Demographics of North Macedonia

Demographic features of the population of North Macedonia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of North Macedonia
North Macedonia population pyramid in 2020
PopulationDecrease 1,836,713 (2021)[1]
Growth rateDecrease -0.32% (2020)[1]
Birth rateDecrease 9.2 per 1,000 (2020)[1]
Death rateNegative increase 12.4 per 1,000 (2020)[1]
Life expectancyIncrease 76.40 years (2020)
 • maleIncrease 74.45 years (2020)
 • femaleIncrease 78.41 years (2020)
Fertility rateIncrease 1.59 live births per woman (2020)[2][1]
Infant mortality rateNegative increase 6.7 per 1,000 (2020)[1]
Net migration rateIncrease −766 (2020)[2]
Age structure
0–14 yearsDecrease 17.1% (2012)
15–64 yearsIncrease 71.0% (2011)
65 and overIncrease 11.9% (2012)
Sex ratio
At birth1.08 male(s)/female (2012)
Under 151.08 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
15–64 years1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
65 and over0.78 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Macedonian(s)
adjective: Macedonian
Major ethnicDecrease Macedonians (58.44%) (2021)
Minor ethnicDecrease Albanians (24.3%) (2021)

Increase Administrative source (7.2%) (2021)[3]

Increase Turks 3.86% (2021)

Decrease Romani 2.53% (2021)

Decrease Serbs 1.30% (2021)

Increase Bosniaks 0.87% (2021)

Decrease Aromanians 0.47% (2021)
Language
OfficialMacedonian, Albanian
SpokenDecrease Macedonian (61.38%) (2021)[4]

Decrease Albanian (24.34%) (2021)[5]

Increase Administrative sources (7.2%) (2021)[6]

Decrease Turkish (3.41%) (2021)

Decrease Romani (1.73%) (2021)

Increase Bosnian (0.85%) (2021)

Decrease Serbian (0.61%) (2021)

Decrease Aromanian (0.17%) (2021)

Decrease Other (0.15%) (2021)

Total population

Year Resident population Growth rate Population density per km2
1921 808,724 - 31.5
1931 949,958 +17.46% 36.9
1948 1,152,986 +21.37% 44.8
1953 1,304,514 +13.14% 50.7
1961 1,406,003 +7.78% 54.7
1971 1,647,308 +17.16% 64.1
1981 1,909,136 +15.89% 74.2
1991 2,033,964 +6.54% 79.1
1994 1,945,932 -4.33% 75.7
2002 2,022,547 +3.94% 78.7
2021 1,836,713 -9.19% 71.4
Source: State Statistical Office, North Macedonia[7]

International statistics and estimates

According to statistics from the European Union, the actual population has been reduced by at least 230,000 people who emigrated into European Union member states between 1998 and 2011.[8] Further Albanian news sources estimated at October 2012 that the real population is closer to the sum of 1,744,237 people who are accounted within all of the health funds of the country.[9][10] According to Bozhidar Dimitrov, the Bulgarian authorities have granted 87,000 to many of those emigrants a Bulgarian passport, as of 2012, which requires that they declare to be ethnic Bulgarians.[11][12] Since Bulgaria's entry into the European Union, and under pressure from fellow European Union members, Bulgaria imposed more stringent rules and measures for the acquisition of a Bulgarian citizenship and passport.

The provisions of the Ohrid agreement to elevate any minority language if the minority in question is above 20% of the population of any municipality into a co-official language for that municipality has created friction within the government, and between officials of different political and ethnic interests, resulting in the indefinite postponement of the census for almost twenty years until it was finally conducted in 2021.[13]

Vital statistics

[14][15]

Source: State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia[16]

Population Data for period 2003-2020 was revised by the Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia [17]

