PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Antoine Bourdelle
Antoine Bourdelle
Born	Antoine Bourdelle; 30 October 1861; Montauban, France
Died	1 October 1929 (aged 67); Le Vésinet, France
Known for	Sculpture
Signature

Antoine Bourdelle (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan buʁdɛl]; 30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles,^[1] was an influential and prolific French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important figure in the Art Deco movement and the transition from the Beaux-Arts style to modern sculpture.

His studio became the Musée Bourdelle, an art museum dedicated to his work, located at 18, rue Antoine Bourdelle, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, France.

Early life and education

Émile Antoine Bourdelle was born at Montauban, Tarn-et-Garonne in France on 30 October 1861.^[2] His father was a wood craftsman and cabinet-maker. In 1874, at the age of thirteen, he left school to work in his father's workshop, and also began carving his first sculptures of wood.

In 1876, with the assistance of writer Émile Pouvillon, he received a scholarship to attend the School of Fine Arts in Toulouse, though he remained fiercely independent and resisted the formal program.^[3] In 1884, at the age of twenty-four, he earned second place in the competition to enter the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. There he worked in the studio of Alexandre Falguière and frequented the studio of Jules Dalou, who was his neighbor.^[4]

Career

In 1885 he participated in the annual Salon of artists and won an honorable mention for his work, The First Victory of Hannibal. He rented a studio at 16 Impasse du Main, next to the painters Eugène Carrière and Jean-Paul Laurens. He worked in this studio until his death.^[5]

*Leda and the Swan*, Musée d'Art classique de Mougins

In 1887, he quit the studio of Falguièr, and, moved by the music of Beethoven, he made his first of what would eventually be some forty sculptures of the composer. In September 1893 Bourdelle joined the studio of Auguste Rodin. His collaboration with Rodin lasted fifteen years. In 1895, he received his first official commission, a war monument for the city of Montauban. His proposed plans, different from traditional monuments, created a scandal. Rodin intervened on his behalf, and the monument was finally erected in 1902.^[5]

In 1900, Bourdelle demonstrated his independence from Rodin's style with a bust of Apollo. In the same year, Bourdelle, Rodin and the sculptor Desbois opened a free school of sculpture, the Institut Rodin-Debois-Bourdelle. One of the students was Henri Matisse, who later produced some remarkable sculpture, but the school did not last long.^[5]

In 1905, Bourdelle had his first personal exhibition, in the gallery of the foundry-owner Hébrand. With the support of Hébrand and the material assistance of his foundry, Bourdelle was able to make larger works and earn greater recognition. His father died in 1906, and Bourdelle changed his first name to simply Antoine, after his father. He married his second wife, Cléopatre Sevastos (1892-1972), who was of Greek origin. She and their daughter, Rhodia, became a frequent inspiration for his works.^[6]

In 1908, Bourdelle left the studio of Rodin and set out on his own. In 1909 he exhibited a new work, Hercules the Archer at the annual Salon of the Societé Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He began to teach at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, where his students included Giacometti, Isaac Frenkel and Adaline Kent.^[7]

In 1913 the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées was inaugurated, with decoration on the facade and the interior atrium designed by Bourdelle. This work announced the debut of the Art Deco style, and was an important step towards modernism.^[5] He was a participant in the 1913 Armory Show in New York, a founder and vice-president of the Parisian Salon des Tuileries. He remained in Paris during the First World War, working on a commission for an art patron from Argentina, Rodolfo Acorta, a monument to General Alvear, which was inaugurated in Buenos Aires in 1925. In 1929, his first major public sculpture in Paris, the monument to the Polish poet Mickiewicz, was inaugurated on Place d'Alma.^[where?]

