The Constitution of Slovakia, officially the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Ústava Slovenskej republiky), is the current constitution of Slovakia. It was passed by the Slovak National Council on 1 September 1992 and signed on 3 September 1992 in the Knights Hall of the Bratislava Castle. It went to effect on 1 October 1992 (some parts 1 January 1993).[1][2]
The passing of constitution is now remembered as Constitution Day on 1 September.[3]
In 1969 Czechoslovakia became a federation with the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic as its constituent parts. This happened as a result of Prague Spring reforms, which was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia as a communist state after World War II. However, in 1969 the normalization period started and while formally the federation was preserved, power was again centralized.[4] The 1968 constitutional law ‘On the Czecho-Slovak Federation’ (No. 143/1968, Art. 142), stipulated that after passing the new federal constitution, both republics would adopt their own constitutions, but this was never implemented. First works on a Slovak constitution started right after the Velvet revolution in 1990. In March 1990, a group of legal experts formed the Plank Committee, led by Professor Karol Plank. This included professionals from the legal field, political figures and prominent professors of law. These included, but due to the complexity of the task were not limited to:
Karol Plank, Slovak lawyer, university professor and head of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic,
Marian Posluch, the Minister of Justice of the Slovak Republic at the time,
Ľubomír Fogaš, Slovak lawyer and university professor,
Štefan Grman, at the time secretary of the Legislative Council of the Government,
Milan Čič, former Prime Minister of the Slovak Socialist Republic,
Jozef Klapáč, member of the Institute of State and Law of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Together, they prepared the first and eventually the final draft of the Slovak Constitution.[5] Only problem with this remains that to this day none of these men are capable of fairly discerning who did what portion of the work on the final version of the Slovak Constitution,[6] despite any of them being rarely mentioned when speaking of the Constitution itself.
The Slovak Constitution was prepared hastily in 1992, with many formulations taken directly from the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920 and being marked by a compromise with socialism, while also taking several examples from constitutions of Western countries.[7] According to Slovak lawyer Ján Drgonec many parts of the constitution are hard if not impossible to execute.
The text of the Constitution is divided into the preamble and 9 parts (most parts are divided into chapters), which in turn are divided into 156 articles and they may but do not need to be divided further into paragraphs and/or letters.
Three fifths of the votes in the parliament are necessary to supplement and/or amend the Constitution. It has been amended several times.
In June 2023, The Slovakian parliament voted with the support of 111 of 150 MPs to put the right to use Cash in the Constitution of Slovakia. The amendment was proposed by the Sme Rodina party.[8]
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