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Baidu Maps
	Screenshot of the SimCity-like style that Baidu Maps offers for the city of Shanghai, China.
Native name	百度地图
Type of site	Web mapping
Available in	Chinese
Owner	Baidu
URL	Baidu Maps
Commercial	Yes
Registration	None
Launched	2005; 20 years ago
Current status	Active

Baidu Maps is a desktop and mobile web mapping service application and technology provided by Baidu, offering satellite imagery, street maps, street view (which is called "Panorama" – zh:百度全景) and indoor view perspectives,^[1] as well as functions such as a route planner for traveling by foot, car, or with public transport. Android and iOS applications are available.

Baidu Maps is available only in the Chinese language and, before 2016, it offered only maps of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, with the rest of the world appearing unexplored.^[2] Currently, Baidu Maps also offers maps of various other countries.^{[citation needed]} It was reported that more than 150 countries would be supported by the end of 2016.^[3] Baidu uses map data supplied by NavInfo, MapKing, Here, LocalKing and OpenStreetMap.^[4]

In 2016, it was reported that Baidu Maps had over 348 million monthly active users.^[5]

Countries and territories supported

Within Mainland China

Mainland China

Outside Mainland China

History

On September 30, 2005, Baidu Maps was released.^[6]

In 2010, Baidu added a detailed three-dimensional view for select cities, which has been described as being SimCity-like.^[7] The feature is licensed from the digital mapping service Edushi.^[8] Cities covered include Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In November 2011, Baidu launched satellite imagery for the Greater China region with better resolution than Google Maps.^[9] City-level only includes Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Macao and other major cities.

On September 3, 2012, at its annual Baidu World event, Baidu revealed 360-degree digital imagery for select buildings.^[8]

On August 21, 2013, Baidu Maps launched the Baidu Panoramic Map and announced the upgrade of its location-based services business. According to Silicon Valley Power, Shen Li, head of Baidu’s LBS business unit, states that Baidu Maps' users have exceeded 200 million.^[10]

Coordinate system

Baidu Maps uses a variant of web Mercator projection for slicing map data into tiles, with distances expressed in degrees. It is associated with an underlying latitude-longitude reference. The reference uses the BD-09 coordinate system, which adds further obfuscation to the already obscure national standard in China, GCJ-02^[11] (which in turn is defined in terms of the de facto standard around the world, WGS 84). Baidu alleges that adopting BD-09 "protects users' privacy".^[12]

The Baidu Maps API documentation specifies that "real" (WGS 84) GPS coordinates must be converted via a coordinate conversion interface.^[13] An HTTP interface, JavaScript API, Android SDK, and iOS SDK are available.

The JavaScript coordinate conversion API is demonstrated online by Baidu, but without any reverse (to GCJ-02) conversion capabilities.^[14] Open source implementations in R^[15] and various other languages^[16] exist, implemented in a manner much like the reverse GCJ-02 algorithm.

BD-09's latitude-longitude coordinates are derived by scrambling a polar version of GCJ-02 coordinates and adding a fixed offset:^[15]

from cmath import polar, rect
from math import sin, cos, pi
# Represent coordinates with complex numbers for simplicity
coords = complex

# baidu assumes x/real: lon; y/imag: lat here.
def gcj_bd(gcj: coords) -> coords:
    r, θ = polar(gcj)
    r += 2e-5 * sin(gcj.imag * pi * 3000 / 180)
    θ += 3e-6 * cos(gcj.real * pi * 3000 / 180)
    return rect(r, θ) + (0.0065 + 0.006j)

Street view service

The street view service of Baidu Maps was first launched on August 21, 2013.^[17] This is a list of cities supported as of March 11, 2015:

