Franchitti began kart racing at the age of 10 and had early success before progressing to car racing at age 17, winning the 1991 Formula Vauxhall Junior Championship and the 1993 Formula Vauxhall Lotus Championship. In 1995 and 1996, he competed in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft and the related International Touring Car Championship for the AMG-Mercedes team, winning two races. Franchitti debuted in Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) with Hogan Racing for the 1997 season. The following year, he joined Team Green and finished third in the championship with three victories. After tying Juan Pablo Montoya on points and winning four fewer races than Montoya, Franchitti finished second in the 1999 season. His form declined over the next three years but he won four races.
In the Indy Racing League in 2003, Franchitti joined the renamed AGR team but injury limited him to three races that year. He won two races in the 2004 and 2005 seasons, finishing fourth and sixth overall. Franchitti won his first IndyCar Drivers' Championship in 2007 with four victories, including his first Indianapolis 500 win, before joining CGR for the following year's NASCAR programme. In 2009, he returned to IndyCar, winning three consecutive championships from 2009 to 2011, and 12 more races, including the 2010 Indianapolis 500. Franchitti's form deteriorated during the 2012 championship as he struggled to adapt to a new car but he won his third Indianapolis 500. Following contact with Takuma Sato's car in the penultimate round of the 2013 season, Franchitti sustained two fractured vertebrae, a broken ankle and concussion, bringing his racing career to an end.
Franchitti was born in Bathgate, West Lothian, Scotland, on 19 May 1973.[1] He is the son of Inverness-born tourist board employee Marina Franchitti,[2][3] and ice-cream parlour owner and amateur racing driver George Franchitti.[3] He is of Italian descent; his three Italian grandparents originate from the town of Cassino.[4][5] His younger brother Marino, his cousin Paul di Resta and his godson Sebastian Melrose are also racing drivers.[6][7] Franchitti has a sister.[2] When Franchitti was eight years old, he moved to Whitburn.[2] He was educated at Edinburgh's private Stewart's Melville College, where he did not feel at ease due to its traditionalism.[8]
Junior career
When he was three years old, Franchitti was given a Honda-powered go-kart.[2] His wish to become a racing driver began when his father took him to the West of Scotland Kart Club and other kart tracks as a child.[9] When he turned ten, Franchitti started kart racing; his first race ended after two laps due to engine failure.[4][9] He started racing at the West of Scotland Kart Club and tracks in the north of Scotland, and he tested karts at Knockhill near Dunfermline.[6] In 1984, at the age of 11, Franchitti won the Scottish Junior Championship; he also won the British Junior Karting Championships in 1985 and 1986.[3][10] Franchitti retired from the 1987 Karting World Championship final after colliding with Luca Badoer.[11][10] In 1988, he won the Scottish Senior Championship and was runner-up in the 1989 British Senior Karting Championship.[8][3] Franchitti raced part-time in the 1990 British Senior Kart Series.[11] Overall, Franchitti won more than 100 races and 20 karting titles.[12]
In 1990, racing driver David Leslie's father suggested to Franchitti he join Leslie's team and work on his cars at races.[10] Aged 17,[2] Franchitti began racing a single-seater vehicle for David Leslie Racing in the inaugural Formula Vauxhall Junior Championship.[10][13] Franchitti's father remortgaged the family home to pay for his son's racing.[10] Franchitti won the championship with four victories, three in the final three rounds, and three podium finishes.[11][14]Paul Stewart Racing (PSR) offered Franchitti a Formula Vauxhall test after a team member observed him driving. Team owner Jackie Stewart promised Franchitti if he drove for PSR, Stewart would find funding from Scottish sponsors.[10][6] Stewart became Franchitti's informal coach, teaching him how to race more quickly and more consistently.[3] Franchitti finished fourth overall in the 1992 Formula Vauxhall Lotus Championship, with multiple second and third-place finishes for PSR.[11][15] Later that year, he won the Autosport BRDC Award,[15] which included a test in a McLaren MP4/10BFormula One (F1) car at Jerez at the end of 1995.[16]