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Female fertile population (15–49 years)
1950 1,229,000 49,560 18,023 31,537 40.3 14.7 25.7 5.70 294,931
1951 1,262,000 45,329 20,747 24,582 35.9 16.4 19.5 5.14 301,089
1952 1,280,000 51,054 17,978 33,076 39.9 14.0 25.8 5.64 307,247
1953 1,310,000 49,665 19,312 30,353 37.9 14.7 23.2 5.26 313,405
1954 1,338,000 50,984 16,722 34,262 38.1 12.5 25.6 5.27 317,457
1955 1,355,000 49,093 17,919 31,174 36.2 13.2 23.0 4.95 321,509
1956 1,357,000 47,486 15,386 32,100 35.0 11.3 23.7 4.63 325,561
1957 1,364,000 46,107 17,341 28,766 33.8 12.7 21.1 4.21 341,923
1958 1,375,000 44,619 13,917 30,702 32.5 10.1 22.3 4.27 324,023
1959 1,382,000 44,638 14,998 29,640 32.3 10.9 21.4 4.21 326,697
1960 1,391,927 44,059 14,007 30,052 31.7 10.1 21.6 4.11 330,666
1961 1,408,302 42,182 13,141 29,041 30.0 9.3 20.6 3.87 334,636
1962 1,427,771 40,615 16,155 24,460 28.4 11.3 17.1 3.68 339,207
1963 1,449,932 41,284 13,229 28,055 28.5 9.1 19.3 3.70 346,815
1964 1,473,996 42,897 13,286 29,611 29.1 9.0 20.1 3.79 355,915
1965 1,499,729 42,433 12,758 29,675 28.3 8.5 19.8 3.67 364,762
1966 1,525,841 41,434 12,307 29,127 27.2 8.1 19.1 3.55 374,067
1967 1,550,453 40,763 12,523 28,240 26.3 8.1 18.2 3.44 385,649
1968 1,575,714 40,123 12,461 27,662 25.5 7.9 17.6 3.35 385,966
1969 1,602,993 40,342 13,111 27,231 25.2 8.2 17.0 3.24 407,438
1970 1,629,061 37,862 12,430 25,432 23.2 7.6 15.6 2.98 414,466
1971 1,654,076 37,904 12,447 25,457 22.9 7.5 15.4 2.93 421,227
1972 1,679,456 38,187 13,096 25,091 22.7 7.8 14.9 2.85 433,922
1973 1,704,602 37,478 12,217 25,261 22.0 7.2 14.8 2.72 441,858
1974 1,729,935 38,382 12,143 26,239 22.2 7.0 15.2 2.70 449,166
1975 1,756,335 39,579 12,629 26,950 22.5 7.2 15.3 2.70 459,158
1976 1,783,518 39,809 12,377 27,432 22.3 6.9 15.4 2.68 460,430
1977 1,810,148 38,932 12,899 26,033 21.5 7.1 14.4 2.54 471,191
1978 1,836,270 38,790 12,577 26,213 21.1 6.8 14.3 2.49 477,743
1979 1,863,728 39,407 12,653 26,754 21.1 6.8 14.4 2.49 485,717
1980 1,891,319 39,784 13,542 26,242 21.0 7.2 13.9 2.46 493,691
1981 1,916,713 39,488 13,383 26,105 20.6 7.0 13.6 2.48 491,236
1982 1,941,914 39,789 13,510 26,279 20.5 7.0 13.5 2.45 494,342
1983 1,967,556 39,210 14,391 24,819 19.9 7.3 12.6 2.40 506,961
1984 1,992,424 38,861 14,066 24,795 19.5 7.1 12.4 2.35 510,613
1985 2,016,942 38,722 14,408 24,314 19.2 7.1 12.1 2.32 516,226
1986 2,041,064 38,234 14,438 23,796 18.7 7.1 11.7 2.27 521,084
1987 2,065,005 38,572 14,644 23,928 18.7 7.1 11.6 2.27 529,021
1988 2,088,651 37,879 14,565 23,314 18.1 7.0 11.2 2.22 530,321
1989 2,070,912 35,927 14,592 21,335 17.3 7.0 10.3 2.09 538,168
1990 2,053,172 35,401 14,643 20,758 17.2 7.1 10.1 2.06 547,749
1991 2,035,433 34,830 14,789 20,041 17.1 7.3 9.8 2.30 512,254
1992 2,017,694 33,238 16,022 17,216 16.5 7.9 8.5 2.20 507,575
1993 1,999,955 32,374 15,591 16,783 16.2 7.8 8.4 2.15 502,896
1994[18] 1,945,932 31,421 15,649 15,772 16.1 8.0 8.1 2.09 501,788
1995 1,966,033 29,886 16,169 13,717 15.2 8.2 7.0 1.98 505,349
1996 1,983,009 28,946 15,882 13,064 14.6 8.0 6.6 1.90 511,941
1997 1,996,869 26,830 16,373 10,457 13.4 8.2 5.2 1.75 517,392
1998 2,007,523 26,639 16,628 10,011 13.3 8.3 5.0 1.73 520,862
1999 2,017,142 24,964 16,622 8,342 12.4 8.2 4.1 1.61 523,687
2000 2,026,350 26,168 17,085 9,083 12.9 8.4 4.5 1.68 526,563
2001 2,034,882 24,183 16,790 7,393 11.9 8.3 3.6 1.55 529,374
2002 2,020,157 24,154 17,866 6,288 12.0 8.8 3.1 1.59 522,016
2003 2,022,725 23,596 17,813 5,783 11.7 8.8 2.9 1.55 523,044
2004 2,016,186 23,361 17,944 5,417 11.6 8.9 2.7 1.54 520,696
2005 2,005,330 22,482 18,406 4,076 11.2 9.2 2.0 1.49 516,960
2006 1,994,287 22,585 18,630 3,955 11.3 9.3 2.0 1.51 513,243
2007 1,982,933 22,688 19,594 3,094 11.4 9.9 1.6 1.53 509,072
2008 1,971,493 22,945 18,982 3,963 11.6 9.6 2.0 1.56 504,139
2009 1,958,782 23,684 19,060 4,624 12.1 9.7 2.4 1.63 498,130
2010 1,946,298 24,296 19,113 5,183 12.5 9.8 2.7 1.70 490,751
2011 1,937,398 22,770 19,465 3,305 11.8 10.0 1.7 1.62 483,441
2012 1,929,821 23,568 20,134 3,434 12.2 10.4 1.8 1.71 476,635
2013 1,922,716 23,138 19,208 3,930 12.0 10.0 2.0 1.70 469,371
2014 1,917,557 23,596 19,718 3,878 12.3 10.3 2.0 1.76 461,769
2015 1,912,430 23,075 20,461 2,614 12.1 10.7 1.4 1.76 454,398
2016 1,906,313 23,002 20,421 2,581 12.1 10.7 1.4 1.78 447,443
2017 1,898,657 21,754 20,318 1,436 11.5 10.7 0.8 1.72 440,271
2018[19] 1,889,051 21,333 19,727 1,606 11.3 10.4 0.9 1.73 432,640
2019[20][21] 1,876,262 19,845 20,446 -601 10.6 10.9 -0.3 1.65 424,658
2020[22][23] 1,856,124 19,031 25,755 -6,724 10.3 13.9 -3.6 1.62 416,741
2021[24][25] 1,837,114 18,648 28,516 -9,868 10.2 15.5 -5.4 1.62 410,912
2022 1,831,712 18,073 22,459 -4,386 9.9 12.3 -2.4 1.59 407,934
2023 1,827,816 16,737 20,187 -3,450 9.2 11.0 -1.9 1.48 404,624

