Elferrat

Although eleven Elferrat members appear on stage, the council is sometimes composed of more people.

The Elferrat (German for "council of eleven") is the council of a kingdom of fools in a carnival.

Development

The Elferrat was originally introduced in the Rhine carnival reform in 1823 and has its roots in the region in Germany west of the Rhine, from France after the French Revolution. French became the language of trade, and French laws were in use. In connection with the revolution, this helped develop civil and political rights, with a level of freedom of speech and equality of citizens in front of the law. With Napoleon's defeat, this came to an end, and Absolutism was restored. In Mainz, the Austrians and the Prussians formed the military authority in conjunction. Cologne, the first free imperial city, came to be ruled by the Prussians.[citation needed]

The eleven in the Elferrat

The citizens robbed of their rights came to view the number eleven as a symbol of the French Revolution, because it symbolised equality among the people, that is to say one beside one.[citation needed]

The German word elf (eleven) can be seen as an abbreviation "ELF" for the motto of the French Revolution: Egalité, Liberté, Fraternité - "equality, liberty, fraternity".

The Elferrat of a small carnival metropol in northern Germany, shown on the facade of a building.

This abbreviation was subsequently frequently used in the French Revolution and by Napoleon as a logo. It first became a motto in the start of the French Third Republic in 1871, and later explained as the main motto of the revolution in retrospect. During the revolution, it was only one three-word motto among many, such as "health, might, unity" and "might, equality, justice", which are nowadays found in historical documents much more seldom than the famous motto "equality, liberty, fraternity".

The Elferrat thus thought of themselves as a council of citizen peers, hidden under fool's hats.

The Elferrat in modern carnivals

Although eleven male (in some places, also female) members of the Elferrat can be seen on stage in the official meeting in a carnival, it is mostly composed of a greater number of men. In some cities, there are special female councils, such as the Achterrat in Freiburg, because the traditionally male-dominated associations usually leave women only in the role of majorettes, not in these representative positions. In many associations, so-called honorary Elferrats are nominated, mostly consisting of distinguished association members or supporters such as politicians, businessmen and so on.[citation needed]

Duties

The Elferrat plans and organises various details of the carnival in its sessions, such as dances, carnival meetings and the move routes of the carnival. The Elferrat and their wives also participate in various festivities outside these sessions.

References

Read other articles:

Edin Džeko

Edin Džeko (dibaca ˈɛdin ˈdʒɛkɔ, /edin jekó/, dengan o seperti pada botol; lahir 17 Maret 1986) merupakan seorang pemain sepak bola profesional berkebangsaan Bosnia-Herzegovina yang bermain sebagai penyerang untuk klub Fenerbahçe dan timnas Bosnia & Herzegovina. Edin Džeko Džeko di 2015.Informasi pribadiTanggal lahir 17 Maret 1986 (umur 37)Tempat lahir Sarajevo, Yugoslavia[2]Tinggi 1,93 m (6 ft 4 in)[1]Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKl...

 

Kamus Kangxi

Kamus Kangxi Kamus Kangxi: cetak ulang 2005 Nama Tionghoa Hanzi: 康熙字典 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Kāngxī Zìdiǎn - Wade-Giles: K'ang-hsi Tzu-tien Min Nan - Romanisasi POJ: Khong-hi Jī-tián Wu - Romanisasi: Khan平si入 Zy去di平 Yue (Kantonis) - Romanisasi Yale: Hōnghēi Jihdín - Jyutping: Hong1 hei1 zi6 din2 Nama Jepang Kanji: 康熙字典 Hiragana: こうきじてん Alih aksara - Revisi: Kōki Jiten Nama Korea Hangul: 강희자전 Hanja: 康熙字典 Alih aksara -...

 

Honda WR-V

Honda WR-VHonda WR-V RS 2022 (DG4, Indonesia)InformasiProdusenHondaMasa produksi2022–sekarangPerakitanIndonesia: Karawang (Honda Karawang Plant)Bodi & rangkaKelasSUV crossover subkompakBentuk kerangkaSUV 5-pintuTata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda depanMobil terkaitHonda BR-VHonda AmazePenyalur dayaMesin1.5 L L15ZF i-VTEC I4 (bensin)TransmisiCVTDimensiJarak sumbu roda2.485 mm (97,8 in)Panjang4.060 mm (160 in)Lebar1.780 mm (70 in)Tinggi1.608 ...