The following year, Franchitti became a racing school instructor, and earned money running circuit days for BMW and Nissan.[10] He returned to the Formula Vauxhall Lotus Championship for PSR in a single-seat Vauxhall-powered car,[17] winning the championship at Brands Hatch in August of that year with three races remaining.[18] Franchitti had six victories and four podium finishes, and was named the series' Driver of the Year.[11] The same year, he raced in the Silverstone round of the British Formula Three (F3) Championship, finishing fifth in a PSR Reynard 933-Mugen Honda.[19][20] Stewart promoted Franchitti to the British F3 Championship in 1994, hoping he would later progress to F1, and he was expected to challenge for the title.[21][22] Franchitti finished fourth overall with 133 points in a PSR Dallara F394-Mugen Honda, a single victory at Silverstone and six top-three finishes after errors prevented him from challenging for the title.[11][14][23][24] Franchitti also finished 12th at the 1994 Masters of Formula 3 and sixth at the 1994 Macau Grand Prix.[25][26]
Franchitti did not have enough money to progress to Formula 3000 and did not race in F3 for another season as expected because he did not want to incur more debt.[14][22]Mercedes-Benz signed him to its junior team just in its attempt to recreate its Young Driver Programme in the German-based Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) and the related International Touring Car Championship (ITC) series after their first option, Giancarlo Fisichella, wanted a one-year deal that would leave him the option of driving for Minardi in F1.[14][27][28] Franchitti drove a Mercedes C-Class V6 for the AMG-Mercedes team, Mercedes-Benz's sports-car competition division.[3][29][30]
Franchitti competed in the 1995 DTM and the 1995 ITC. His 14-race DTM season put him fifth in the Drivers' Championship with two pole positions, four podium finishes and 74 points.[31][32] During the ITC season, Franchitti won his first touring car race at Mugello, twice finished second at Donington Park, and third at the second Estoril round for third in the Drivers' Championship with 80 points.[31][32] For the 1996 ITC season, he stayed with AMG-Mercedes and finished fourth in the Drivers' Championship with 171 points and five podium finishes, and won the first Suzuka round.[31]
Championship Auto Racing Teams
1997–1999
At the end of 1996, the ITC folded due to escalating costs and Franchitti told Ilmor boss Paul Morgan he wanted to compete in the US-based Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) series.[3][16][33] Jackie Stewart sent a letter of recommendation to trucking mogul Carl Hogan, who telephoned Mercedes in Germany,[34] and the company assigned Franchitti to drive the No. 9 Reynard 97i-Mercedes-Benz car for the single Hogan Racing customer car squad in the 1997 CART World Series.[14][32] Franchitti rejected the offer of a seven-year contract from McLaren owner Ron Dennis to test McLaren's F1 cars during the week while he competed in CART at weekends and act as a replacement driver in case of injury.[16]
Franchitti debuted at the season-opening Grand Prix of Miami.[32] Starting from 13th, he crashed after running wide to allow race leader Gil de Ferran to lap him.[35] In the following race, Franchitti achieved his best result of the season, finishing in ninth place at the 1997 Sunbelt IndyCarnival.[32] He scored points in three more races,[11] and at the Molson Indy Toronto, he took his first CART pole position.[36] Before the season's final race at California Speedway, Hogan dismissed Franchitti due to their strained relationship, which was due to Franchitti joining Team Green for the following season. Franchitti was replaced by Robby Gordon.[37][38] Franchitti was 22nd in the Drivers' Championship with 10 points and was third in the Rookie of the Year standings.[11][32]
Before the 1999 CART season, Franchitti signed a two-year contract extension with Team Green through to the end of the 2000 season; he did not want to be indefinitely retained and wanted keep his options open for the future.[44][45][46] Franchitti's manager Craig Pollock advised him to remain in CART to gain more experience and he rejected an offer to join Stewart Grand Prix in F1.[47][48] Franchitti took seven top-ten finishes in the first ten races.[32] He led all of the Molson Indy Toronto to win and took the championship lead from Juan Pablo Montoya after winning the ITT Automotive Detroit Grand Prix two races later. Over the next five rounds, Franchitti won four top-ten places and pole position in the Miller Lite 200. He won the season's penultimate round the Honda Indy 300 from pole position to enter the season-ending Marlboro 500 nine points ahead of Montoya.[49] Franchitti had to finish third in California to win the title but would lose on countback if he and Montoya finished with the same number of points.[50] Franchitti finished the race tenth and Montoya fourth, ending the season with the same number of points as the latter, who was crowned champion because he won seven races while Franchitti had only won three.[51]
