Beevor's sign

Beevor's sign
Differential diagnosisspinal cord injury

Beevor's sign is medical sign in which the navel moves towards the head upon flexing the neck, indicating selective weakness of the lower abdominal muscles.[1] Causes include spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).

Etymology

The sign is named after Charles Edward Beevor, an English neurologist (1854–1908) who first described it.[2]

Pathophysiology

Beevor's sign occurs when the upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle is intact but the lower part is weak. When the patient is asked to raise his head as he lies supine on bed, the upper part of the muscle contracts disproportionately more than the lower portion, pulling the umbilicus toward the head.[citation needed]

Clinical significance

Beevor’s sign is characteristic of spinal cord injury between T9 and T10 levels.[3] The sign has also been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease causing progressive weakening of the muscles of multiple areas of the body, and in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a disease named after areas of the body it preferentially weakens (face, shoulder, and upper arm). FSHD tends to affect the lower rectus abdominis more than the upper.[4]

It has also been described in inclusion body myositis.[5]

References

  1. ^ Pearce JM (2005). "Beevor's sign". Eur. Neurol. 53 (4): 208–9. doi:10.1159/000086731. PMID 16015010.
  2. ^ Tashiro K (July 2001). "Charles Edward Beevor (1854-1908)". J. Neurol. 248 (7): 635–6. doi:10.1007/s004150170149. PMID 11518013. S2CID 31320219.
  3. ^ Mathys, J; De Marchis, GM (Jan 8, 2013). "Teaching video neuroimages: Beevor sign: when the umbilicus is pointing to neurologic disease". Neurology. 80 (2): e20. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827b90f9. PMID 23296136.
  4. ^ Awerbuch GI, Nigro MA, Wishnow R (November 1990). "Beevor's sign and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy". Arch. Neurol. 47 (11): 1208–9. doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530110066018. PMID 2146943.
  5. ^ de Camargo, LV; de Carvalho, MS; Shinjo, SK; de Oliveira, ASB; Zanoteli, E (2018). "Clinical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Findings in Inclusion Body Myositis". BioMed Research International. 2018: 5069042. doi:10.1155/2018/5069042. PMC 5893008. PMID 29780824.

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