Columbus is an incorporated village in Luna County, New Mexico, United States, about 3 miles (5 km) north of the Mexican border. It is considered a place of historical interest, as the scene of a 1916 attack by Mexican general Francisco "Pancho" Villa that caused the United States to send 10,000 troops there in the Mexican Expedition (originally referred to as the "punitive Mexican Expedition"). Columbus's population was 1,664 at the 2010 census.[4]
Columbus was established in 1891 just across the Mexican border from Palomas, Chihuahua, and named after 15th-century explorer Christopher Columbus. In 1902, the village was moved 3 miles (5 km) north when the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad built its Columbus station. This station is now converted into a museum run by the Columbus Historical Society.[5]
About 1905, it was a very small town with a population of about 100, two of those early settlers being Colonel Andrew O. Bailey and Louis Heller. By this time, Columbus had only one general store, a saloon, and a society inspector.[clarification needed] In time, a high school was built, and Perrow G. Mosely established the Columbus News, which later was renamed the Columbus Courier. By 1915, the town had 700 residents, the Columbus State Bank was built, four hotels were constructed, and several stores and a Baptist church were also established. At that time, the area around Columbus also had rich silver, copper, lead, and zinc deposits.[6]
On March 9, 1916, on the orders of Mexican revolutionary leader Pancho Villa, Colonel Francisco Beltrán, Colonel Candelario Cervantes, General Nicolás Fernández, General Pablo López, and others led 500 men in an attack against the town, which was garrisoned by a detachment of the 13th Cavalry Regiment.[7] Villa's army burned a part of the town and killed seven or eight soldiers and 10 residents before retreating back into Mexico.
United States President Woodrow Wilson responded to the Columbus raid by sending 10,000 troops under Brigadier General John J. Pershing to Mexico to pursue Villa. This was known as the Punitive Mexican Expedition or Pancho Villa Expedition. The expedition was eventually called off after failing to find Villa, who had escaped.[8] The Pershing expedition brought prosperity and international attention to Columbus and a realization that war had come to the border of the United States.[9]
In 1926 after the Punitive Expedition ended, Columbus started to change and decay over the decades. Camp Furlong activity was greatly reduced. The army decided to close their camp, and the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad stopped service in Columbus. After all these events, the economy naturally faded over time. [citation needed]
In the 1990s, Columbus started to revitalize, with the development of city and state parks, museums, RV parks, and history involving the city.[10]
In July 2011, Columbus dissolved its police force after a gun-smuggling scandal that involved its village officials and others.[11] The mayor, a village trustee, a former police chief, and nine other people were indicted in the scandal.[11] The case was prosecuted by the United States Attorney from El Paso, Texas, before United States District Court Judge Robert Brack in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Of the 11 people charged, 10 pleaded guilty, with one person still at large. Sentences ranged from five years in federal prison to two years' probation.[12]
Columbus is in southern Luna County about 3 miles (5 km) north of the border between the United States and Mexico. The village limits extend south to the international border. The Mexican village of Puerto Palomas, Chihuahua, is across the border.
New Mexico State Road 11 leads north from Columbus 32 miles (51 km) to Deming, the Luna county seat, while State Road 9 leads east 59 miles (95 km) to Santa Teresa and west 44 miles (71 km) to Hachita.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village of Columbus has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12.1 km2), all land.[13]
The climate is a cold semi-arid (Köppen: BSk) like much of New Mexico's lower elevations outside El Paso–Juárez.[14]
As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 1,765 people, 536 households, and 411 families residing in the village. The population density was 635.3 inhabitants per square mile (245.3/km2). There were 720 housing units at an average density of 259.2 per square mile (100.1/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 70.4% White, 0.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 25.5% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 83.4% of the population.
There were 536 households, out of which 50.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.29 and the average family size was 3.89.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 39.2% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 18.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $13,773, and the median income for a family was $14,318. Males had a median income of $16,912 versus $12,344 for females. The per capita income for the village was $6,721. About 56.7% of families and 57.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 67.0% of those under age 18 and 20.2% of those age 65 or over.
In 2010, Columbus had the 21st-lowest median household income of all places in the United States with a population over 1,000.[18]
Columbus Elementary School is part of the Deming Public Schools District.