2000–2002
Prior to the 2000 CART season, Franchitti was hospitalised after a crash during pre-season testing at Homestead–Miami Speedway; part of the car's suspension hit his head, and he sustained displaced fractures in his left hip and pelvis, and multiple minor brain contusions.[52][53] The accident affected Franchitti's concentration, balance, memory and fatigue levels,[54] as well as developing a more serious mindset.[55] As a result, Franchitti underwent physical therapy five times a week,[56] before CART's medical director Steve Olvey declared him fit that March.[53] His performance deteriorated due to a lack of testing and his team changing personnel,[57] and he drove an unreliable car he occasionally crashed.[32][58] Franchitti finished second at the Firestone Firehawk 500 and the Molson Indy Vancouver, his best finishes of the season, in which he scored two pole positions and six more top-ten finishes—including third place at the Michigan 500 and the Honda Grand Prix of Monterey. Franchitti was 13th in the championship with 92 points.[11][32]
Team Green retained Franchitti for the 2001 season; he signed a contract extension with the team in August 2000.[59] The season's opening eight rounds saw Franchitti achieve six top-ten finishes, including a second-place finish at the Tenneco Automotive Grand Prix of Detroit.[32] At the Marconi Grand Prix of Cleveland, Franchitti qualified 14th, passing race leader Memo Gidley with ten laps remaining for his seventh career CART victory.[60] His performance for the rest of the season was sub-par, with four top-ten and two second-place finishes at both Harrah's 500 and the Texaco/Havoline Grand Prix of Houston. Franchitti concluded the season seventh in the championship standings with 105 points.[32]
Although he wanted to remain a CART driver because of the series' competition and variety,[68] Franchitti moved to the IRL for the 2003 season with the renamed Andretti Green Racing team (AGR) following his rejection of an offer to drive for Newman/Haas Racing in place of Christian Fittipaldi.[a][69][70] Franchitti changed his driving style to handle the lighter and more responsive normally-aspirated, V8-engined car on short oval circuits,[71] and improved his hand-eye-foot coordination.[72] After competing in the season's first two races, finishing seventh in the season-opening round at Homestead,[32] Franchitti fractured his lumbar vertebrae in an motorbike accident during a trip to West Lothian that April.[73] Franchitti was replaced by Dan Wheldon, Robby Gordon and Bryan Herta in the following three races.[74] Franchitti finished fourth in the Honda Indy 225—his season's best finish—before requiring season-ending keyhole surgery to strengthen his back.[74][73] Franchitti was replaced by Herta for the rest of the season.[75]
Franchitti extended his contract to remain at AGR for the 2004 IndyCar Series.[76] After crashing out of the season's opening two races at Homestead and Phoenix International Raceway,[77] Franchitti had the first top-ten finish of his campaign at Motegi.[32] He gained his first IndyCar pole position in the Bombardier 500 and finished the race in second place.[78] Four races later, in the Menards A. J. Foyt 225, he led a race-high 111 laps to clinch his first IndyCar victory.[79] Three races later, Franchitti had his second series win in the Honda Indy 225 at Pikes Peak.[80] For the rest of the season, Franchitti finished no higher than third and placed sixth in the championship standings with 409 points.[32]
2005–2008
Franchitti returned to drive for AGR in the 2005 season after signing a one-year contract extension for a four-car team in January 2005.[81][82] A second-place finish at the season's seventh round at Richmond Raceway was his best result over the season's opening nine rounds.[32] Franchitti's first win of 2005 was the Firestone Indy 200, overtaking Patrick Carpentier with seven laps remaining.[83] The following seven rounds saw Franchitti achieve two more podium finishes with a second-place finish at the next race at the Milwaukee Mile and a third-place result at Watkins Glen International.[32] At the season's final race, the Toyota Indy 400, Franchitti qualified on pole position and held off teammate Tony Kanaan for his second victory of the season.[84] Franchitti finished fourth overall with 498 points.[32]
