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Desulfobacteraceae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Myxococcota
Order:	Desulfobacterales
Family:	Desulfobacteraceae; Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006
Genera
	"Algorimarina"; "Desulfamplus"; Desulfobacter; Desulfobacterium; Desulfobacula; Desulfobotulus; Desulfocella; Desulfocicer; Desulfoconvexum; Desulfonatronobacter; Desulforapulum; Desulfosalsimonas; Desulfospira; Desulfotignum;

The Desulfobacteraceae are a family of Thermodesulfobacteriota. They reduce sulfates to sulfides to obtain energy and are strictly anaerobic. They have a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Some species are chemolithotrophic and use inorganic materials to obtain energy and use hydrogen as their electron donor.

Biology and biochemistry

Morphology

Desulfobacteraceae vary widely in shape and size across the family. Desulfofaba are straight or slightly curved rods that range in size from 0.8 to 2.1 x 3.2-6.1 μm. Those in the genus Desulfobacterium are spherical or oval shaped and somewhat smaller, ranging in size from 0.9 to 1.3 x 1.5-3.0 μm or 1.5-2.0 x 2.0-2.5 μm. They stain Gram-negative and are not known to produce spores. Some species contain a single polar flagellum used for motility.

Genus and species of Desulfobacteraceae may only be definitively distinguished by analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, but certain genera may be determined through physiological characteristics alone. Desulfofrigus displays an optimal growth rate at very low temperatures compared to other sulfate reducing bacteria. It is also unable to grow in the presence of propionate.

Metabolism

Most species of Desulfobacteraceae use sulfur compounds as their main energy source. The most common source used is sulfate which, through metabolic processes, is reduced to sulfide. In an environment with little or no sulfate, sulfite or elemental sulfur may also be used and reduced into sulfide. In rare cases nitrate may also be used as a food source and reduced into ammonia. They have very efficient sulfate reduction rates (between 12 and 423 mu mol/dm³ day⁻¹) in optimal conditions.^[1]

Habitat

Desulfobacteraceae may be found in a range of locations but are most often found in saline and hypersaline waters including salt lakes and the ocean. They have also been found in polar ice in Antarctica. They may be found trapped within ice, floating within the water column, or living on or in other organisms such as sea sponges.^[2]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[3] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[4]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023^[5]^[6]^[7]

120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214^[8]^[9]^[10]

Desulforegulaceae	Desulforegula Rees & Patel 2001

Desulfofabaceae

	Desulfofaba Knoblauch, Sahm & Jorgensen 1999

	Desulfatiferula Cravo-Laureau et al. 2007

Desulfofaba fastidiosa

Desulfolunaceae

	Desulfofrigus Knoblauch, Sahm & Jorgensen 1999

	Desulfoluna Suzuki et al. 2008

Desulfobacteraceae

	Desulfocella Brandt, Patel & Ingvorsen 1999

	Desulfobotulus Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2009

	Desulforapulum Galushko & Kuever 2021

	Desulfocicer Galushko & Kuever 2021

Desulfoconvexum Konneke et al. 2013

Desulfobacula Rabus et al. 2000

	Desulfospira Finster, Liesack & Tindall 1997

	Desulfotignum Kuever et al. 2001

Desulfobacter Widdel 1981

Desulfolunaceae	Desulfoluna

Desulforegulaceae

	Desulforegula

	Desulfobotulus

Desulfobacteraceae

Desulforapulum

	"Desulfamplus" Descamps et al. 2017

	Desulfocicer

Desulfobacula

	Desulfospira

	Desulfotignum

Desulfobacter

References

Notes

^ "Web of Science [v.5.19] - All Databases Full Record". apps.webofknowledge.com. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
^ Ahn, Young-Beom; Kerkhof, Lee J.; Häggblom, Max M. (2009-09-01). "Desulfoluna spongiiphila sp. nov., a dehalogenating bacterium in the Desulfobacteraceae from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Pt 9): 2133–2139. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.005884-0. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19605712.
^ A.C. Parte; et al. "Desulfobacteraceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
^ Sayers; et al. "Desulfobacteraceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Sources

Foti, M., D. Y. Sorokin, B. Lomans, M. Mussman, E. E. Zacharova, N. V. Pimenov, J. G. Kuenen, and G. Muyzer. "Diversity, Activity, and Abundance of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Saline and Hypersaline Soda Lakes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73.7 (2007): 2093–100.
Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6.
Purcell, Alicia M. et al. “Microbial Sulfur Transformations in Sediments from Subglacial Lake Whillans.” Frontiers in Microbiology 5 (2014): 594. PMC. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.