Current vital statistics

Life expectancy in North Macedonia since 1950
Life expectancy in North Macedonia since 1960 by gender

[26]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - September 2023 12,086 14,693 -2,607
January - September 2024 11,694 14,634 -2,940
Difference Decrease -392 (-3.24%) Positive decrease -59 (-0.40%) Decrease -333

Marriages and divorces

Ethnic groups

The process of industrialization and urbanization after the Second World War that caused the population growth to decrease involved the ethnic Macedonians to a greater extent than Muslims. Rates of increase were very high among rural Muslims: Turks and Torbesh (Macedonian Muslims) had rates 2.5 times those of the Macedonian majority, while Roma had rates 3 times as high. In 1994, Macedonians had a TFR of 2.07, while the TFR of others were: Albanian (2.10), Turkish (3.55), Roma (4.01), Serb (2.07), Vlachs (1.88) and Others (3.05). The TFR by religions was: Christian (2.17, with 2.20 for Catholics and 2.06 for Orthodox), Islam (4.02) and others (2.16).[28]

However, it is unlikely that this high minority TFR has continued since then in North Macedonia, as Balkan fertility elsewhere (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo) has dropped sharply toward the European average. A more recent survey[29] pegs Muslim fertility in North Macedonia at 1.7, versus 1.5 for non-Muslims.

  • Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1961.
    Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1961.
  • Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1971.
    Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1971.
  • Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1981.
    Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1981.
  • Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1991.
    Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1991.
  • Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1991.
    Ethnic structure of SR Macedonia by settlements 1991.
  • Ethnic structure of R. Macedonia by settlements 1994.
    Ethnic structure of R. Macedonia by settlements 1994.
  • Ethnic structure of R. Macedonia by settlements 2002.
    Ethnic structure of R. Macedonia by settlements 2002.
  • Ethnic structure of R. North Macedonia by settlements 2021.
    Ethnic structure of R. North Macedonia by settlements 2021.
Population of North Macedonia according to ethnic group 1948–2021[30]
Ethnic
group 		census 1948 census 1953 census 1961 census 1971 census 1981 census 1991 census 19941 census 2002 census 2021
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Macedonians 789,648 68.5 860,699 66.0 1,000,854 71.2 1,142,375 69.3 1,281,195 67.0 1,328,187 65.3 1,295,964 66.6 1,297,981 64.18 1,073,299 58.44
Albanians 197,389 17.1 162,524 12.5 183,108 13.0 279,871 17.0 377,726 19.8 441,987 21.7 441,104 22.7 509,083 25.17 446,245 24.30
Turks 95,940 8.3 203,938 15.6 131,481 9.4 108,552 6.6 86,691 4.5 77,080 3.8 78,019 4.0 77,959 3.85 70,961 3.86
Romani 19,500 1.7 20,462 1.6 20,606 1.5 24,505 1.5 43,223 2.3 52,103 2.6 43,707 2.2 53,879 2.66 46,433 2.53
Serbs 29,721 2.6 35,112 2.7 42,728 3.0 46,465 2.8 44,613 2.3 42,775 2.1 40,228 2.1 35,939 1.78 23,847 1.30
Bosniaks 6,829 0.3 17,018 0.84 16,042 0.87
Aromanians 9,511 0.8 8,668 0.7 8,046 0.6 7,190 0.4 6,392 0.3 7,764 0.4 8,601 0.4 9,695 0.48 8,714 0.47
Torbeshi 4,174 0.23
Bulgarians 889 0.1 920 0.1 3,087 0.2 3,334 0.2 1,984 0.1 1,370 0.1 1,682 0.1 1,417 0.07 3,504 0.19
Ashkali 2,406 0.13
Croats 2,090 0.2 2,770 0.2 3,801 0.3 3,882 0.2 3,349 0.2 2,878 0.1 2,248 0.1 2,686 0.13 2,145 0.12
Muslims 1,560 0.1 1,591 0.1 3,002 0.2 1,248 0.1 39,555 2.1 31,356 1.5 15,418 0.8 2,553 0.13 1,187 0.06
Montenegrins 2,348 0.2 2,526 0.2 3,414 0.2 3,246 0.2 3,940 0.2 3,225 0.1 2,318 0.1 2,003 0.10 1,023 0.06
Yugoslavs 1,260 0.1 3,652 0.2 14,240 0.7 344 0.02
other/unspecified [31] 4,390 0.4 5,304 0.4 4,616 0.3 22,988 1.4 6,228 0.3 45,239 2.2 9,814 0.5 14,8872 0.74 136,3893 7.42
Total 1,152,986 1,304,514 1,406,003 1,647,308 1,909,136 2,033,964 1,945,932 2,022,547 1,836,713
1 Since 1994 residents who were permanently living abroad were no longer included

2 Ashkali: 3,713 or 0.184%, Greeks: 422 or 0.021%, Russians: 368 or 0.018%, Slovenes: 365 or 0.018%, Poles: 162 or 0.008%, Ukrainians: 136 or 0.007%, Germans: 88 or 0.004%, Czechs: 60 or 0.005%, Slovaks: 60 or 0.005%, Jews: 53 or 0.003%, Italians: 46 or 0.002%, Austrians: 35 or 0.002%, Rusyns: 24 or 0.001%, Regionally affiliated: 829 or 0.041%, Non-declared: 404 or 0.02%, Others: 5332 or 0.264%

3 Regionally affiliated: 110 or 0.01%, Non-declared: 450* or 0.02%, Citizens for whom the data are taken from administrative sources, not included directly in the census (without ethnic declaration) 132,260 or 7.20%.*[clarification needed]

In 2017, 21,754 children were born in North Macedonia. The ethnic affiliation of these newborns was: 11,260 (51.76%) Macedonian; 7,404 (34.03%) Albanian; 940 (4.32%) Turkish; 1,276 (5.87%) Roma; 40 (0.18%) Vlach; 129 (0.59%) Serbian; 213 (0.98%) Bosniaks; 492 (2,26%) other ethnic affiliation and unknown.[32][33] In the school year 2016/2017 there were 192 715 students in elementary schools from which 104,756 (55%) were Macedonian, and 60,971 (32%) were Albanian, and in High schools there were 72 482 students from which 43,658 (60.1%) were Macedonian and 22 419 (30.9%) were Albanians. Furthermore, in 1999 Albanians accounted for 34.6% of newborns and 26.1% of students who finished high school in 2016, which was regulated by the Ministry of Education.

