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Cockroach wasps; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Ampulex compressa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Superfamily:	Apoidea
Family:	Ampulicidae; Shuckard, 1840

Ampulicidae, or cockroach wasps, are a small (about 170 species), primarily tropical family of sphecoid wasps, all of which use various cockroaches as prey for their larvae. They are the most primitive family of sphecoid hunting wasps. They tend to have elongated jaws, pronounced neck-like constrictions behind the head, strongly petiolate abdomens, and deep grooves on the thorax. Many are quite ant-like in appearance, though some are brilliant metallic blue, green, and hot pink.

Most species sting the roach more than once and in a specific way. The first sting is directed at nerve ganglia in the cockroach's thorax, temporarily paralyzing the victim for a few minutes – more than enough time for the wasp to deliver a second sting. The second sting is directed into a region of the cockroach's brain that controls the escape reflex, among other things.^[1] When the cockroach has recovered from the first sting, it makes no attempt to flee. The wasp clips the antenna with its mandibles and drinks some of the haemolymph before walking backwards and dragging the roach by its clipped antenna to steer it to a burrow, where an egg will be laid on it. The wasp larva feeds on the subdued, living cockroach.

Description

Their antennae are inserted low on their face, with the sockets close to, or touching the fronto-clypeal structure. Its long prothorax is usually tuberculate with a high collar. The propodeum is also long, and ranges from U-shaped to nearly triangular. The mid-tibiae have two apical spurs, and its claws have an inner tooth. The marginal cell of the forewing apically acuminate, and apendiculate. The forewing also has two to three submarginal cells and two recurrent veins. The abdomen is sessile or has a petiole made up of the sternum and tergum.^[2]

Classification

Classification of Ampulicidae follows the Catalog of Sphecidae by Wojciech J. Pulawski, California Academy of Sciences:^[3]

Ampulicinae

Ampulicini
- Ampulex – 132 species, found worldwide
- Trirogma – 7 species from Asia

Dolichurinae

Aphelotomini
- Aphelotoma – 8 species from Australia
- Riekefella – 1 species from Australia
Dolichurini
- Dolichurus – 50 species, found worldwide
- Paradolichurus – 4 species from the New World

References

^ Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press.
^ "Ampulicidae". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
^ Pulawski, Wojciech. "Catalog of Sphecidae: Family group names and classification" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 January 2020.