Columbus Elementary School is located 30 miles south of Deming, New Mexico and 3 miles north of Palomas, Chihuahua, across the border in Mexico. About 90% of the students come from homes where Spanish is the dominant language. The staff at Columbus Elementary is required to be bilingually endorsed or working toward bilingual endorsement. The mission of Columbus Elementary School is to build on the students' bicultural and bilingual environment; they work in partnership with the parents and the community to enable students to reach their full potential.[19]
Students from Columbus and Puerto Palomas attend Columbus Elementary from preschool up to fifth grade. Students then move on to attend Deming Intermediate School (6) in Deming, Red Mountain Middle School (7–8), and Deming High School (9–12).[20]
Deming Public Schools buses U.S. citizen students residing in Mexico (including the city of Palomas) from the United States-Mexico border to Columbus Elementary and to upper grades in Deming.[21][22]
Columbus Village Library, the town's only public library, is located at 112 West Broadway. Around 22,386 visits to this local library occur annually. Columbus Village Library has 14,989 books and serial volumes, 343 audios, 1,428 videos, and 30 computers.[23]
An intentional community called City of the Sun is on the northern edge of Columbus. Started in 1972, the community has many unique, experimental homes.[24] Members of the community aim "to serve the Divine Purpose in community living with other Light Seekers."[25]
Pancho Villa's raid on Columbus is depicted in the novel The Friends of Pancho Villa (1996) by James Carlos Blake. In Spring Break Adventure, the sixth film in The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones series, Indiana Jones and his cousin are in town during Pancho Villa's raid, and he ends up joining Pancho Villa's army.
Columbus features in the 2008 film The Shepherd: Border Patrol starring Jean-Claude Van Damme. The 1989 cult classic Sonny Boy has Columbus-based locations.
2003 single by Morning MusumeShabondamaSingle by Morning Musumefrom the album Best! Morning Musume 2 ReleasedJuly 30, 2003 (JP)Recorded2003GenreJapanese PopLength12:21LabelzetimaEPCE-5224 (limited edition)EPCE-5225 (regular edition)Songwriter(s)TsunkuProducer(s)TsunkuMorning Musume singles chronology As for One Day (2003) Shabondama (2003) Go Girl (Koi no Victory) (2003) Music videoShabondama on YouTube Shabondama (シャボン玉, Soap Bubbles) is the nineteenth single of J-pop girl group Morni…
2017 film directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg Pirates of the Caribbean:Dead Men Tell No TalesTheatrical release posterDirected by Joachim Rønning Espen Sandberg Screenplay byJeff NathansonStory by Jeff Nathanson Terry Rossio Based on Characters by Ted Elliott Terry Rossio Stuart Beattie Jay Wolpert Walt Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean Produced byJerry BruckheimerStarring Johnny Depp Javier Bardem Geoffrey Rush Br…
سكريبرمعلومات عامةتصنيف معدات ثقيلة تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات كاشطة. الكاشطة[1][2] أو الجرار الكاشط (بالإنجليزية: Wheel tractor-scraper) هو أحد الآليات الهندسية الثقيلة ويستخدم في الأعمال الإنشائية وبشكل رئيسي في أعمال الحفر و الردم و التسوية. ويتألف من جزئين الأ
Ukrainian figure skater (died 2023) Dmytro ShkidchenkoMironenko and Shkidchenko in 1984.Full nameDmytro Valentynovych ShkidchenkoNative nameДмитро Валентинович ШкідченкоOther namesDmitri Valentinovich ShkidchenkoDied26 January 2023Figure skating careerCountrySoviet UnionRetired1987 Dmitri or Dmytro Valentynovych Shkidchenko (Ukrainian: Дмитро Валентинович Шкідченко[1][2] or Шкидченко;[3] died 26 January 2023) …
As referências deste artigo necessitam de formatação. Por favor, utilize fontes apropriadas contendo título, autor e data para que o verbete permaneça verificável. (Dezembro de 2021) Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Dezembro de 2021) Copa Alagoas de Futebol Copa Alagoa…
Fictional character from The Godfather series For the Italian conductor, see Carlo Rizzi (conductor). Fictional character Carlo RizziGianni Russo as Carlo RizziFirst appearanceThe GodfatherLast appearanceThe Godfather Part II (flashback cameo)Created byMario PuzoPortrayed byGianni RussoIn-universe informationGenderMaleFamilyCorleone familySpouseConnie Corleone (1945–1955)ChildrenVictorMichael Francis Carlo Rizzi is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather. In the 1972 fil…
الكفاية في علم الرواية الْكِفَايَة فِي عِلْمِ الرِّوَايَة معلومات الكتاب المؤلف الخطيب البغدادي البلد بغداد اللغة العربية، والأردية الموضوع علم الحديث المواقع ويكي مصدر الكفاية في علم الرواية - ويكي مصدر مؤلفات أخرى تاريخ بغداد تعديل مصدري…