Provincial level division	City
Beijing	Beijing
Shanghai	Shanghai
Tianjin	Tianjin
Chongqing	Chongqing
Liaoning	Shenyang, Liaoyang, Dalian, Fushun, Panjin, Jinzhou, Chaoyang, Dandong, Yingkou
Jilin	Changchun, Jilin City, Tonghua, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Songyuan, Baicheng
Heilongjiang	Harbin, Daqing, Qiqihar, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi
Shanxi	Taiyuan, Jinzhong, Shuozhou, Xinzhou, Lüliang, Yangquan, Linfen, Changzhi, Yuncheng
Shandong	Jinan, Qingdao, Tai'an, Weifang, Rizhao, Weihai, Jining, Yantai, Dongying, Binzhou, Liaocheng
Anhui	Hefei, Wuhu, Huangshan City, Lu'an
Jiangsu	Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Yangzhou, Changzhou, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Huai'an, Nantong, Zhenjiang, Suqian
Zhejiang	Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Zhoushan, Lishui, Taizhou, Quzhou
Hebei	Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Langfang, Qinhuangdao, Chengde, Tangshan, Zhangjiakou
Henan	Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Anyang, Xinxiang, Luoyang, Shangqiu, Xuchang, Pingdingshan, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Xinyang, Jiaozuo
Hubei	Xiangyang, Jingmen, Jingzhou, Shiyan, Suizhou, Huangshi
Hunan	Changsha, Zhangjiajie, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Jiangxi	Nanchang, Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, Ji'an, Shangrao
Fujian	Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Putian, Zhangzhou, Nanping
Guangdong	Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Qingyuan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Zhanjiang, Foshan, Shantou, Shanwei, Jieyang
Guangxi	Liuzhou, Guilin, Beihai, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang, Yulin, Guangxi, Guigang, Chongzuo, Baise
Hainan	Haikou, Sanya, Danzhou, Wenchang, Tunchang County, Qionghai, Wanning, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Wuzhishan City, Dongfang, Hainan, Ding'an County, Chengmai County, Lingao County, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County
Inner Mongolia	Hohhot, Hulunbuir, Ordos City, Baotou, Hinggan League, Chifeng, Tongliao
Ningxia	Yinchuan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei
Gansu	Lanzhou, Jiuquan, Zhangye, Jiayuguan City, Qingyang, Pingliang, Tianshui, Wuwei
Qinghai	Xining, Golmud, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Shaanxi	Xi'an, Yulin, Baoji, Yan'an, Xianyang, Hanzhong
Yunnan	Kunming
Tibet Autonomous Region	Lhasa (prefecture-level city), Shigatse, Nagqu Prefecture, Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture
Xinjiang	Aksu, Kashgar, Turpan, Hotan Prefecture
Hong Kong	Hong Kong
Macau	Macau

Blocking

India

In June 2020, the Indian Government blocked Baidu Maps as well as 58 other Chinese apps, citing national security concerns^[18]^[19] during the clashes between the People's Liberation Army Ground Force and the Indian Army in the Galwan Valley.^[20]

References

^ "Indoor view of Chinese restaurant". Baidu Maps. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ "Why do Baidu and Tencent QQ Map(s) only show China, and blank for the rest of the world?". 5 April 2015.
^ "百度地图宣布国际化战略年底覆盖150个国家". 百度. 2016-04-22. Archived from the original on 2016-08-12. Retrieved 2016-06-26.
^ Lee, Mark (6 July 2012). "Apple Shares Google China Map Partner in Win for AutoNavi: Tech". Bloomberg.
^ Smith, Craig (June 2, 2021). "Baidu Statistics, User Counts and Facts (2021)". Retrieved December 4, 2021.
^ Jing, Sun (September 30, 2005). Jian, Chen (ed.). "百度地图搜索欲上线对战Google 争抢巨大市场". Archived from the original on 2006-01-12. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
^ "Baidu beats Google when it comes to mapping". 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b Millward, Steven (3 September 2012). "Baidu Maps Gets 8-Bit 3D Views, Makes Real Life Feel Like Sim City [Updated]". TechInAsia. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ Custer, Charlie (6 November 2011). "Baidu Maps Launches Satellite View". TechInAsia. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
^ "百度地图LBS业务战略再升级". tech.sina.com.cn. August 23, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2024.
^ "Frequently Asked Questions". developer.baidu.com/map (in Chinese). Baidu. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
^ "Baidu LBS Open Platform FAQ". Baidu Developer. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
^ "Coordinate Conversion API". developer.baidu.com/map (in Chinese). Baidu. Archived from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
^ "Conversion from GCJ-02 coordinates used by Google Maps in China to BD-09". Baidu Map JavaScript demos (in Chinese).
^ ^a ^b "A package for geocoding, reverse geocoding and coordinate transformations between WGS-84, GCJ-02 and BD-09 coordinate systems". GitHub. 15 February 2014.
^ Lee, Googol. "Transform coordinates between Earth (WGS-84) and Mars in China (GCJ-02)". GitHub.
^ "百度全景：真实世界百度地图触手可及".
^ "Tiktok pulled from India stores in ban on 59 Chinese apps · TechNode". TechNode. 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
^ Shrivastava, Rahul (June 29, 2020). "Govt bans 59 Chinese apps including TikTok as border tensions simmer in Ladakh". India Today. Retrieved 2020-06-29.
^ "India bans 59 mostly Chinese apps amid border crisis". Reuters. 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

