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Echinocereus engelmannii
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Genus:	Echinocereus
Species:	E. engelmannii
Binomial name
	Echinocereus engelmannii; (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem.

Echinocereus engelmannii, the strawberry hedgehog cactus or Engelmann's hedgehog cactus,^[1] is a cactus commonly found in desert areas of the southwestern United States and the adjacent areas of Mexico, including the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Baja California and Sonora.

Description

Engelmann's hedgehog cactus usually grows in clusters, sometimes up to 20 and more stems.^[1] The bright magenta flowers bloom in April in its southern extremes to late May at northern locations. Flowers are borne at the upper half to one third of the stem and are funnelform in shape, up to 3.5 inches (8.9 centimetres) long with dark-green stigmas. The fruit is spiny. At first the fruit is green, becoming pink and drying when ripe. Ripe fruits have spines that are easily detached. Seeds are black and about a tenth of an inch in size. Stems are initially cylindrical and erect in young plants, but later with the stem base lying on the ground. The stems are usually 1.5 to 3.5 inches (3.8 to 8.9 centimetres) in diameter and up to 25 inches (64 centimetres) high, and obscured by heavy spines. The plants have around 10 ribs, which are somewhat flattened and tuberculate. Spines are variable in color and size. Radial spines are short and needlelike, up to 0.8 inches (2.0 centimetres) long, white, and arranged in a neat rosette. Central spines number 2 to 7 and are stout, usually twisted and angular, up to 3 inches (7.6 centimetres) long and variable in color: bright yellow, dark brown, grey, and white.^[2] Chromosome count is 2n=44.^[3]

Taxonomy

This species is located within the genus Echinocereus and is taxonomically closest to E. bonkerae Thornber & Bonker, E. dasyacanthus Engelm., E. fasciculatus (Engelm. ex S. Watson) L. D. Benson, E. fendleri (Engelm.) Rümpler, E. nicholii (L. D. Benson) B. D. Parfitt, E. papillosus A. Linke ex Rümpler, and E. pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm.. These species share the common traits of thick base tepals (>2mm), wide receptacular tubes, and dark coloring of the flower throat.^[4] Some molecular evidence supports the division of E. engelmannii into two species to distinguish its diploid ancestor E. relictus B. Wellard., which is distributed only in a narrow section of southwestern Utah and northern Arizona.^[5]

Distribution

Engelmann's hedgehog cactus is one of the most common species of cactus in the south-western US (southern California, Arizona, southern Nevada, Utah) and Mexico (Baja California down to northern Baja California Sur, Sonora) at elevations from sea level to 2400 meters. There are a number of varieties of Echinocereus engelmannii, and some are rare. Habitat: It grows in different dry habitats normally in well drained deserts in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts, chaparral, pinyon-juniper woodlands, grass, and Great Basin shrub in flats with fine sand on the plain, washes and canyons in the desert, and also in gravelly, sandy, or rocky hillsides, and in mountain ranges. The rich flora and diverse vegetation of the area includes, among others, Ferocactus cylindraceus, Mammillaria microcarpa, Mammillaria tetrancistra, Echinocereus scopulorum, Fouquieria sp., Larrea tridentata, Cercidium microphyllum, Idria columnaris, Opuntia leptocaulis, Opuntia ramosissima, and Opuntia engelmannii. Engelmann's hedgehog cactus is abundant throughout its range.^[6]

Uses

Echinocereus engelmannii is used as a landscape plant in its native areas. In pot culture, this species requires well aerated gritty substrate and a hot and sunny location in the summer. During winter, this species tolerates light frost and wet (if well-drained) soil. In cultivation, this species usually does not bloom until it develops 2–3 branches.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b "Echinocereus Engelmannii". The American Southwest. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
^ "The University of Texas at Austin". Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. 2010-09-09. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
^ Wellard, B. (2016-12-14). "A new ancestral diploid species of Echinocereus (Cactaceae) endemic to southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona (U.S.A.)". ResearchGate. p. 345–359. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
^ Sánchez, D., Terrazas, T., Grego-Valencia, D., & Arias, S. (2018). Phylogeny in Echinocereus (Cactaceae) based on combined morphological and molecular evidence: taxonomic implications. Systematics and Biodiversity, 16(1), 28-44.
^ Wellard, B. (2016). A new ancestral diploid species of Echinocereus (Cactaceae) endemic to southwestern Utah and northwestern Arizona (USA). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 345-359
^ "Echinocereus engelmannii". LLIFLE. 2013-08-04. Retrieved 2024-01-24.