Death and legacy

Bourdelle, in poor health, died at Le Vésinet, near Paris, on 1 October 1929 and was interred in the Cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris, France.^[5]^[8]

Museums

Today the Musée Bourdelle in Paris sits amidst brick houses at 18 rue Antoine Bourdelle, a small street between the Gare Montparnasse and the offices of the famous French newspaper Le Monde. The museum consists of Bourdelle's house, studio, and garden where he worked from 1884 to 1929.^[9]^[10]

In the 1930s his widow opened his art studio for viewings.^[11] In 1949, the atelier of Bourdelle was donated by his former spouse Cléopâtre and his daughter to the city of Paris and it was opened as the Musée Bourdelle, additionally the street was renamed as rue Antoine Bourdelle.^[11]

A second museum, the Bourdelle Garden-Museum in Égreville, France was established by his daughter and son-in-law starting in 1969 and hosts another 56 of Bourdelle's sculptures in a garden setting.^[12]

Collections

His art work is in many public collections worldwide, including Musée d'Orsay (Paris),^[13] the National Museum of Western Art (Tokyo),^[14] List Visual Arts Center at MIT (Cambridge, Massachusetts),^[15] Harvard University Art Museums (Cambridge, Massachusetts),^[16] Cleveland Museum of Art,^[17] National Museum of Art of Romania,^[18] Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco,^[19] Courtauld Institute of Art (London), Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna (Rome), Hermitage Museum (Saint Petersburg, Russia), Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (Washington D.C.), Honolulu Museum of Art, Kimbell Art Museum (Fort Worth, Texas), Kröller-Müller Museum (Otterlo, Netherlands), the Minneapolis Institute of Art, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Buenos Aires), the National Galleries of Scotland, National Gallery of Australia, Musée Ingres (Montauban), the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Middelheim Open Air Sculpture Museum (Antwerp, Belgium), and the Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida), among others.^[20]

Personal life

In 1904, Bourdelle married artist Stephanie van Parys (also known as Vanparys, 1877–1945).^[21] His wife often served as a model for Bourdelle; by 1910 they had divorced.^[22] Together with van Parys they had a son, Pierre Bourdelle (c.1903–1966) and Pierre became an artist most active in the United States, and notable for his work at Cincinnati Union Terminal in 1933.^[21]^[23]^[24]

Bourdelle married in 1918 his former art student, Cléopâtre Sevastos (1882–1972), who also served as his model.^[25]^[26]^[27] Together with Sevastos they had a daughter, Rhodia Bourdelle (her married name was Dufet, Dufet–Bourdelle, 1911–2002) and she was an art curator.^[28]^[29]

Honors

In 1909 he was named Knight of the Legion of Honor, in 1919 Officier of the Legion of Honor, and in 1924 became a Commander of the Legion of Honor.

Sculpture

Hannibal's First Victory Original Plaster (1885)
The Great Warrior of Montauban, bronze, (1898), Hirshhorn Museum, Washington, D.C.
Day and Night, marble, 1903, Musée Bourdelle, Paris
The Sculptress at Work, 1906, bronze, Stanford Museum, Stanford University, California
Hercules the Archer (1909), Metropolitan Museum of Art
Bust of Ingres, Musée Ingres-Bourdelle, Montauban (1908)
Apollo with three of the nine muses, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–12)
La Grande Penelope, bronze, 1912, Montauban
Monument to Alvear Horse, Trammell Crow Sculpture Garden, Dallas, Texas (1913–25)
Dying Centaur, 1914, bronze, Musée Ingres-Bourdelle, Montauban
La Liberté, Daido Life Insurance Company, Osaka, Japan
The Virgin of Alsace, 1919–21, Edinburgh, Scotland
Monument to General Carlos M. de Alvear, Recoleta, Buenos Aires
Monument titled La France) (1922), erected 18 June 1948, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Palais de Tokyo
Bust of Jean Moreas, bronze, National Sculpture Garden, Athens, Greece
Bust of Gustave Eiffel at the Eiffel Tower France
Sappho, 1925 Montauban France

Students

Artists who studied with Antoine Bourdelle included:

