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Barony of Arklow
Barony of Arklow
	Arms of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
Creation date	24 May 1881
Creation	Second
Created by	Queen Victoria
Peerage	Peerage of the United Kingdom
First holder	Prince Augustus Frederick
Last holder	Prince Charles Edward
Remainder to	the 1st Baron's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Status	Suspended

Baron Arklow was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom that has been created twice. Arklow is a town in County Wicklow in Ireland.

History

First creation, 1801

It was created first in 1801 as a substantive title by King George III for his son Prince Augustus Frederick.^[1] Augustus Frederick was also created Duke of Sussex and Earl of Inverness, on the same day. The title became extinct upon Prince Augustus Frederick's death in 1843.

Although Prince Augustus Frederick was survived by a son and daughter by Lady Augusta Murray, their marriage (purportedly solemnized at St George's Hanover Square Church, Westminster, in 1793) had been annulled for lack of royal permission under the Royal Marriages Act 1772, rendering the children illegitimate under English law and unable to inherit titles from their father. Both children by the annulled marriage died childless, rendering the issue of their inheritance moot.

On 2 May 1831, Prince Augustus Frederick married secondly (and again in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772), Lady Cecilia Gore at Great Cumberland Place, London. Not being the Prince's legitimate wife, Lady Cecilia could not be received at court. On 30 March 1840, she was given the title of Duchess of Inverness in her own right by Queen Victoria.^[2]

Second creation, 1881

The second creation in 1881, as a substantive title by Queen Victoria for her son Prince Leopold.^[3] Leopold was also created Duke of Albany and Earl of Clarence, on the same day. Prince Leopold's son, Prince Charles Edward (who had succeeded as reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1900), was deprived of the peerage in 1919 for bearing arms against the United Kingdom in World War I.^[4]

Baron Arklow, first Creation (1801)

Baron	Portrait	Birth	Marriage(s)	Death
Prince Augustus Frederick House of Hanover 1801–1843 also: Duke of Sussex and Earl of Inverness (1801)		27 January 1773 Buckingham House, London son of King George III and Queen Charlotte	4 April 1793 Lady Augusta Murray 2 children 2 May 1831 Lady Cecilia Underwood No children	21 April 1843 Kensington Palace, London aged 70
Prince Augustus' marriage to Lady Augusta Murray, which produced two children, was invalid under the Royal Marriages Act 1772; accordingly all his titles became extinct on his death.

Baron Arklow, second Creation (1881)

Baron	Birth	Marriage(s)	Death
Prince Leopold House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1882–1884 also: Duke of Albany and Earl of Clarence (1881)	7 April 1853 Buckingham Palace, London son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert	Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont 27 April 1882 2 children	28 March 1884 Villa Nevada, Cannes aged 30
Prince Charles Edward House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1884–1919 also: Duke of Albany and Earl of Clarence (1881)	19 July 1884 Claremont, Esher son of Prince Leopold and Princess Helena	Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein 11 October 1905 5 children	6 March 1954 Coburg aged 69
The Titles Deprivation Act 1917 suspended the title on 28 March 1919.

Family tree

Family tree of the Dukes of Sussex, Earls of Dumbarton, Earls of Inverness, Barons Kilkeel, Barons Arklow

George III
(1738–1820)

Duke of Sussex (1st creation), Earl of Inverness (1st creation), and Baron Arklow (1st creation), 1801

Prince Edward
(1767–1820)
Duke of Kent and Strathearn

Prince Augustus Frederick
(1773–1843)
Duke of Sussex

Dukedom extinct, 1843

Queen Victoria
(1819–1901)

Augustus d'Este
(1794-1848)

Baron Arklow (2nd creation), 1881

Edward VII
(1841–1910)

Prince Leopold
(1853–1884)
Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, 1st Baron Arklow

Earl of Inverness (2nd creation), 1892

George Frederick Ernest Albert
(1865–1936)
Earl of Inverness
Later King George V

Prince Charles Edward
(1884–1919)
Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, 2nd Baron Arklow

Earldom of Inverness (2nd creation) merged with the crown, 1910

Barony Arklow (2nd creation) forfeit, 1919

Earl of Inverness (3rd creation), 1920

Edward VIII
(1894–1972)

Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George
(1895–1952)
Earl of Inverness
Later King George VI

Earldom of Inverness (3rd creation) merged with the crown, 1936

Queen Elizabeth II
(1926–2022)

Earl of Inverness (4th creation), 1986

Charles III
(b. 1948)

Prince Andrew
(b. 1960)
Duke of York, Earl of Inverness

Earldom of Inverness is not inherited

Duke of Sussex (2nd creation), Earl of Dumbarton, Baron Kilkeel, 2018

William, Prince of Wales
(b. 1982)

Prince Harry
Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton, Baron Kilkeel
(b. 1984)

Prince Archie of Sussex
(b. 2019)

Heir apparent

References

^ "No. 15429". The London Gazette. 24 November 1801. p. 1403.
^ "No. 19842". The London Gazette. 31 March 1840. p. 858.
^ "No. 24977". The London Gazette. 24 May 1881. p. 2677.
^ Eilers, Marlene (1997). Queen Victoria's Descendants. Falkoping, Sweden: Rosvall Royal Books. pp. 106–108, 160–162, 164–165, 179–180. ISBN 91-630-5964-9.

[1] "No. 15429". The London Gazette. 24 November 1801. p. 1403.

[2] "No. 19842". The London Gazette. 31 March 1840. p. 858.

[3] "No. 24977". The London Gazette. 24 May 1881. p. 2677.

[eilers-4] Eilers, Marlene (1997). Queen Victoria's Descendants. Falkoping, Sweden: Rosvall Royal Books. pp. 106–108, 160–162, 164–165, 179–180. ISBN 91-630-5964-9.

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