At the season's conclusion, Franchitti almost declined an opportunity during negotiations to sign a one-year contract extension because he had been considering either a career change or retirement since his sub-par results in IndyCar; Frachitti, however, remained at AGR for the 2006 season.[70][85] His performance declined after Team Penske and Chip Ganassi Racing (CGR) became more developed when IndyCar used only Honda engines,[86] and AGR underperformed on short high-speed oval tracks.[87] He took pole position for the Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg street course race where suspension failure after colliding with Kosuke Matsuura's damaged car eliminated him from contention.[88] Franchitti qualified 17th for the Indianapolis 500 and came seventh after a late race pit stop for fuel.[89] His final eight races yielded a season-best finish of second at Infineon Raceway and four top-nine finishes.[32] Before the season-ending round at Chicagoland Speedway, Franchitti sustained a concussion in a vintage car accident at the Goodwood Revival and was replaced by A. J. Foyt IV.[90] He was eighth in the points standings with 311 points.[32]
For the 2007 season, Franchitti again drove for AGR.[91] He began the year by finishing the opening four races seventh and above, including podium finishes at Motegi and Kansas Speedway.[32] Franchitti's season highlight was the Indianapolis 500, which he won after rain ended it early after 166 laps, and became the race's first Scottish winner since Clark in 1965.[92] After finishing second at the ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 to take the championship lead,[32][93] Franchitti won consecutive races in the inaugural Iowa Corn Indy 250 at Iowa Speedway, and led a race-high 242 laps in the SunTrust Indy Challenge from pole position.[94][95] Franchitti took two pole positions at Michigan International Speedway and Infineon Raceway and four top-three finishes over the next seven races to enter the season-ending Peak Antifreeze Indy 300 three points ahead of CGR's Scott Dixon.[32][96] Franchitti won the race after Dixon's car ran out of fuel on the final lap, securing his first IndyCar championship.[97]
Franchitti considered joining NASCAR but discussions with CGR team owner Chip Ganassi and Richard Childress Racing owner Richard Childress did not result in a race seat.[98] Talks with Ganassi resulted in Franchitti replacing David Stremme as the driver of the No. 40 Dodge Charger on a multi-year contract from 2008 because of Stremme's sponsorship problems,[99][100] and because they believed Franchitti was more marketable,[b][102] a decision that greatly upset AGR.[103] Franchitti was enrolled onto a stock car development programme that involved ARCA and the Busch Series events, as well as testing.[c][105] He made his stock car racing debut in the ARCA Re/Max 250, qualifying seventh and finishing 17th in the No. 42 CGR Dodge.[106] Two weeks later, Franchitti entered one race in the Craftsman Truck Series—the Kroger 200—for CGR in Cunningham Motorsports' No. 41 Dodge Ram, starting 30th and finishing 33rd after an accident.[107][108]
In the 2007 Busch Series, Franchitti drove in four races in CGR's No. 42 Dodge Charger, achieving a best starting position of third in the Sam's Town 250 and a best finish of 25th in the O'Reilly Challenge.[109][110] During the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, he entered 14 races, qualified for 10 with an average start of 28.4 and finish of 34.3 with two did not finishes. Franchitti's season-best finish was a 22nd place in the Goody's Cool Orange 500 and his best qualifying performance was seventh in the Lenox Industrial Tools 301.[111] He fell outside the top 35 in the points standings that he had inherited from the preceding season and was required to qualify on speed from the sixth race onwards,[112] because his car was uncompetitive since CGR could not master the Car of Tomorrow concept.[113] Franchitti's Sprint Cup Series team funded by Chip Ganassi was disbanded by Ganassi and co-owner Felix Sabates in July 2008 due to the trouble of retaining major sponsorship funding.[114]
Early in 2008, Franchitti entered the season-opening ARCA Re/Max Series race the ARCA 200 at Daytona in CGR's No. 40 Dodge, qualifying ninth and finishing tenth.[115] He qualified CGR's No. 40 Dodge in 14 races in the renamed Nationwide Series, achieving two top-ten finishes with an average start of 12.6 and an average finish of 17.6.[116] Franchitti's best series finish was a fifth place at the Zippo 200 at the Glen, where he started from pole position.[117] During the Aaron's 312, Franchitti's right-rear tyre failed early in the event, causing a major accident with Larry Gunselman and leaving Franchitti with a minor left-ankle fracture.[118][119] Franchitti was replaced by Stremme, Ken Schrader, Jeremy Mayfield and Sterling Marlin during his recovery.[120]