Ein Team von Computersicherheits-Hackern auf der DEFCON 17. Hacker ist die Bezeichnung für einen Menschen, der sich mit Hacks beschäftigt und diese teilweise auch ausführt („hackt“). Hacker haben eine hohe Kenntnis von Mechanismen der IT-Sicherheit und deren Schwachstellen. Einen „Hacker“ ohne tiefe Grundlagenkenntnisse bezeichnet man stattdessen als Scriptkiddie. Während der Begriff auch diejenigen beinhaltet, die Sicherheitslücken suchen, um sie aufzuzeigen oder zu korrigieren, wi…
Overview of tourism in Sri Lanka This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (January 2021) Hikkaduwa beach Tourists in Ravana Falls Tourism in Sri Lanka is growing rapidly. For centuries, Sri Lanka has been a popular place of attraction for foreign travelers. The Chinese traveler Fa-Hien visited Sri Lanka as early as the 410's AD/CE, and in the t…
Not to be confused with sodium chloride. Sodium chlorite The sodium cation Space-filling model of the chlorite anion Names IUPAC name Sodium chlorite Other names Chlorous acid, sodium saltTextone Identifiers CAS Number 7758-19-2 Y49658-21-1 (trihydrate) Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:78667 N ChemSpider 22860 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.028.942 EC Number 231-836-6 KEGG C19523 N PubChem CID 23668197 RTECS number VZ4800000 UNII G538EBV4VF YF83TIJ81F8…
Italian painter (1826–1899) Alberto PasiniPortrait circa 1870, from Book Le strade di Parma, by Tiziano Marcheselli [it]Born3 September 1826Busseto, ItalyDied15 December 1899CavorettoNationalityItalianEducationAcademy of Fine Art, ParmaKnown forPainter, lithographerMovementOrientalist Alberto Pasini (3 September 1826 – 15 December 1899) was an Italian painter.[1] He is best known for depicting Orientalist subjects in a late-Romantic style. Biography Damascus, 18…
artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) KBTTPK[[Berkas:|125px]] Tokoh penting Hardjosapoero(Bapa Panuntun Agung Sri Gutama)Soewartini Martodihardjo(Ibu Tuntunan Agung Sri Pawenang) Ajaran S…
Hari yang Cerah...Album studio karya PeterpanDirilis18 Mei 2007 (2007-05-18)Direkam2006 (2006) – 2007 (2007)Studio Masterplan Studio, Bandung Studionya Capung, Bandung Ariel Home Studio GenrePop rocksoft rockrock alternatifarena rockDurasi37:31LabelMusica Studio'sProduserNoey, Capung, IcomKronologi Peterpan Slalu, Untuk Sahabat...(2006)Slalu, Untuk Sahabat...2006 Hari yang Cerah...(2007) Sebuah Nama, Sebuah Cerita(2008)Sebuah Nama, Sebuah Cerita2008 Kronologi al…
Painting by Cima da Conegliano You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text…
Marxist theory of cultural dominance This article is about social control of society by a ruling class. For control of society by another society, see Cultural imperialism. The Marxist intellectual Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) developed cultural hegemony to explain the social-control structures of society, arguing that the working-class intelligentsia must generate a working-class ideology to counter the worldview (cultural hegemony) of the ruling class. In Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony…
Ernst von DobschützErnst von Dobschütz, Desember 1922LahirErnst Adolf Alfred Oskar Adalbert von Dobschütz9 Oktober 1870Halle, JermanMeninggal20 Mei 1934(1934-05-20) (umur 63)Halle, JermanPekerjaanpenulis, profesor, teolog Ernst Adolf Alfred Oskar Adalbert von Dobschütz (9 Oktober 1870 – 20 Mei 1934) adalah seorang teolog, tekstual kritikus asal Jerman penulis dari banyak buku dan profesor di Universitas Halle, Universitas Breslau, dan University of Strasbourg. Dia juga …
Unicameral assembly for making the Constitution of India This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Constituent Assembly of India – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Constituent Assembly of IndiaSeal of the Constituent AssemblyType…
此條目介紹的是位于北京市通州区新建的北京市级行政中心办公区。关于包含该办公区在内的城市规划区，请见「北京城市副中心」。 坐标：39°54′06″N 116°43′07″E / 39.9016°N 116.7185°E / 39.9016; 116.7185 北京市人民政府新址 北京城市副中心行政办公区周围规划（《北京城市副中心控制性详细规划（街区层面）（2016年—2035年）》 0901街区规划图则） 北…
Movement within the Catholic Church that began in 1967 This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Catholic Charismatic RenewalStained-glass window of a dove in Saint Peter's Basilica, symbolizing the H…
1993 film Untamed HeartTheatrical release posterDirected byTony BillWritten byTom SierchioProduced by Tony Bill Helen Buck Bartlett Starring Christian Slater Marisa Tomei Rosie Perez CinematographyJost VacanoEdited byMia GoldmanMusic byCliff EidelmanDistributed byMetro-Goldwyn-MayerRelease date February 12, 1993 (1993-02-12) Running time102 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$6 million[1]Box office$24 million[2] Untamed Heart is a 1993 American romanti…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.128.199.105