Athanase Apartis, Greece
Alfredo Bigatti, Argentina
Jean de Botton, France
Lucie Bouniol, France
Margaret Butler (sculptor), New Zealand
Samuel Cashwan, United States
Pablo Curatella Manes, Argentina
Margaret Cossaceanu, Romania
Céline Emilian, Romania
Béni Ferenczy, Hungary
Yitzhak Frenkel, Israel, France
Helen Margaret George, England
Alberto Giacometti, Switzerland^[30]
Angela Gregory, United States
Otto Gutfreund, Czechoslovakia
Minna Harkavy, United States
Bror Hjorth, Sweden
René Iché, France
Mladen Josić, Serbia
Raoul Josset, France/United States
David Karfunkle, Austria/United States
Adaline Kent, United States^[7]
Emile Lahner, Hungary
Aristide Maillol, France
Henri Matisse, France
Vadym Meller, Ukraine
Marguerite Milward, England
Vera Mukhina, Russian Empire/USSR
Bencho Obreshkov, Bulgaria
Dudley Pratt, United States
Virginia Claflin Pratt, United States
Germaine Richier, France^[31]
Arnold Rönnebeck, Germany/United States
Ada Mae Sharpless, United States
Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, Portugal
Risto Stijović, Serbia
Sreten Stojanović, Serbia
Mihailo Tomić, Serbia
Josefina de Vasconcellos, England
Anna Marie Valentien, United States
Helen Wilson, United States
Louise Lentz Woodruff, United States
Ryumon Yasuda, Japan
Teodors Zalkalns, Latvia
José Luis Zorrilla de San Martín, Uruguay

For a first hand account of Bourdelle's teaching style see Arnold Ronnebeck's article from 1925, published in The Arts 8, no. 4 titled "Bourdelle Speaks to His Pupils: From a Paris Diary."

