The bromate anion, BrO−3, is a bromine-based oxoanion. A bromate is a chemical compound that contains this ion. Examples of bromates include sodium bromate, (NaBrO3), and potassium bromate, (KBrO3).
Bromates are formed many different ways in municipal drinking water. The most common is the reaction of ozone and bromide:
Electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis of brine without a membrane operating to form hypochlorite, will also produce bromate when bromide ion is present in the brine solution.
Photoactivation (sunlight exposure) will encourage liquid or gaseous bromine to generate bromate in bromide-containing water.
In laboratories bromates can be synthesized by dissolving Br2 in a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The following reactions will take place (via the intermediate creation of hypobromite):
Bromate in drinking water is undesirable because it is a suspected human carcinogen.[1][2] Its presence in Coca-Cola's Dasani bottled water forced a recall of that product in the UK.[3]
Although few by-products are formed by ozonation, ozone reacts with bromide ions in water to produce bromate. Bromide can be found in sufficient concentrations in fresh water to produce (after ozonation) more than 10 ppb of bromate—the maximum contaminant level established by the USEPA. Proposals to reduce bromate formation include: lowering the water pH below 6.0, limiting the doses of ozone, using an alternate water source with a lower bromide concentration, pretreatment with ammonia, and addition of small concentrations of chloramines prior to ozonation.[4]
On December 14, 2007, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) announced that it would drain Silver Lake Reservoir and Elysian Reservoir due to bromate contamination. At the Silver Lake and Elysian reservoirs a combination of bromide from well water, chlorine, and sunlight had formed bromate. The decontamination took 4 months, discharging over 600 million US gallons (2.3×10^6 m3) of contaminated water.[5]
On June 9, 2008 the LADWP began covering the surface of the 10-acre (4 ha), 58-million-US-gallon (0.22×10^6 m3) open Ivanhoe Reservoir with black, plastic shade balls to block the sunlight which causes the naturally present bromide to react with the chlorine used in treatment. 3 million of the 40 cent balls are required to cover the Ivanhoe and Elysian reservoirs.[6]
Currently no bromate-bearing minerals (i.e., the ones with bromate ion being an essential constituent) are known.[7]
Other bromine anions:
Auguste Raemdonck van Megrode Auguste François Egide Marie Raemdonck van Megrode (Lokeren, 10 maart 1863 - aldaar, 15 oktober 1939)[1] was een Belgisch volksvertegenwoordiger voor de Katholieke Partij en burgemeester van Lokeren. Levensloop Raemdonck was een zoon van brouwer Louis Raemdonck en van Justine Lapeer. Hij trouwde met Aline van Mossevelde de Meersman. Hij promoveerde tot doctor in de politieke en administratieve wetenschappen (1886) en tot doctor in de rechten (1887) aan de K…
For the song by H-Town, see Knockin' Da Boots. 1990 single by CandymanKnockin' BootsSingle by Candymanfrom the album Ain't No Shame in My Game B-sideKeep On Watcha Doin'ReleasedJuly 20, 1990Recorded1989-1990GenreHip hop, R&BLength3:53LabelEpicSongwriter(s)Candell Manson, Betty Wright, Willie Clarke, Eugene Hamilton, Popcorn Wylie, Albert HamiltonProducer(s)Johnny JCandyman singles chronology Knockin' Boots (1990) Melt in Your Mouth (1990) Knockin' Boots is the debut single by rapper Cand…