Franchitti considered returning to IndyCar while spectating the 2008 Indianapolis 500. The introduction of new road and street circuits (particularly the Grand Prix of Toronto) to the IndyCar Series following the unification of the Champ Car World Series and the IRL sanctioning bodies in 2008 renewed Franchitti's interest in open-wheel racing.[121][122] Therefore, he signed a multi-year contract with CGR to replace Wheldon starting from the 2009 season.[123][124] Franchitti wanted to join CGR's No. 41 NASCAR Cup Series team before being reminded of the capability of IndyCars.[125]
After finishing fourth in the season-opening Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg,[32] he won the following Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach after leading with a race-high 51 laps.[126] Franchitti finished seventh and above in the next three races and took pole position for the Bombardier Learjet 550.[32] Franchitti won the Iowa Corn Indy 250, his second victory of 2009.[127] Following his taking pole position for the SunTrust Indy Challenge,[32] Franchitti led the championship after finishing second before exchanging the lead with teammate Dixon over the next four races.[128][129] Franchitti led 45 laps of the Honda Indy Toronto from pole position to win the race.[130] He had three more top-six finishes before leading the Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma from pole position, winning his fourth race of 2009.[32][131] Two more top-four finishes put him five points behind Dixon going into the season-ending Firestone Indy 300.[32][132] Franchitti won the race from pole position, winning his second championship and finishing the year 11 points ahead of Dixon.[133]
For the 2011 season, Franchitti rejoined CGR for his second successive title defence.[32] At the season-opening Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, Franchitti started fourth and led 94 laps to win the event.[141] He finished third in the Indy Grand Prix of Alabama and the following Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach, then won the first of the Firestone Twin 275s after leading 110 laps.[142][143] Franchitti led 161 laps of the Milwaukee 225 from pole position in his third victory of the season, and won the Honda Indy Toronto two races later.[144][145] The next seven races saw him finish second at Mid-Ohio and Kentucky, third at Edmonton and took another pole position at New Hampshire.[32] Before the season-ending IZOD IndyCar World Championship, Franchitti led Power in the championship standings by 18 points.[146] The race was abandoned following a 15-car accident on the 11th lap that involved Power and caused Wheldon's death, meaning Franchitti won his fourth championship; his third in succession.[147]
Franchitti drove for CGR for the 2012 season; he initially struggled to adapt to the new Dallara DW12 car before becoming more competitive following the season's fourth event, which was held in São Paulo, Brazil.[148][149] Franchitti took two top-ten finishes in the first four races, placing tenth at Barber and fifth in São Paulo.[32] His only win of the season was the Indianapolis 500, which he won for the third time. Franchitti was leading the race on the final lap when Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing driver Takuma Sato crashed into the barrier in an attempt to overtake Franchitti on the inside into turn one.[150] Franchitti's performance for the rest of the season was sub-par: he had four pole positions that did not result in a race win and three more podium finishes. He was seventh in the Drivers' Championship with 363 points.[32]
Franchitti remained at CGR for the 2013 season.[32] After finishing 25th in both of the season's first two races due to an accident in St. Petersburg and mechanical failure at Barber, respectively,[151] Franchitti qualified on pole position for the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach, which he finished fourth.[32] He achieved another ten top-ten finishes and took pole position three more times during the 15 remaining events in which he participated, earning season-best third-place finishes at each of the Pocono IndyCar 400 races, the first Honda Indy Toronto race, the Honda Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio and the GoPro Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma. Franchitti was tenth in the final championship standings with 418 points.[32]
