal boundaries in 2006, of 90.7 km2 (35.0 sq mi), covering a considerable area on each side of the river to head of the valley. Of this area, 34.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 18.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (46.7%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[7]
Elm is well known for its phenomenon about the sunlight shining through the "Martin Hole" in the mountain (Tschingelhoren). Several times during Spring, 12 and 13 March and 30 September and 1 October in Fall, the sun shines for about one minute onto the area around the church attracting many observers. It is like a giant floodlight.[citation needed]
Demographics
Elm has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 626.[8] As of 2007[update], 4.8% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[9] Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -16.9%[clarification needed]. Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks German (96.5%), with Portuguese being second most common ( 1.4%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 0.8%).[7]
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 53.8% of the vote. Most of the rest of the votes went to the SVP with 38.5% of the vote.[7]
In Elm about 57.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a Fachhochschule).[7]
The population of Elm has held steady since the 18th century, reaching a peak in the middle of the 19th century, as shown in the following table:[clarification needed][2]
Year
Population
1730
516
1789
765
1850
1051
1900
913
1950
867
1990
791
Religion
Church of Elm
Elm originally belonged to the parish of Glarus, but in 1273, a new parish was formed in Matt. In 1493, Elm received a papal dispensation to establish a new parish. On March 22, 1528, the Reformation reached Elm, and the church was stripped of its ornaments. In 1594, the parish was separated from the parish of Matt.[2][clarification needed]
Economy
The major occupation of Elm has been agriculture, including sheepherding since 1000. In the 18th century, the wool industry (home-based) became an important economic factor. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, beef cattle were pastured in the Alps in summer for export to Italy.[2]
Elm has an unemployment rate of 0.08%. As of 2005[update], there were 117 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 50 businesses involved in this sector. 58 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 8 businesses in this sector. 189 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 32 businesses in this sector.[7]
Transport
The Sernftalbus operates an hourly bus service linking Elm with other communities down the valley of the Sernf river as far as Schwanden railway station. The service replaces the Sernftal tramway that operated between 1905 and 1969, over a similar route. At Schwanden railway station, a connecting railway service runs to the capital of the canton of Glarus, the town of Glarus.[4][10]
Tourism
The ski resort on the Schitzer opened in 1973, and the Pleus was opened for skiing in 1982.[2]
Elm features a warm summer humid continental climate (Dfb) according to the Köppen climate classification. Between 1991 and 2020 Elm had an average of 152.4 days of rain per year and on average received 1,588 mm (62.5 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was August during which time Elm received an average of 194 mm (7.6 in) of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 15.3 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with an average of 15.8, but with only 165 mm (6.5 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 90 mm (3.5 in) of precipitation over 10.3 days.[11]
^"Sernftalbus - Fahrplan 2015" [Sernftalbus - Timetable 2015] (PDF) (in German). Autobetrieb Sernftal AG. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