Carl Czerny Carl CzernyCarl Czerny (1791-1857) Nascimento 21 de fevereiro de 1791Viena Morte 15 de julho de 1857 (66 anos)Viena Sepultamento Cemitério Central de Viena Cidadania Império Austríaco Alma mater Universidade de Música e Performances Artísticas de Viena Ocupação pianista, compositor, musicólogo, teórico musical, professor de músicapiano [edite no Wikidata] Carl Czerny Carl Czerny (Viena, 21 de fevereiro de 1791 - Viena, 15 de julho de 1857) foi um pianista, compositor e …
British professional rugby league football club This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Salford Red Devils – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Salford Red DevilsClub informationFull nameSalford Red Devils Rugby League Footba…
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Dalelkhan Sugirbayev Dalelkhan Sugirbayev, juga Dālil Khan, Delilhan, Delilhan Sugurbayoglu atau Talilhan Sukurbayeff[1][2] (Hanzi sederhana: 达列力汗·苏古尔巴也夫; Hanzi tradisional: 達列力汗·蘇古爾巴也夫; …
Bokura no EurekaSingel oleh NMB48Sisi-BTodokanasoude Todokumono (Tipe A, Tipe B, Tipe C)Okuba (Tipe A)Yabanna Soft Cream (Tipe B)Hinadan dewa Boku no Miryoku wa Ikinainda (Tipe C)Sayanee (Tipe Teater)Dirilis19 Juni 2013 (2013-06-19)FormatMaxi singleGenreJ-popLabellough out loud! recordsPenciptaAkimoto YasushiProduserAkimoto YasushiVideo musikBokura no Eureka (versi pendek) di YouTubeVideo musikOkuba di YouTubeVideo musikYabanna Soft Cream di YouTubeVideo musikHinadan dewa Boku no Miryoku wa…
Padma BhushanJenisSipilKategoriNasionalDiinstitusikan1954Penghargaan pertama1954Total yang diberi penghargaan205Dianugerahi olehPemerintah IndiaNama sebelumnyaPadma Vibhushan Dusra Warg (Kelas II)ObverseSebuah bunga teratai di bagian tengah dan tulisan Padma yang ditulis dalam aksara Devanagari ditempatkan di bagian atas dan tulisan Bhushan ditempatkan di bagian bawah teratai.ReverseSebuah Lambang Negara India platinum ditempatkan di tengah dengan slogan nasional India, Satyameva Jayat…
German truck Motor vehicle Unimog 421An Unimog 421 CabrioOverviewTypeTractorManufacturerDaimler-BenzAlso calledUnimog 431Unimog U40Unimog U45Unimog U52Unimog U60Production1966–1989AssemblyMercedes-Benz-Werk GaggenauPowertrainEngineOM 636OM 621OM 615OM 616TransmissionManual gearbox, 2×4 gearsChronologyPredecessorUnimog 411SuccessorUnimog 407 The Unimog 421 is a vehicle of the Mercedes-Benz Unimog series, made by Daimler-Benz. In total, 18,995[1] units of the Unimog 421 were built …
Indian actor Ram PothineniPothineni in 2017Born (1988-05-15) 15 May 1988 (age 35)Hyderabad, Telangana IndiaOccupationActorYears active2006–present Ram Pothineni (born 15 May 1988) is an Indian actor who primarily works in Telugu films. He made his acting debut with the box office success Devadasu (2006), for which he won Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South. He has two Filmfare Award South and one SIIMA Awards to his credit.[1] Post his debut, he starred in the commer…
Indian politician For a politician from Uttar Pradesh, India, see Rajendra Singh Rana. Rajendrasinh Ghanshyamsinh RanaPresident of Gujarat State BJPIn office1998–2006Chief MinisterKeshubhai Patel Narendra ModiMember of ParliamentIn office1996–2014Preceded byMahavirsinh Harisinhji GohilConstituencyBhavnagarSucceeded byBhartiben Shiyal Personal detailsBorn (1956-05-22) 22 May 1956 (age 67)Bhavnagar, Saurashtra, IndiaPolitical partyBharatiya Janata PartySpouseIla RanaChildren1 sonResidence…
Huracán Motors S.A. Rechtsform Sociedad Anónima Gründung 1956 Auflösung 1965 Sitz Barcelona, Spanien Leitung José Maria Duran Balet Branche Automobilindustrie Website www.huracanmotors.es Huracán Oxford von 1960 Huracán Motors SA war ein spanischer Hersteller von Motorräder und Automobilen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Unternehmensgeschichte 2 Fahrzeuge 2.1 Motorräder 2.2 Automobile 2.3 Lieferwagen 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks Unternehmensgeschichte Das Unternehmen aus Barcelona begann 1956 mit der P…
