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Dorchester
Dorchester
	The old Bell Inn in Dorchester, New Brunswick was an inn between 1820 and 1860.
	Dorchester Location of Dorchester, New Brunswick
	Coordinates: 45°54′5.6″N 64°30′57.9″W / 45.901556°N 64.516083°W
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
County	Westmorland
Parish	Dorchester Parish
Town	Tantramar
Area
• Land	5.71 km2 (2.20 sq mi)
Population (2021)
• Total	906
• Density	158.7/km2 (411/sq mi)
• Change; 2016–21	17.3%
Time zone	UTC-4 (Atlantic)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (Atlantic)
Area code	Area code 506
Dwellings	221
Website	www.dorchester.ca

Dorchester is a community in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada. The community became part of the new town of Tantramar in the 2023 New Brunswick local governance reform.^[2] Originally incorporated as a town^[4] in 1911, it was converted to a village in 1966.^[5] By 1825 it had been named for Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, an 18th-century Governor-General of the old Province of Quebec, but prior to that was called Botsford.^[6]

It is located on the eastern side of the mouth of the lush Memramcook River valley near the river's discharge point into Shepody Bay. Dorchester is an English-speaking community but it is adjacent to French-speaking Acadian areas farther up the Memramcook River valley.

History

The shire town of the county, Dorchester has several fine historic homes and civic buildings most of which were built by local lawyer and Master Builder, John Francis Teed. During the 19th century, Dorchester and neighbouring Dorchester Island were important shipbuilding centres. Numerous master mariners also lived in Dorchester and vicinity during the Golden Age of Sail. Prior to rail service, it was a centre for the stagecoach, as well as a busy ship port. The community was transformed with the construction in 1872 of the Intercolonial Railway between Halifax and Rivière-du-Loup. In 1911, the village founded the Dorchester Light and Fire Company which is now known as the Dorchester Volunteer Fire Department. In 1965, the village courthouse was destroyed by arson. Many in the community came to the town square to watch the building burn. The only thing left of the courthouse was the safe. It is now used in the village hall where the courthouse once stood. The courthouse was never rebuilt, and much of the economy behind it left the community.

Dorchester was home to Edward Barron Chandler, a father of confederation and his family who built their home, Chandler House, commonly referred to as Rocklynn which is now a nationally recognized historic property.

Premier Louis Robichaud's government during the 1960s created an industrial park and deepwater loading pier at nearby Dorchester Cape as part of a regional economic development program. Envisioned to be used by the petro-chemical industry, the government constructed a new road and railway spur along with an electrical substation and the pier as well as a building that was envisioned to be used as a fertilizer plant. The industrial park had no tenants and the pier sitting in the Memramcook River was quickly silted in by mud from the tides of the Bay of Fundy. Today all that remains are the roads and the railbed as well as some broken street lights, a deteriorating sea wall and the empty shell of the abandoned fertilizer plant.^{[citation needed]}

In 1998, the Dorchester Jail was also closed. It is currently a fitness gym and a bed and breakfast.

On 1 January 2023, Dorchester amalgamated with the town of Sackville and parts of three local service districts to form the new town of Tantramar.^[7]^[8] The community's name remains in official use.^[9]

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Dorchester had a population of 906 living in 207 of its 221 total private dwellings, a change of -17.3% from its 2016 population of 1,096. With a land area of 5.71 km² (2.20 sq mi), it had a population density of 158.7/km² (411.0/sq mi) in 2021.^[1]

Population trend ^[10]^[11]^[12]

Census	Population	Change (%)
2021	906	17.3%
2016	1,096	6.1%
2011	1,167	4.3%
2006	1,119	17.3%
2001	954	19.1%
1996	1,179	39.0%
1991	848	41.3%
1986	1,198	8.8%
1981	1,101	N/A

Income (2015)^[12]

Income type	By CAD
Median Total income per capita	$28,501
Median Household Income	$49,280
Median Family Income	$59,392

Mother tongue (2016) ^[12]

Language	Population	Pct (%)
English	390	90.7%
French	35	8.1%
Other languages	5	1.2%
English and French	0	0%

Economy

The village's main employer today is the Correctional Service of Canada, which operates a prison complex now comprising the medium-security (once maximum-security) Dorchester Penitentiary, and the minimum-security Westmorland Institution.

