In 1967 he graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań with M.Sc. degree. Brzezinski defended his Ph.D. in 1972 and D.Sc. in 1982. He is a Professor since 1991.
He was Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry UAM in the years 1990–1996. Currently Prof. Brzezinski is the head of the Department of Biochemistry since 1998.
In the years 1975–1977 Brzezinski was Alexander von Humboldt Fellow at the Faculty of Biophysic of University of Munich in Germany. Many times he was visiting Professor of Humboldt University (Faculty of Biophysic Charite) in Berlin.