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Craniofacial abnormality
Craniofacial abnormality
	Human skull
Specialty	Medical genetics

Craniofacial abnormalities are congenital musculoskeletal disorders which primarily affect the cranium and facial bones.^[1]

They are associated with the development of the pharyngeal arches.^[2] Approximately, 5% of the UK or USA population present with dentofacial deformities requiring Orthognathic surgery, jaw surgery, and Orthodontics, brace therapy, as a part of their definitive treatment.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Notable conditions

Platybasia
Arrhinia - absence of the nose
Craniosynostosis - premature fusion of the cranial sutures
Cyclopia - one eye
Mobius syndrome - paralysis of the facial muscles

References

^ "WHO – Craniofacial abnormalities". Archived from the original on August 23, 2004.
^ "Craniofacial Abnormalities: Congenital Craniofacial and Musculoskeletal Abnormalities: Merck Manual Professional".
^ Posnick, Jeffrey C. (September 2013). Orthognatic Surgery: Principles and Practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 61–68. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-2698-1.00003-4. ISBN 978-145572698-1.
^ Harrington C, Gallagher JR, Borzabadi-Farahani A (2015). "A retrospective analysis of dentofacial deformities and orthognathic surgeries using the index of orthognathic functional treatment needs (IOFTN)". Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 79 (7): 1063–6. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.04.027. PMID 25957779.
^ Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F, Shahmoradi M (2016). "Functional needs of subjects with dentofacial deformities: A study using the index of orthognathic functional treatment need (IOFTN)". J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 69 (6): 796–801. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2016.03.008. PMID 27068664.