Many residents commute to work in the nearby towns of Sackville and Amherst or the cities of Moncton and Dieppe.

A recent influx of residents is creating a new demand for Dorchester.

Tourism is centred on the historic and natural features of the area. One of Dorchester's most historic buildings houses the Keillor House Museum. The annual shorebird migration to the mud flats of nearby Johnson's Mills is celebrated by an oversize model of a semi-palmated sandpiper situated in the village square.

Transportation

Although situated on the CN Rail main line between Halifax and Montreal, Dorchester no longer has a passenger station, with travellers having to entrain/detrain in Sackville or Moncton. The nearest airport is the Greater Moncton International Airport, a 40 km drive in Dieppe.

Notable people

William Henry Snyder Nickerson - Dorchester born winner of the Victoria Cross for actions performed during the Second Boer War.
John F. Hickman - Canadian soldier, victim of the 1919 Kinmel Park riots in Wales after World War I. His parents lived in Dorchester and he is buried at Dorchester Rural Cemetery.^[13]
Edward Barron Chandler - Father of Confederation. His family home, Chandler House, commonly referred to as Rocklynn, was later inhabited by the Teed Family.
John Francis Teed - architect, lawyer and Master Builder, a "third-generation Loyalist [who] was one of Dorchester, New Brunswick's most celebrated master builders. Teed's reputation was sealed with the construction of Mount Allison University's Centennial College Hall (1884) and Owens Art Gallery (1895). In 1895, he supervised the expansion of St. Francis Xavier University's Xavier Hall with the addition of a new two-storey west wing.^[14] " He is an ancestor of the Teeds of Saint John.
Douglas How (1919–2001) - journalist, magazine editor, and author.
Sir Pierre-Amand Landry (1846–1916) - Acadian lawyer, judge and political figure.
Sir Albert James Smith (1822–1883) - politician and opponent of Canadian confederation.
Forbes Kennedy (1935-) - Hockey player who last played for the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Trivia

Dorchester appears fictionalized in Douglas How's humorous book Blow Up the Trumpet in the New Moon (1993).
The song Dorchester by Matt Minglewood is about the Dorchester Penitentiary.
Dorchester is home to what may be the world's largest sculpture of a sandpiper, Shep.^[15]
The Bell Inn Restaurant is one of New Brunswick's oldest surviving stone buildings, built sometime between 1811 and 1821.^[16] It is also in the book of Where To Eat In Canada.
The Dorchester Jail was the location of the last double hanging in New Brunswick, in September 1936

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Census Profile of Dorchester". Statistics Canada. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
^ "Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act". Government of New Brunswick. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
^ Acts of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick Passed in the Month of April, 1911. Fredericton: R. W. L. Tibbits, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. 1911. pp. 317ff.
^ Incorporated exclusively for fire protection and street lighting,^[3] it did not fall under the Towns Act.
^ Provincial Archives New Brunswick. "Dorchester". Place Name of New Brunswick: Where is home?..... GNB.
^ Provincial Archives New Brunswick. "Dorchester". Place Name of New Brunswick: Where is home?..... GNB.
^ "Local Governments Establishment Regulation – Local Governance Act". Government of New Brunswick. 12 October 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
^ "RSC 7 Southeast Regional Service Commission". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
^ "Proposed entity names reflect strong ties to nature and history" (Press release). Irishtown, New Brunswick: Government of New Brunswick. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
^ Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census
^ "2011 Census Profile: Dorchester, New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Census Profile, 2016 Census Dorchester, Village [Census subdivision], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
^ [1] CWGC Casualty record.
^ "Antigonish and its Architects and Builders". people.stfx.ca. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
^ Fowler, Shane (March 22, 2023). "Giant sandpiper made of steel, fibreglass, epoxy — and a dash of controversy". CBC News. For the last two months, artist Robin Hanson has been creating what he believes to be the world's largest semipalmated sandpiper.
^ "Bell Inn". HistoricPlaces.ca. Parks Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.