Belut bangko

Belut bangko Ophichthus apicalis Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN199258 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasActinopteriOrdoAnguilliformesFamiliOphichthidaeTribusOphichthiniGenusOphichthusSpesiesOphichthus apicalis lbs Bangko ( Ophichthus apicalis, juga dikenal sebagai belut ular ekor runcing [1] ) adalah belut dalam keluarga Ophichthidae (belut cacing atau ular). [2] Penulis spesies ini tidak disebutkan namanya, tetapi telah dirujuk ke Edward Turner Bennett pada tahun...

 

Fungi

Artikel ini bukan mengenai jamur. FungiRentang fosil: Devon Awal–Sekarang PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Searah jarum jam dari kiri atas: Amanita muscaria, sejenis basidiomycete; Sarcoscypha coccinea, sejenis ascomycete; roti yang ditumbuhi jamur; sejenis chytrid; Aspergillus, sejenis conidiophore. Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukarya (tanpa takson): Opisthokonta Kerajaan: Fungi(Linnaeus) R. T. Moore[1] Subkerajaan/Filum/Subfilum[2] Blastocladiomycota Chytridiomycota Glomeromyc...

 

2023 AFC Asian Cup

18th edition of the AFC Asian Cup Not to be confused with 2023 Asia Cup. 2023 AFC Asian CupAFC Asian Cup Qatar 2023كأس آسيا 2023Tournament detailsHost countryQatarDates12 January – 10 February 2024Teams24 (from 1 confederation)Venue(s)9 (in 5 host cities)Final positionsChampions Qatar (2nd title)Runners-up JordanThird place IranFourth place South KoreaTournament statisticsMatches played51Goals scored132 (2.59 per match)Attendance1,507,790 ...

Makrofag

MakrofagMakrofag merentangkan lengan (filopodia)[1] untuk menelan dua partikel, kemungkinan patogen, pada tikus. Pengecualian pewarnaan triptan biru tripan.RincianPelafalan/ˈmakrə(ʊ)feɪdʒ/SistemSistem imunFungsiFagositosisPengidentifikasiBahasa LatinMacrophagocytusAkronimMφ, MΦMeSHD008264THH2.00.03.0.01007FMA63261Daftar istilah mikroanatomi[sunting di Wikidata] Makrofag adalah jenis sel darah putih dari sistem imun yang menelan dan mencerna patogen, seperti sel kanker, mikr...

 

Raymond Cazelles

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un historien français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Raymond CazellesBiographieNaissance 23 juillet 1917Deuil-la-Barre (Seine-et-Oise)Décès 2 janvier 1985 (à 67 ans)13e arrondissement de ParisNom de naissance Raymond Paul Pierre CazellesNationalité françaiseFormation École nationale des chartesActivités Médiéviste, historienAutres informati...

 

Professor X

Professor XKarya seni interior Professor X dari X-Men vol. 2 (11 Agustus 1992).Seni oleh Jim Lee.Informasi publikasiPenerbitMarvel ComicsPenampilan pertamaThe X-Men #1 (September 1963)Dibuat olehStan Lee (Penulis)Jack Kirby (Ilustrasi)Informasi dalam ceritaAlter egoCharles Francis XavierSpesiesManusia mutanAfiliasi timX-MenIlluminatiNama alias terkenalOnslaught, Consort-Royal, Founder, Doctor X, Warlord, Entity, Prisoner M-13Kemampuan Genius Kemampuan telepati dengan jangkaun luas Membaca pik...

Udon kiri

Japanese knife for cutting noodles udon kiri The udon kiri (うどん切), soba kiri (そば切 or 蕎麦切り包丁), and kashi kiri are a group of specialized knives used in the Japanese kitchen to make udon and soba noodles respectively. The udon kiri is also sometimes called menkiri bocho (麺切り包丁), and is distinguished from the Soba and Kashi kiri knives by a blade that drops in to cover less than half of the length of the handle rather that reaching the end of the handle like t...

