Clarence van Riet LoweFRSSAf (4 November 1894 – 7 June 1956[1]) was a South African civil engineer and archaeologist.[1][2] He was appointed by Jan Smuts as the first director of the Bureau of Archaeology and was among the first group to investigate the archaeological site of Mapungubwe.[4]
His interest in archaeology was piqued when he collected hand axes in the Wadi el-'Arish between Egypt and Gaza in 1917. After the First World War he returned to Cape Town to complete his degree in civil engineering. He worked in Pretoria and Natal and in 1922 he transferred to Knysna where he replaced the Westford Bridge that had been washed away in a flood. It was here that his interest in archaeology was again sparked.[4]
In 1923 he became assistant engineer in the Orange Free State which meant that he spent considerable time out assessing and supervising construction of 89 bridges.[2] This also gave him time to locate, catalogue and collect artefacts from more than 300 prehistoric sites, mainly in the valleys of the Wilger, Vals, Rhenoster, Caledon, Modder and Riet rivers and around the towns of Smithfield, Fauresmith and Wilton.[4][5] From 1926 he corresponded with the School of African studies at the University of Cape Town and the South African Museum regarding his finds and donated his artefacts to museums in Bloemfontein, Cape Town and the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.[5] After 1928 he travelled to many areas in the Transvaal and Cape Province. During this time he wrote and illustrated a paper on Smithfield culture and co-authored "Stone Age Cultures of South Africa" with A.J. Goodwin for the "Annals of the South African Museum".[4]
He was involved in the investigations of Mapungubwe in conjunction with Professors Fouché, Malan and Tromp of the University of Pretoria in 1933 and wrote about it in 1936.[2][6][7]
The president of the BSA, Jan Smuts initiated the creation of the Bureau of Archaeology in 1935 with van Riet Lowe as its first director.[8] In the same year the University of the Witwatersrand awarded him the title "Professor of Archaeology", but the title did not include any teaching responsibilities. He spent his time creating a basic geological and climatological background for investigation of early man in South Africa using data obtained from the deposits of the Vaal River in conjunction with South African Geological Surveys.[4]
In 1937 van Riet Lowe was elected President of the South African Museums' Association. He undertook research in, amongst other places, Egypt and Southern Rhodesia. In 1938 he received his D.Sc (Archaeology) from the University of Cape Town.[4] In the same year he collaborated with Robert Broom, the co-discoverer of Mrs. Ples.
In 1939 he collaborated with E.J. Wayland to produce "The Pleistocene Geology and Prehistory of Uganda, Part II" (published in 1952).[4]
In 1954 he retired from the Bureau of Archaeology (then called the "Archaeological Survey") and lectured for a single term at the University of Cape Town.[4]
Awards, recognition and membership
Van Riet Lowe received numerous accolades including:[4][5]
Van Riet Lowe, C. 1937. Prehistoric rock engravings in the Vaal River basin, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 24.
Van Riet Lowe, C. 1944. Notes on Dr. Francis Cabu's collection of stone implements from the Belgian Congo, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 30.
Van Riet Lowe, C. 1952. The Pleistocene Geology and Prehistory of Uganda, Geological Survey of Uganda Memoir no. 6. Colchester
Van Riet Lowe, C. 1952. The Distribution of Prehistoric Rock Engravings and Paintings in South Africa, Archaeological Survey Series 7. Cape Town.
"The development of the hand-axe culture in South Africa". Proceedings of the Pan-African Congress on Prehistory, Nairobi 1947. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1952.
Goodwin, A.J.; van Riet Lowe, C. (1929). The Trustees of the South African Museum (ed.). "The Stone Age Cultures of South Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. XXVII: 289. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00008395.
Personal life
Van Riet Lowe married Iris Ethelwynne Kelly in Cape Town in 1922. They had a son and a daughter.[3][4]
He was an accomplished illustrator and copied by hand a large number of the cave paintings and petroglyphs that he discovered.[9] He also collected beads made by the indigenous inhabitants as part of his private collection.[4]
He died on 17 June 1956 in Knysna following a minor operation.[4][5]
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A. J. H. G (September 1956). "C. van Riet Lowe". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 11 (43): 82–83. JSTOR3887401.
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Lowe, C. van Riet (September 1936). "Mapungubwe. First Report on Excavations in the Northern Transvaal - Antiquity". Antiquity. 10 (39): 282–291. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00011844. ISSN0003-598X.
