The Cylindrotomidae or long-bodied craneflies are a family of crane flies. More than 65 extant species in 9 genera occur worldwide.[1] There are more than 20 extinct species.[2]
Most recent classifications place the group to family level. This was not supported by phylogenetic analyses by Petersen et al. in 2010,[3] but several studies and catalogs have since treated the group as a family, and they remain an established family.[4][5][1][6][7][8]
Description
They are mostly large flies of around 11–16 mm and yellowish to pale brownish in colour. They have long, slender antennae with 16 segments; the wings, legs and the abdomen are all very long.
Biology
The larvae are all phytophagous (with the exception of the genus Cylindrotoma) and are found living on terrestrial, semiaquatic and aquatic mosses. The larvae of the genus Cylindrotoma live on various flowering plants. Adults are found in damp, wooded habitats.
Evolutionary history
Although they likely split off from their closest relatives, Tipulidae, during the Jurassic,[9] there are no fossils of the group known until the Paleogene, which belong to the living genera Cylindrotoma and Diogma and the extinct Cyttaromyia, the oldest dating to around 56 million years ago. It is likely that the family only substantially diversified during the Cenozoic, with fossil species diversity centered in Baltic Amber and western North American compression faunas such as the Green River Formation and Florissant Formation. Additional species are known from the older Fur Formation, Kishenehn Formation,[10] and undescribed specimens are known from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands.[11]
^Petersen, M.J.; Bertone, M.A.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Courtney, G.W. 2010: Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher-level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera). Systematic entomology, 35: 526-545. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x
^ abSchiner, I. R. (1863). "Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der "Fauna Austriaca", mit einer naheren Begrundung der in derselben aufgenommenen neuen Dipteren-Gattungen. V. [concl]". Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 7: 217–226.
