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The Algeria–Libya border is 989 km (615 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Tunisia in the north to the tripoint with Niger in the south.^[1]

History

France occupied much of the northern coastal areas of Algeria in the period 1830–47, which had hitherto been subject to the nominal control of the Ottoman Empire.^[2] For most of the 19th century the coastal region of modern Libya (organised as the Vilayet of Tripolitania) was part of the Ottoman Empire, though with a large degree of de facto autonomy.^[3]^[2] In September 1911 Italy invaded Tripolitania, and the Treaty of Ouchy was signed the following year by which the Ottomans formally ceded sovereignty of the area over to Italy.^[4]^[5]^[2] The Italians organised the newly conquered regions into the colonies of Italian Cyrenaica and Italian Tripolitania and gradually began pushing further south; in 1934 they united the two territories as Italian Libya.^[6]^[2]

France and Italy signed a treaty on 12 September 1919 which delimited a boundary between Algeria and Libya.^[3]^[2] During the North African Campaign of the Second World War Italy was defeated and its African colonies were occupied by the Allied powers, with Libya split into British and French zones of occupation.^[3] Libya was later granted full independence on 2 December 1951.^[3] France, which had long been dissatisfied with aspects of the border, signed a treaty with Libya in 1955-6 which altered part of the border between Ghadames and Ghat, thereby enabling more effective administration.^[2]^[3] Following a war Algeria gained independence in 1962, and the border became one between two sovereign states.

Relations since independence have largely been cordial, though the border remains generally insecure due to the impact of terrorism and spill-over from the Libyan Civil War.^[7]^[8]

Settlements near the border

Algeria

Libya

Ghadames
Al Birkah
Ghat

References

^ CIA World Factbook – Algeria, retrieved 22 January 2020
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Brownlie, Ian (1979). African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia. Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co. pp. 26–43.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e International Boundary Study No. 1 – Algeria-Libya Boundary (PDF), 28 April 1961, retrieved 27 January 2020
^ Treaty of Peace Between Italy and Turkey The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 7, No. 1, Supplement: Official Documents (Jan., 1913), pp. 58–62 doi:10.2307/2212446
^ "Treaty of Lausanne, October, 1912". Mount Holyoke College, Program in International Relations. Archived from the original on 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
^ "HISTORY OF LIBYA". HistoryWorld.
^ Keenan, Jeremy (7 July 2014). "Truth and Algerian involvement in Libya". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
^ Shabbi, Omar (21 May 2014). "Algeria considers Egypt alliance to confront Libyan terror threat". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.