On the final lap of the second race of the 2013 Shell-Pennzoil Grand Prix of Houston doubleheader on 6 October, Franchitti's car collided with the rear of Sato's car in turn five, and was launched into the catchfence.[152] Franchitti's car ripped apart a fence section and sent debris into the grandstand past a second fence ahead of spectators. The car ricocheted back onto the circuit, spinning multiple times before stopping. Franchitti's car settled driver side up on the racing surface; the car's front was removed but the chassis's tub portion remained intact.[153][154] When E. J. Viso arrived at the crash site, he hit Sato's stationary wrecked car.[152][153] A recovery crew assisted Sato and Viso as they safely evacuated their cars. An IndyCar official and 13 spectators were injured; two fans were hospitalised and eleven received on-site treatment.[152][154]
Franchitti suffered a concussion and two spinal fractures; he was sent to Memorial Hermann–Texas Medical Center, Houston, for surgery to stabilise a fractured right ankle,[152] and was released from hospital on 10 October.[155] Franchitti travelled to Indianapolis for surgery to repair the right talus bone connecting the leg and the foot.[156] On 18 October, Franchitti was released from the Indianapolis hospital.[157] After seeing a doctor in Miami for neurological examinations and an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that produced negative results, Franchitti travelled to Scotland in November for rest.[158] Franchitti retired from competitive driving after doctors advised him his injuries and those from previous accidents put him at risk of permanent paralysis and brain damage in the event of another major crash.[72][159] Franchitti's memory, decision-making skills and concentration levels have suffered because of the crash.[160]
Franchitti has worked for CGR as an advisor and driver-coach to each of the team's racers since the 2014 IndyCar Series after he was offered the job by Ganassi.[161][162][163] Franchitti provides performance advice to CGR's racers and engineers.[164] He did not want to be a team owner because he believed the financial risks of ownership were too great.[3]
Franchitti made a cameo appearance as a racing driver in the 2001 film Driven.[197][198] He also voiced a Scottish news anchor and a male tourist in the 2013 animated film Turbo, for which he provided technical consultation.[199][200] He has served as a television co-commentator and driver pundit on Formula E's world feed since its inaugural season in 2014.[201] In 2019, Franchitti and Take That band member Howard Donald co-presented the four-part Channel 4 television motoring series Mission Ignition.[202] He has also worked in development for high-performance car manufacturers Acura and Gordon Murray Automotive.[203]
Franchitti is a member of the "Brat Pack", an international group of CART drivers composed of Kanaan, Greg Moore and Max Papis, who shared a desire for enjoyment, attending all-night parties, discussing life and staying in close contact with one another.[f][204] Moore introduced Franchitti to actor Ashley Judd at Jason Priestley's wedding in February 1999. Judd and Franchitti became engaged that year and married on 12 December 2001 at Skibo Castle near Dornoch, Scotland.[204] The marriage was childless;[205] Franchitti and Judd divorced in 2013 and remain on friendly terms.[206] He has since married hedge-fund executive Eleanor Robb;[207] the couple has two children.[208]
^"The Brat Pack" name was derived from the Frank Sinatra-led Rat Pack group of entertainers who enlivened the 1950 and 1960's Hollywood party scene.[204]
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^Kallmann, Dave (17 August 1998). "Texaco/Havoline 200: Franchitti cruises to his first victory Margin over Zanardi is more than 7 seconds". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. p. 1. ProQuest260771993 – via ProQuest.
^Grange, Michael (15 January 1999). "Franchitti looking for brake this year Driver sets goal of CART title after mechanical failure cost him Molson Indy in 1998". The Globe and Mail. p. S5. ProQuest384536990 – via ProQuest.
^Hunston, Hugh (2 December 2000). "Scottish engineer bids to get Franchitti's career back on track". The Herald. p. 10. ProQuest332778409 – via ProQuest.
^Beamish, Mike (29 July 2002). "That's what friends are for: Franchitti dedicates second Vancouver win to Moore". Vancouver Sun. p. D1. ProQuest242535890 – via ProQuest.
^Phillips, Randy (26 August 2002). "The maple leaf forever: Franchitti makes it a clean career sweep of Canadian CART races". Montreal Gazette. p. D1. ProQuest433848255 – via ProQuest.
^Fogarty, Mark (3 April 2002). "Brickyard thrills Franchitti ; Team Green driver gets his first taste of famous racetrack". USA Today. p. C02. ProQuest408919838 – via ProQuest.
