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Cry of Battle
Cry of Battle
	Original film poster
Directed by	Irving Lerner
Written by	Bernard Gordon
Based on	Fortress in the Rice; by Benjamin Appel
Produced by	Joe Steinberg; Eddie Romero;
Starring	James MacArthur; Van Heflin; Rita Moreno; Leopoldo Salcedo;
Cinematography	Felipe Sacdalan
Music by	Richard Markowitz
Distributed by	Allied Artists
Release date	October 1963;
Running time	99 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

Cry of Battle is a 1963 American coming-of-age action war film based on the 1951 novel Fortress in the Rice by Benjamin Appel, who was a journalist and special assistant to the U.S. commissioner for the Philippines from 1945–46. The film stars Van Heflin, James MacArthur, Rita Moreno and Leopoldo Salcedo. Set during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, the working title was To Be a Man.^[1]

Plot

The film begins on December 8, 1941, with the Japanese attacking the Philippines. Dave McVey Jr., the son of a rich American businessman with extensive holdings in the Philippines, is attacked by murderous bandits. He is rescued by Careo, a Filipino patriot who has put together a group of anti-Japanese Filipino guerrillas. Carero hides Dave with an elderly Filipino and his granddaughter, who teach Dave Tagalog.

Careo returns again to tell Dave that his father has left the Philippines, but Dave is joined by a fellow American, Joe Trent, a rough merchant sailor who was third mate on a cargo ship that was sunk by the Japanese. Joe's ship was part of a merchant line owned by Dave's father. Joe figures that Dave's father will reward him for keeping his son safe. Joe gets drunk and rapes the teenage granddaughter. When the girl starts screaming, Dave has no choice but to flee with Joe.

They meet a band of armed Filipinos led by Atong and the English-speaking woman Sisa. The quick-thinking Joe tells the band that if they bring them to Colonel Ryker, an American officer in charge of a guerrilla unit, Ryker will reward them. Ryker tells Dave that the Japanese would probably give him a comfortable existence and might repatriate him to the United States because of his father's extensive business dealings with Japan. Dave replies that his father's connections to Japan were from before the war and he would rather fight with the guerrillas. The group joins Ryker's unit in fighting the Japanese.

Joe is promoted to lieutenant and is to accompany a Filipino captain on a raid against a Japanese-held sugar refinery and railway. Joe brings Dave, Atong, Sisa and a group of their original band on the mission. After the captain is killed, Atong kills one of his own men over the captain's pistol. Joe makes Atong give the pistol to Dave. Not wishing to complete their mission, Joe sends Dave and Sisa into a village to ask the locals for food. As they are negotiating, Joe's band massacres the villagers to steal their rice, with Joe shooting Atong during the raid. Sisa quickly switches her loyalties to Joe.

Cast

Van Heflin as Joe Trent
Rita Moreno as Sisa
James MacArthur as David McVey
Leopoldo Salcedo as Manuel Careo
Sidney Clute as Col. Ryker
Marilou Muñoz as Pinang
Oscar Roncal as Atong
Liza Moreno as Vera
Michael Parsons as Capt. Davis
Claude Wilson as Matchek
Vic Silayan as Capt. Garcia

Production

Producer Joe Steinberg had a wealthy brother named Harry Stonehill in the Philippines who assisted with the financing of the film. He hired his friends Irving Lerner to direct and Bernard Gordon to write the screenplay. Gordon saw the opportunity to use the screenplay as a comment on American attitudes toward Third World people and attitudes about masculinity, explaining the film's working title of To Be a Man.^[2] In the film, Dave asks Joe if raping his host's granddaughter made him feel like a man. Joe responds that fighting when necessary and having a woman when possible meant feeling like a man. Joe also initiates Dave into manhood by using his winnings in a poker game to give Dave a night with a prostitute. In Dave's first battle, he captures a panicked Japanese soldier, and Joe grabs Dave's hands and holds his rifle with bayonet, which he thrusts into the prisoner.

The film was shot in the Philippines.^[3] In early 1962, prior to filming, the visas were held up as the script was deemed offensive to Filipinos with Vice President Emmanuel Pelaez stating that the script "makes them the object of condescension and contempt" and was an "insult to the Filipino people".^[4]^[5]

Rita Moreno's scenes were shot around her travel to Hollywood to accept the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for West Side Story. A Filipino designed her dress for the awards ceremony, which Edith Head voted the most original of the night. The designer returned to the Philippines the next day.^[6]

Moreno's planned nude bathing scene in the film attracted a great deal of publicity.^[7] She eventually filmed the scene wearing a dress.^[8]

Legacy

Cry of Battle is today remembered not for its own merits, but for the coincidence that it played at the Texas Theatre in Dallas in the afternoon of November 22, 1963, as the second part of a double feature with War Is Hell. Lee Harvey Oswald hid in the theater after allegedly assassinating President John F. Kennedy and allegedly shooting police officer J. D. Tippit and was arrested while War Is Hell was still playing.^[9]

Notes

^ Goble, Alan, ed. (1999). The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter. p. 12. ISBN 3-110-95194-0.
^ Gordon, Bernard (2001). Hollywood Exile, Or How I Learned to Love the Blacklist. University of Texas Press. pp. 88–89. ISBN 0-292-72833-6.
^ Cry of Battle at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
^ "Filipino Objection Halts 'To be a Man'". Variety. February 14, 1962. p. 3.
^ Carroll, Harrison (February 26, 1962). "Woes Still Plaguing 'Cleopatra' Company". The Dispatch. The Dispatch Publishing Company. p. 5. Retrieved July 15, 2023. Philippine officials quickly reversed their edict denying entry permits to Van Heflin, Rita Moreno and James MacArthur.
^ Crooks, Pete (March 2010). "Q&A with Oscar-winner Rita Moreno, win tickets to West Side Story and dinner from Pizza Antica!". diablomag.com.
^ (Gordon 2001, p. 144)
^ Suntree, Susan (1993). Rita Moreno. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 64. ISBN 0-791-01247-6.
^ Johnson, Donald (February 21, 1964). "Lee was the leader of our playground". Life. Vol. 56, no. 8. Time, Inc. p. 80. ISSN 0024-3019.