Newborns in North Macedonia according to ethnic group
Ethnic group 1994[34] 2002[35] 2012[36] 2021[37] 2022[38] 2023[39]
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Macedonians 16,704 49.88 13,639 49.13 11,995 50.90 9,338 50.08 9,102 50.36 8,411 50.25
Albanians 12,010 35.86 10,118 36.45 8,035 34.09 6,663 35.73 6,577 36.39 6,063 36.23
Romani 1,378 4.12 1,678 6.04 1,552 6.59 1,267 6.79 1,094 6.05 997 5.96
Turks 1,616 4.83 1,202 4.33 1,092 4.63 835 4.48 756 4.18 735 4.39
Bosniaks 251 1.07 177 0.95 186 1.03 179 1.07
Serbs 403 1.20 168 0.61 125 0.53 123 0.66 117 0.65 109 0.65
Vlach (Aromanians) 25 0.07 23 0.08 37 0.16 17 0.09 26 0.14 31 0.19
other/unspecified 1,351 4.03 933 3.36 481 2.04 228 1.22 215 1.19 212 1.26
Total 33,487 27,761 23,568 18,648 18,073 16,737

Languages

Main article: Languages of North Macedonia

Source:[40]

Language, census 2021 Number %
Total         1,836,713 100.00%
Macedonian         1,127,394 61.38%
Albanian            447,001 24.34%
Turkish               62,723 3.41%
Romani               31,721 1.73%
Vlach                 3,151 0.17%
Serbian               11,252 0.61%
Bosnian               15,615 0.85%
Bulgarian                 1,519 0.08%
Croatian                     958 0.05%
Other languages                 2,717 0.15%
Unknown                     402 0.02%
Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources [41]            132,260 7.20%

Religion

Main article: Religion in North Macedonia

Source:[42]

Religion, census 2021 Number %
Total Christians 1,109,908 60.43%
     Orthodox 847,390 46.14%
     Christians (unspecified) 242,579 13.21%
     Evangelical Protestant Christians 8,764 0.48%
     Catholics 6,746 0.37%
     Protestants 1,313 0.07%
     Jehovah's Witnesses 1,137 0.06%
     Evangelical Methodists 889 0.05%
     Evangelists 678 0.04%
     Adventists 371 0.02%
     Baptists 70 0.00%
     Reformists 50 0.00%
Islam 590,878 32.17%
Buddhists 894 0.05%
Hare Krishna 96 0.01%
Members of the Jewish (Moses) community 74 0.00%
Members of an unlisted religion 113 0.01%
Non-believers (atheists) 8,764 0.48%
Undeclared 16 0.00%
Unknown 76 0.00%
Agnostics 1,964 0.11%
Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources [43] 132,260 7.20%
Total population 1,836,713 100.00%

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Age structure

  • 0–14 years: 19.5% (male 210,078; female 203,106)
  • 15–64 years: 67.8% (male 707,298; female 696,830)
  • 65 years and over: 12.7% (male 97,437; female 124,661) (2004 est)

Sex ratio

  • at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
  • 15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
  • total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

Infant mortality rate

  • total: 11.74 deaths/1,000 live births
  • female: 10.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
  • male: 12.67 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth

  • total population: 74.73 years
  • male: 72.45 years
  • female: 77.2 years (2004 est.)

Total fertility rate

  • 1.50 children born/woman (2015 est.)[44]

HIV/AIDS

  • adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
  • people living with HIV/AIDS: less than 100 (1999 est.)
  • deaths: less than 100 (2001 est.)

Nationality

  • noun: Macedonian/citizen of the Republic of North Macedonia[45]
  • adjective: Macedonian / of North Macedonia[45]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b "Индикатори".
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  15. ^ "Eurostat database".
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  36. ^ "Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Macedonia, 2014, p. 79" (PDF). North Macedonia, State Statistical Office. 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  37. ^ "North Macedonia in figures, 2021" (PDF).
  38. ^ "State Statistical Office - Publication: North Macedonia in Figures". www.stat.gov.mk. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  39. ^ "Makedonija Vo Brojki 2024". State Statistical Office. 2024-07-05.
  40. ^ "Total resident population in the Republic of North Macedonia by mother tongue and sex, Census 2021". Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  41. ^ "State Statistical Office - Census Law - Article 5 (2)" (PDF). State Statistical Office (in Macedonian). 2022-04-08.
  42. ^ "Total resident population in the Republic of North Macedonia by religious affiliation and sex, Census 2021". Archived from the original on 2022-12-27. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
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  44. ^ "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  45. ^ a b Under the terms of the Prespa agreement, the nationality of the country will be called "Macedonian/citizen of the Republic of North Macedonia" in full.

Other sources

  • Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Macedonia 2004 (CD version)
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