^ abTuttle, Tim (November 2007). "Win and out". Motor Sport. 83 (11): 86–87. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
^Cavin, Curt (6 September 2006). "Younger Foyt to drive for Andretti: A.J. IV gets the seat after Franchitti sustains concussion in vintage car race crash". The Indianapolis Star. p. D2. ProQuest240842668 – via ProQuest.
^Cavin, Curt (3 September 2008). "Franchitti in, Wheldon out at Ganassi: Scotsman to return to IndyCar in '09; Englishman moves to Panther". The Indianapolis Star. p. D1. ProQuest240987899 – via ProQuest.
^Kelly, Kevin (5 August 2009). "Ganassi's No. 1 ... and 2: Sparta – Scott Dixon and Dario Franchitti are friends who enjoy a good laugh together, and their pairing this year on the Target Chip Ganassi Racing team has been a rousing success". The Cincinnati Enquirer. p. D10. ProQuest237632199 – via ProQuest.
^Lankof, Bill (13 July 2009). "Canada's hopes wrecked; Auto Racing: Dario Franchitti avoids trouble on the Toronto street course to win the Honda Indy after Alex Tagliani and Paul Tracy falter". The London Free Press. p. B1. ProQuest2210183226 – via ProQuest.
^Brewer, Ray (14 October 2011). "IndyCar racers competing for millions Sunday at Las Vegas track". McClatchy – Tribune Business News. ProQuest898185263 – via ProQuest.
^McNulty, Dean (5 July 2012). "Dario Franchitti ; Can Dario turn his season around in Toronto?". Toronto Sun. p. H28. ProQuest2229984166 – via ProQuest.
^ ab"Dario Franchitti". Gale Biography Online Collection. 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023 – via Gale In Context: Biography.
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Chinese statesman, physician, and revolutionary (1866–1925) Sun Wen redirects here. For the female footballer, see Sun Wen (footballer). Father of the Republic of China Forerunner of the Revolution Eternal Premier of the Kuomintang[1] Sun Yat-sen孫中山Sun in the 1910sProvisional President of the Republic of ChinaIn office1 January 1912 – 10 March 1912Vice PresidentLi YuanhongPreceded byOffice establishedSucceeded byYuan ShikaiPremier of the KuomintangIn offic...
US military computer network standard This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) MIL-STD-1553 is a military standard published by the United States Department of Defense that defines the mechanical, electrical, and functional characteristics of a serial data bus. It was originally designed ...
Mario SavioMario Savio di tangga Sproul Hall, 1966Lahir(1942-12-08)8 Desember 1942New York City, New York, A.S.Meninggal6 November 1996(1996-11-06) (umur 53)Sebastopol, California, A.S.KebangsaanAmerikaAlmamaterUniversitas California, Queens College, San Francisco State University, Martin Van Buren High SchoolPekerjaanAktivisDikenal atasPidato, Letakkan tubuh Anda di atas roda bergigiSuami/istriSuzanne Goldberg (1965-72) Lynne Hollander (m. 1980) Mario Savio (8 Desember 1942 –...
Bridge in Hong Kong Lek Yuen Bridge瀝源橋Lek Yuen Bridge across Shing Mun RiverCoordinates22°22′45″N 114°11′28″E / 22.3793°N 114.191°E / 22.3793; 114.191CrossesShing Mun RiverLocaleSha Tin, New Territories, Hong KongNamed forLek Yuen (may refer to archaic name for Sha Tin or the nearby Lek Yuen Estate)Preceded byLion BridgeFollowed bySand Martin BridgeCharacteristicsMaterialConcreteTotal length160 kmHistoryOpened1988Location Ornamental fencing of Lek Yue...
I-15 and FrontRunner north of downtown Salt Lake City. Transportation in Salt Lake City consists of a wide network of roads, an extensive bus system, a light rail system, and a commuter rail line. Although Salt Lake City, Utah, is a traditionally car-oriented city (as are most other cities in the western United States), the rapidly growing public transit system has a high number of riders for a city of its size, and public transit is widely supported by its residents and businesses. Nearly al...
