Dhenuka (raga)

Dhenuka
Arohanam	S R₁ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₃ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₃ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₁ S
Equivalent	Neapolitan minor scale

Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style tambura
Concepts
Śruti Svara Rāga Tāḷa Mēḷakarta Asaṃpūrṇa Mēḷakarta
Compositions
Gītaṃ Svarajati Varṇaṃ Kr̥ti Kīrtana Rāgaṃ Tānaṃ Pallavi Tillana
Instruments
Melody Sarasvati Vīṇā Veṇu Nādasvaraṃ Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā) Violin Percussion Mr̥daṅgaṃ Ghaṭaṃ Morsing Kanjira Thavil Drone Tambura Shruti box
Composers Glossary
v t e

Dhenuka (pronounced dhēnukā) is a rāgam (musical scale) in Carnatic music. It is the 9th Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music.

It is called Dhunibinnashadjam^[1]^[2] in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 3rd rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Go. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni.^[1] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

ārohaṇa: S R₁ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₃ Ṡ^[a]
avarohaṇa: Ṡ N₃ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₁ S^[b]

(Suddha Rishabham, Sadharana Gandharam, Suddha Madhyamam, Suddha Dhaivatham, Kakali Nishadham)

As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the Suddha madhyamam equivalent of Shubhapantuvarali, which is the 45th melakarta.

Asampurna Melakarta

Dhunibinnashadjam is the 9th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same as Dhenuka.^[3]

Janya Rāgams

Dhenuka has a few janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of Janya Rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Dhenuka.

Compositions

TeliyalEru rAmA composed by Tyagaraja is one of the most often rendered in concerts.
Raavayya Rama composed by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna

Film Songs

Language:Tamil

Song	Movie	Composer	Singer
Aattuviththaal Yaaroruvar	Avandhan Manidhan	M. S. Viswanathan	T. M. Soundararajan
Yen Soga Kadhaiye	Thooral Ninnu Pochchu	Ilaiyaraaja	Malaysia Vasudevan,Krishnamoorthi
Roja Poonthotam	Kannukkul Nilavu		P. Unni Krishnan, Anuradha Sriram
Kadhal Ragamum	Indiran Chandiran		Mano, K. S. Chitra
Malligai Poo Kathilile	Enne Petha Raasa		Mano
Raathiri Neram Railadi Oram	Bramma		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Maayonae	Maayon		Ranjani–Gayatri
Unnoda Nadantha	Viduthalai Part 1		Dhanush,Ananya Bhat
Uthaya geetham Paaduven	Uthaya Geetham	Ilayaraaja	S.P. Balasubramaniam

Related rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Dhenuka's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 3 other Melakarta rāgams, namely, Shanmukhapriya, Chitrambari and Shoolini. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the Shadjam to the next note in the rāgam.

Notes

^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: S Ṟ G̱ M P Ḏ N Ṡ
- Western: C D♭ E♭ F G A♭ B C
^
Alternate notations:
- Hindustani: Ṡ N Ḏ P M G̱ Ṟ S
- Western: C B A♭ G F E♭ D♭ C

References

^ ^a ^b Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
^ Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
^ Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai

Melakarta Ragas

Shuddha
Madhyama
Ragas

Indu chakra	1. Kanakangi 2. Ratnangi 3. Ganamurti 4. Vanaspati 5. Manavati 6. Tanarupi
Netra chakra	7. Senavati 8. Hanumatodi 9. Dhenuka 10. Natakapriya 11. Kokilapriya 12. Rupavati
Agni chakra	13. Gayakapriya 14. Vakulabharanam 15. Mayamalavagowla 16. Chakravakam 17. Suryakantam 18. Hatakambari
Veda chakra	19. Jhankaradhvani 20. Natabhairavi 21. Keeravani 22. Kharaharapriya 23. Gourimanohari 24. Varunapriya
Bana chakra	25. Mararanjani 26. Charukesi 27. Sarasangi 28. Harikambhoji 29. Sankarabharanam 30. Naganandini
Ritu chakra	31. Yagapriya 32. Ragavardhini 33. Gangeyabhushani 34. Vagadheeswari 35. Shulini 36. Chalanata

Prati
Madhyama
Ragas

Rishi chakra	37. Salagam 38. Jalarnavam 39. Jhalavarali 40. Navaneetam 41. Pavani 42. Raghupriya
Vasu chakra	43. Gavambhodi 44. Bhavapriya 45. Shubhapantuvarali 46. Shadvidamargini 47. Suvarnangi 48. Divyamani
Brahma chakra	49. Dhavalambari 50. Namanarayani 51. Kamavardani 52. Ramapriya 53. Gamanashrama 54. Vishwambari
Disi chakra	55. Shamalangi 56. Shanmukhapriya 57. Simhendramadhyamam 58. Hemavati 59. Dharmavati 60. Neetimati
Rudra chakra	61. Kantamani 62. Rishabhapriya 63. Latangi 64. Vachaspati 65. Mechakalyani 66. Chitrambari
Aditya chakra	67. Sucharitra 68. Jyoti swarupini 69. Dhatuvardani 70. Nasikabhushani 71. Kosalam 72. Rasikapriya

v t e Janya ragas
A-B	Abheri Abhogi Ahiri Amritavarshini Amritha Kalyani Anandabhairavi Andolika Arabhi Asaveri Atana Bageshri Bahudari Bhairavi Bhimsen Bhupalam Bilahari Bowli
D-J	Darbar Darbari Kanada Devagandhari Dhanyasi Gambhiranata Garudadhvani Gaula Hamsadhvani Hamsanadam Hamsanandi Hindolam Jana Ranjani Jaunpuri
K-L	Kalavati Kalyanavasantam Kambhoji Kāpi Karnataka Shuddha Saveri Kathanakuthuhalam Kedaragaula Kedaram Khamas Lalitha Lavangi
M	Mahati Madhuvanti Madhyamavati Malahari Malayamarutam Mohanakalyani Mohanam Mukhari
N-R	Nada Kalyani Nagasvaravali Nata Nattakurinji Navarasa kannada Niroshta Pharaju Poornachandrika Punnagavarali Ranjani Reethigowla Revagupti Revati
S	Sahana Salaga Bhairavi Saramati Saveri Shivaranjani Sri Tyagaraja Shree ragam Shree ranjani Shuddha Saveri Sindhu Bhairavi Sunadavinodini Surutti
T-V	Thyagaraja Mangalam Tilang Udayaravichandrika (Shuddha Dhanyasi) Valaji Varali Vasantha Yadukulakamboji Yamunakalyani
Carnatic music Swaras Melakarta ragas Asampurna Melakarta ragas List of Janya ragas

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