External links

Baidu Maps
Baidu Map API example plotting markers with WGS-84, GCJ-02 and BD-09 coordinates

[1] "Indoor view of Chinese restaurant". Baidu Maps. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

[2] "Why do Baidu and Tencent QQ Map(s) only show China, and blank for the rest of the world?". 5 April 2015.

[3] "百度地图宣布国际化战略年底覆盖150个国家". 百度. 2016-04-22. Archived from the original on 2016-08-12. Retrieved 2016-06-26.

[4] Lee, Mark (6 July 2012). "Apple Shares Google China Map Partner in Win for AutoNavi: Tech". Bloomberg.

[5] Smith, Craig (June 2, 2021). "Baidu Statistics, User Counts and Facts (2021)". Retrieved December 4, 2021.

[6] Jing, Sun (September 30, 2005). Jian, Chen (ed.). "百度地图搜索欲上线对战Google 争抢巨大市场". Archived from the original on 2006-01-12. Retrieved 7 April 2024.

[7] "Baidu beats Google when it comes to mapping". 23 November 2010. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

[TechInAsia-3d-buildings-8] Millward, Steven (3 September 2012). "Baidu Maps Gets 8-Bit 3D Views, Makes Real Life Feel Like Sim City [Updated]". TechInAsia. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

[9] Custer, Charlie (6 November 2011). "Baidu Maps Launches Satellite View". TechInAsia. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

[10] "百度地图LBS业务战略再升级". tech.sina.com.cn. August 23, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2024.

[11] "Frequently Asked Questions". developer.baidu.com/map (in Chinese). Baidu. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2015-04-08.

[12] "Baidu LBS Open Platform FAQ". Baidu Developer. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2016-12-19.

[baidu-mao-api-coordinate-conversion-13] "Coordinate Conversion API". developer.baidu.com/map (in Chinese). Baidu. Archived from the original on 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2015-04-08.

[14] "Conversion from GCJ-02 coordinates used by Google Maps in China to BD-09". Baidu Map JavaScript demos (in Chinese).

[caijun-15] "A package for geocoding, reverse geocoding and coordinate transformations between WGS-84, GCJ-02 and BD-09 coordinate systems". GitHub. 15 February 2014.

[evil-gh-16] Lee, Googol. "Transform coordinates between Earth (WGS-84) and Mars in China (GCJ-02)". GitHub.

[17] "百度全景：真实世界百度地图触手可及".

[18] "Tiktok pulled from India stores in ban on 59 Chinese apps · TechNode". TechNode. 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

[19] Shrivastava, Rahul (June 29, 2020). "Govt bans 59 Chinese apps including TikTok as border tensions simmer in Ladakh". India Today. Retrieved 2020-06-29.

[20] "India bans 59 mostly Chinese apps amid border crisis". Reuters. 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2020-08-16.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Baidu Maps

Countries and territories supported

Within Mainland China

Outside Mainland China

History

Coordinate system

Street view service

Blocking

India

References

External links

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