Affiche russe de 1914 symbolisant la Triple-Entente avec Marianne, la Mère Russie et Britannia. La Mère Russie (en russe : Матушка Россия, Matouchka Rossia ou Россия-Матушка Rossia-Matouchka) est la personnification nationale de la Russie : elle apparaît dans les affiches patriotiques, comme statues, etc. Pendant la période soviétique, le terme « Mère patrie » (Родина-Мать, Rodina-Mat) était préféré, puisqu'il représentait m...
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) دوري الوطنية الفلسطيني للمحترفين الموسم 2015—16 البلد فلسطين النسخة 13 عدد الفرق 12 الفائز شباب الخليل (ا�...
Languages of the country and its people Languages of BeninSign in French and Tammari, BeninOfficialFrenchNationalFon, Yom, Yoruba, Gen, Kabiyé, Tammari, Bariba, Fulfulde, OthersForeignEnglishFrenchSpanishArabicPortugueseGermanSignedFrancophone African Sign Language Part of a series on theCulture of Benin History Ketu French Dahomey First Franco-Dahomean War Second Franco-Dahomean War Republic of Dahomey Soglo coup Presidential Council Kérékou coup People's Republic of Benin Mercenary coup ...
معالي الشريف أوستن هنري لايارد نيشان الحمام (بالإنجليزية: Austen Henry Layard) معلومات شخصية الميلاد 5 مارس 1817(1817-03-05)باريس الوفاة 5 يوليو 1894 (77 سنة)لندن مكان الدفن دورست مواطنة فرنسا، المملكة المتحدة عضو في أكاديمية النقوش والآداب[1] مناصب وكيل وزارة الدولة للش�...
Scottish architect (1888–1971) Edith HughesGlasgow Mercat Cross (left), designed by Edith Hughes in 1930BornEdith Mary Burnet(1888-07-07)7 July 1888Edinburgh, ScotlandDied28 August 1971(1971-08-28) (aged 83)NationalityScottishOther namesEdith Mary Wardlaw Burnet HughesAlma materGray's School of ArtOccupationArchitectSpouseThomas Harold HughesChildren3Parent(s)George Wardlaw Burnet, May CrudeliusAwardsthe first woman nominated for membership of the Royal Institute of British A...
Untuk orang lain dengan nama yang sama, lihat Supardi. Supardi Inspektur Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan dan KebudayaanMasa jabatan9 Mei 1973 – 28 April 1980MenteriSyarief ThayebDaoed JoesoefPendahuluR.F. SoedardiPenggantiF.X. SoedijanaDirektur Jenderal Pemuda dan Olahraga[a]Masa jabatan18 April 1968 – 9 Mei 1973MenteriSanusi HardjadinataMashuri SalehSumantri BrodjonegoroPendahuluHusein Mutahar(Direktur Jenderal Pemuda)Sukamto Sajidiman(Direktur Jenderal Olahraga)...
Les Artigues-de-LussacLes Artigues-de-Lussac Koordinat: 44°58′20″N 0°08′18″W / 44.9722222222°N 0.138333333333°W / 44.9722222222; -0.138333333333NegaraPrancisArondisemenLibourneKantonLussacAntarkomuneLussacaisPemerintahan • Wali kota (2008-2014) Jean-Pierre Quet • Populasi1972Kode INSEE/pos33014 / 2 Population sans doubles comptes: penghitungan tunggal penduduk di komune lain (e.g. mahasiswa dan personil militer). Les Artigues-de...
India-related events in the year 1880 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1880 in India – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) ← 1879 1878 1877 1880 in India → 1881 1882 1883 Centuries: 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st Decades: 18...
Benedictine college in Goffstown, New Hampshire, U.S. This article is about the college in Goffstown, New Hampshire. For the Roman Catholic grammar school in Merseyside, England, see St. Anselm's College.Saint Anselm CollegeMottoInitium Sapientiae Timor Domini (Latin)Motto in EnglishThe beginning of wisdom is fear of the Lord(Psalm 111:10)[1]TypePrivate liberal arts collegeEstablished1889; 135 years ago (1889)AccreditationNECHEReligious affiliationRoman Catholic...
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