Stasiun Iwanuma岩沼駅Pintu masuk timur pada Juni 2010Lokasi1 Tateshita, Iwanuma-shi, Miyagi-ken 989-2441JepangKoordinat38°06′43″N 140°51′51″E / 38.1118946°N 140.8641028°E / 38.1118946; 140.8641028Koordinat: 38°06′43″N 140°51′51″E / 38.1118946°N 140.8641028°E / 38.1118946; 140.8641028Pengelola JR EastJalur ■ Jalur Utama Tōhoku ■ Jalur Jōban Letak dari pangkal334.2 km dari TokyoJumlah peron1 peron samping + 2 peron pu…
2003 live album by Cowboy JunkiesIn the Time Before LlamasLive album by Cowboy JunkiesReleasedNovember 18, 2003[1]RecordedMay 1, 1990March 6, 1992GenreAlternative country[2]Length1:17:50[1]LabelStrange FruitProducerAnthony Pugh, Mark Radcliffe, Pete Ritzema[3]Cowboy Junkies chronology Platinum & Gold Collection(2003) In the Time Before Llamas(2003) One Soul Now(2004) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingEncyclopedia of Popular Music[4] …
Este artigo não cita fontes confiáveis. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Janeiro de 2020) Ermida de Nossa Senhora de Lurdes, Beira, Velas. A Ermida de Nossa Senhora de Lurdes, é uma ermida Portuguesa, localizada no povoado da Beira, concelho de Velas. Esta ermida foi dedicada à evocação de Nossa Senhora de Lurdes, e edificada em 19…
Cream-filled pastry ProfiteroleA plate of cream puffsAlternative namesCream puff (US)Place of originFranceMain ingredientsChoux pastryFilling: whipped cream, custard, or ice creamOther informationWater based, milk based Media: Profiterole Chou with chocolate ganache A profiterole (French: [pʁɔfitʁɔl]), cream puff (US), or chou à la crème (French: [ʃu a la kʁɛm]) is a filled French choux pastry ball with a typically sweet and moist filling of whipped cream, cust…
Медаль «За оборону Москвы» Страна СССР Тип медаль Кому вручается всем участникам обороны Москвы Статус не вручается Статистика Параметры круг из латуни диаметром 32 мм Дата учреждения 1 мая 1944 года Первое награждение 20 июля 1944 года Количество награждений около 1…
Jorge 2° Marquês de Milford HavenConde de Medina Jorge Mountbatten, 2.º Marquês de Milford Haven Marquês de Milford Haven Reinado 11 de setembro de 1921a 8 de abril de 1938 Predecessor Luís Mountbatten Sucessor David Mountbatten Conde de Medina Reinado 7 de novembro de 1917a 11 de setembro de 1921 Predecessor Título Estabelecido Sucessor David Mountbatten Nascimento 6 de dezembro de 1892 Novo Palácio, Darmstadt, Hesse e Reno, Império Alemão Morte 8 de abril de 1938 (…
Merry Go BoyMerry Go BoyBreedTennessee Walking HorseDisciplineShow horseSireMerry BoyGrandsireRoan AllenDamWiser's DimplesMaternal grandsireGiovanniSexStallionFoaled1943CountryUnited StatesColorBlack, star and left hind sockBreederArchie WiserTrainerWinston WiserMajor winsWorld Grand Championships in 1947, 1948 Merry Go Boy (May 4, 1943 – July 7, 1967) was a highly influential Tennessee Walking Horse sire and two-time World Grand Champion. He is credited for producing the most desirable confor…
Regional political movement in Italy This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Flag of the Republic of Venice War flag of the…
Bahasa Franco-Provençal patouès, arpetan Arpitan Pengucapan[ɑrpiˈtɑ̃]; [patuˈe], [patuˈɑ]; [ɑrpəˈtɑ̃]Dituturkan di Italia Prancis Swiss WilayahAosta Valley, Piedmont, Foggia, Franche-Comté, Savoie, Bresse, Bugey, Dombes, Beaujolais, Dauphiné, Lyonnais, Forez, RomandiePenutur(140 per 1998–2007)[1]includes 70,000 in France (1971 census)[2]Rumpun bahasaIndo-Eropa ItalicRomanceWesternGallo-RomanceFranco-Provençal DialekFaeto & Celle San V…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.118.226.2