Notes and citations

^ Birth certificate of Émile Antoine Bordelles, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Leonore
^ "Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ Lemoine, Colin, Bourdelle, Cercle d'Art, (2004), pg. 8
^ Ruth Butler, Rodin: The Shape of Genius, Yale University Press, 1993, page 266, ISBN 978-0-300-06498-8
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Lemoine (2004), p. 8
^ Lemoine (2004), pg.
^ ^a ^b "Adaline Kent". Rehistoricizing The Time Around Abstract Expressionism in the San Francisco Bay Area (1950s–1960s). 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
^ "Antoine Bourdelle". Musée d'Orsay: Artists - biographical notes. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ Sabes-Dublanc, Sylvia (2018-11-14). "Musée Bourdelle, Paris, France". afar.com. AFAR media. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Musée Bourdelle, le plus bel atelier-jardin de Paris". Paris ZigZag (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ ^a ^b "Small Wonders: Amélie Simier introduces the Musée Bourdelle in Paris". Apollo Magazine. 2014-02-12. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Jardin Musée départemental Bourdelle". Fontainebleau Tourisme. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Tête d'Apollon [Head of Apollo]". Musée d'Orsay. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Collection: Émile-Antoine Bourdelle, The Dying Centaur". The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Tragic Mask of Beethoven". MIT List Visual Arts Center. 2014-04-11. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Emile-Antoine Bourdelle". Harvard Art Museums. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Collection Artist: Emile Antoine Bourdelle". The Cleveland Museum of Art. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
^ "The European Art Gallery". The National Museum of Art of Romania. Retrieved 2020-06-12. ...whereas the French one brings center stage paintings by famous 19th century artists such as Claude Monet, Paul Signac and Alfred Sisley alongside sculptures by Auguste Rodin, Camille Claudel and Antoine Bourdelle.
^ "Emile-Antoine Bourdelle". FAMSF Search the Collections. 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Emile Antoine Bourdelle Online". Artcyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ ^a ^b Karel, David (1992). Dictionnaire des artistes de langue française en Amérique du Nord: peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs, graveurs, photographes, et orfèvres [Dictionary of French-speaking artists in North America : painters, sculptors, designers, printmakers, photographers, and goldsmiths] (in French). Presses Université Laval. p. 114. ISBN 9782763772356.
^ Jianu, Ionel; Dufet, Miche (1978). Bourdelle. The great sculptors series. Arted, Éditions d'Art. ISBN 9782850670527.
^ "Pierre Bourdelle Papers An inventory of his Papers at Syracuse University". Syracuse University, Library Special Collection. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Post College's Artist, Man of Action As Well". Newspapers.com. Daily News from New York, New York. July 27, 1958. p. 278. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Bourdelle-Sevastos, Cleopatra 1882-1972". WorldCat. In 1906, Cleopatra Sévastos made the trip from Athens to Paris to study sculpture in the studio of Antoine Bourdelle, who married her a few years later.
^ "The exhibition "Intimate Bourdelle" opens up a new perspective on the workshop of Antoine Bourdelle (1861-1929)". www.unsa-education.com. UNSA Education. December 12, 2013. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Cleopatre Bourdelle, the wife of artist and sculptor Antoine Bourdelle, speaks of her husbands life and art.; part 1". The WFMT Studs Terkel Radio Archive. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ Jacobs, Emma (2019). The Little(r) Museums of Paris: An Illustrated Guide to the City's Hidden Gems. Hachette UK. ISBN 9780762466405.
^ "Letter from Rhodia Dufet Bourdelle to Alan Wurtzburger, July 1, 1962". collections.digitalmaryland.org. E. Kirkbride Miller Art Research Library, Baltimore Museum of Art. Retrieved 2020-06-12. In this letter from Rhodia Dufet Bourdelle, daughter of Emile Antoine Bourdelle,
^ "The Museum Ingres Bourdelle in Montauban France reopens after a complete renovation". Offbeattravel.com. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
^ "Antoine Bourdelle and the history of Musee Bourdelle". Eutouring.com. Retrieved 2020-06-12.

Bibliography

Colin Lemoine, Antoine Bourdelle. L'oeuvre à demeure, Paris, Paris-Musées, 2009
Bourdelle, Émile-Antoine, "Émile-Antoine Bourdelle, Sculptures and Drawings", Perth, Western Australian Art Gallery, 1978.
Jeancolas, Claude, Sculpture Française, CELIV, Paris (1992), (ISBN 978-2-86535-162-6)
Ottawa.National Gallery of Canada, "Antoine Bourdelle, 1861-1929", New York, C. E. Slatkin Galleries, 1961.
Colin Lemoine, Antoine Bourdelle, Paris, Cercle d'art, 2004,(ISBN 978-2-7022-0749-9)
Antoine Bourdelle, passeur de la modernité, exhibition catalogue (curators Roxana Theodorescu, Juliette Laffon and Colin Lemoine / Catalogue Colin Lemoine), Bucarest, National Museum of Art, 2006
Colin Lemoine, Le Fruit : une œuvre majuscule d'Antoine Bourdelle, Ligeia, January–June 2005, n°57-58-59-60, p. 60-78
Colin Lemoine, "...sans ce modelé à la Rodin, à la XVIIIe siècle qui beurre le tout : Bourdelle et la question d'un primitivisme occidental", Bulletin du musée Ingres, May 2006, n° 78, p. 49-66
Cléopâtre Sevastos, Ma vie avec Bourdelle, Paris-Musées-Editions des Cendres, 2005 (annoted edition by Colin Lemoine)
Véronique Gautherin, L'Oeil et la main (2000)
Antoine Bourdelle, d'un siècle l'autre. L'eurythmie de la modernité, exhibition catalogue by Colin Lemoine, Japan (Kitakyushu, Niigata, Takamatsu, Iwaki, Nagoya, Seoul), 2007–2008.