 

Monte Giovi

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la frazione di Castel del Piano in provincia di Grosseto, vedi Montegiovi. Monte GioviContinenteEuropa Stati Italia Catena principaleSubappennino toscano (Appennino) Cima più elevataMonte Giovi (992 m s.l.m.) Il Monte Giovi (nome originario Monte di Giove) è un complesso montuoso formato da territori della media montagna. Si trova nella provincia di Firenze ed è posto sui prolungamenti della dorsale appenninica di Monte Morello e Monte S...

 

Zerstörergeschwader 1

Heavy/destroyer Fighter Aircraft-wing of World War II Zerstörergeschwader 1ZG 1 emblem depicting a wasp, or hornetCountry Nazi GermanyBranch LuftwaffeTypeHeavy fighterRoleair superioritynight fightersurgical strikeclose air supportOffensive counter airSizeAir Force WingNickname(s)Wespe (Wasp)Fighter AircraftMesserschmitt Bf 110InsigniaIdentificationsymbolGeschwaderkennung of 2NAircraft flownFighterBf 109, Bf 110, Me 210Military unit Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1—1st Destroyer...

Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas (Boucher)

Painting by François Boucher Vulcan Shows Venus His WeaponsArtistFrançois BoucherYear1757MediumOil on canvasDimensions320 cm × 320 cm (130 in × 130 in)LocationLouvre, Paris Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas (French: Les Forges de Vulcain) is an oil-on-canvas painting by François Boucher, executed in 1757 and now in the Louvre in Paris.[1][2] He produced it as the basis for one of a set of tapestries on The Loves of the ...

 

Beetlewing

Art made with the wings of beetles Off-white cotton sheer ground with embroidered design of a stylized floral spray. The vines are executed in gold foil strips, the small flowers in gilt sequins, and the leaves in beetle elytra. Sternocera aequisignata แมลงทับ, a beetle used in Thailand for beetlewing decoration. Tamamushi Shrine, Horyu-ji, Nara prefecture, Japan. Asuka Period, decorated with lacquer and oil painting on wood, gilt bronze plaques, and the iridescent wings of jewe...

 

Ralph P. Lowe

American judge This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ralph P. Lowe – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ralph Phillips Lowe4th Governor of IowaIn officeJanuary 13, 1858 – January 11, 1860Preceded byJames W. GrimesSucce...

アプリケーションソフトウェア

「アプリケーション」はこの項目へ転送されています。英語の意味については「wikt:応用」、「wikt:application」をご覧ください。 この記事には複数の問題があります。改善やノートページでの議論にご協力ください。 出典がまったく示されていないか不十分です。内容に関する文献や情報源が必要です。（2018年4月） 古い情報を更新する必要があります。（2021年3月）出...

 

Russell Mirasty

23rd Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan, Canada His Honour the HonourableRussell MirastySOM MSM23rd Lieutenant Governor of SaskatchewanIncumbentAssumed office July 18, 2019MonarchsElizabeth IICharles IIIGovernors GeneralJulie PayetteMary SimonPremierScott MoePreceded byW. Thomas Molloy Personal detailsBorn1956 or 1957 (age 66–67)[1]La Ronge, Saskatchewan, CanadaAlma materRCMP Academy, Depot DivisionProfessionPolice officer (Royal Canadian Mounted Police...

 

Grassy Knoll (album)

1994 studio album by The ExponentsGrassy KnollStudio album by The ExponentsReleasedSeptember 1994Recorded1994GenrePopLabelPhonogram Records AustraliaProducerDavid HemmingThe Exponents chronology Something Beginning with C(1992) Grassy Knoll(1994) Bitten, Twice Bitten The Singles 1981 - 1995(1995) Singles from Grassy Knoll House of LoveReleased: January 1994 Like She SaidReleased: August 1994 Don't Say GoodbyeReleased: November 1994 Grassy Knoll is the fifth studio album by the New Ze...

I liga 1967-1968

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento edizioni di competizioni calcistiche non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. I liga 1967-1968 Competizione I liga Sport Calcio Edizione 42ª Organizzatore PZPN Luogo  Polonia Partecipanti 14 Formula 1 girone all'italiana Cronologia della competizione 1966-...

 

Your Man Loves You Honey

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Your Man Loves You Honey – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016)1977 single by Tom T. HallYour Man Loves You HoneySingle by Tom T. Hallfrom the album About Love B-sideOne of the Mysteries of LifeReleasedApril 4, 1977GenreCountryLen...