Apiogalacturonan

Apiogalacturonan
Names
Other names
Galacturonoapian
Identifiers
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Apiogalacturonans are a type of pectin found in the cell walls of Lemna and Zostera marina.[1] Substituted galacturonans are characterized by the presence of the saccharide appendant residue D-apiose in the case of apiogalacturonan, branching from a backbone of D-galacturonic acid residues. According to the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, "[t]he backbone of these polysaccharides is resistant to fragmentation by microbial EPGs."[2]

Lemnan belongs to rare apiogalacturonic pectic polysaccharides, along with zosteran from Zostera marina.[3]

The apiogalacturonan in Lemna has been studied for several nutritional and biotechnology applications in animal models. In brief, it has been shown to have gastric-protection and immune-adjuvant properties.[medical citation needed] It is also cryoprotective and this application has been patented.

The apiogalacturonan from Zostera marina currently is used in a variety of cosmetic functions.[citation needed] The German group Beiersdorf AG holds several patents on the application of apiogalacturonan for cosmetic applications.[citation needed] Zostera marina L. was selected for its antioxidative activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression.[4]

References

  1. ^ Gunter, E.A. (2004). "Isolation of Polysaccharides from the Callus Culture of Lemna minor L.". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 40: 80–83. doi:10.1023/B:ABIM.0000010359.68528.fe. S2CID 23940747.
  2. ^ "Plant Cell Walls". Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. University of Georgia. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  3. ^ Khasina, E.I. (2003). "Gastroprotective effect of lemnan, a pectic polysaccharide from Lemna minor L". Doklady Biological Sciences. 390: 204–206. doi:10.1023/A:1024437012646. PMID 12940141. S2CID 27423842.
  4. ^ Jin-Hui, Kim; Kyung-Eun, Lee; Jin-Hwa, Kim; Young-Ho, Cho; et al. (January 2004). "New Cosmetic Agents for Anti-aging from Zostera marina L.". Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea. 30.