Acts 19

Acts 19
Acts 18:27–19:6 on recto side in Papyrus 38, written about AD 250.
BookActs of the Apostles
CategoryChurch history
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part5

Acts 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records part of the third missionary journey of Paul, focussing on his time spent in Ephesus. The author of the book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke.[1]

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 41 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Locations

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Places mentioned in (blue) and related to (black) this chapter.

This chapter mentions the following places (in the order of appearance):

Timeline

Map of apostle Paul's third journey.

This part of the third missionary journey of Paul took place in ca. AD 53–55.[2]

Paul's ministry in Ephesus (verses 1–22)

This section covers Paul's long stay in Ephesus, lasting 3 years,[3] where he encountered "some disciples" of John the Baptist and confronted the influence of magic and occult in that city.[4]

Verse 1

And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding certain disciples,'[5]

The "upper coasts" (wording of the King James Version) or "upper regions" (New King James Version), are thought to have been inland areas to the east of Ephesus. The English Standard Version refers to "the inland country".[6] Henry Alford suggests that Paul travelled through "the eastern parts of Asia Minor, beyond the river Halys" (now the Kizilirmak River).[7]

Verse 4

Then Paul said, "John indeed baptized with a baptism of repentance, saying to the people that they should believe on Him who would come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus".[8]

"Believe on him" is the translation used by the King James Version and New King James Version. The more natural phrase "believe in him" is used by the New American Standard Bible.[9]

Verse 11

So remarkable were the miracles worked by God at Paul's hands ...[10]

Loveday Alexander notes that Luke's emphasis on God as the worker of miracles is not typical of his narrative: he sees it as important to appreciate that Paul's spiritual power does not come from himself but is a direct divine endorsement of his mission".[11] Methodist writer Joseph Benson suggests that as Paul stayed longer in Ephesus than elsewhere on his journeys, the miracles wrought through him would have stood out both in number and in wonder.[12]

Verse 14

Also there were seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, who did so (i.e. attempted to heal using the name of the Lord Jesus).[13]

Sceva (‹See Tfd›Greek: Σκευᾶς, translit. Skeuas) was a Jew called a "chief priest" (Greek: ιουδαιου αρχιερεως). Some scholars note that it was not uncommon for some members of the Zadokite clan to take on an unofficial high-priestly role, which may explain this moniker.[14] However, it is more likely that he was an itinerant exorcist based on the use of the Greek term (‹See Tfd›Greek: περιερχομένων, translit. perierchomenōn) "going from place to place" in Acts 19:13.[15]

In this verse, it is recorded that he had seven sons who attempted to exorcise a demon from a man in Ephesus by using the name of Jesus as an invocation. This practice is similar to the Jewish practice, originating in the Testament of Solomon, of invoking Angels to cast out demons.[15] Sorcery and exorcism are mentioned several times in Acts: Simon Magus and Elymas Bar-Jesus, and divination is illustrated by the girl at Philippi. "She was regarded as spirit-possessed, and it was the spirit who was addressed and expelled by Paul in Acts 16:16–18".[16]

Verse 15

And the evil spirit answered and said, “Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are you?”[17]

This evil spirit had heard of both Jesus and Paul, but not of the seven sons of Sceva, which soon received 'such a beating' from the spirit 'that they ran' (Acts 19:16); theologian Conrad Gempf argues that this shows that power over evil spirits does not work in a mechanical way in the name of Jesus, but because one knows Jesus and, more importantly, is known by him.[18]

Verse 19

Main article: Book burning at Ephesus
Also, many of those who had practiced magic brought their books together and burned them in the sight of all. And they counted up the value of them, and it totaled fifty thousand pieces of silver.[19]
  • "50,000 pieces of silver": or "50,000 drachmas" (1 drachma represents the average wage for a day) representing over 135 years' wages.[18]

Verse 21

When these things were accomplished, Paul purposed in the Spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, "After I have been there, I must also see Rome".[20]

Paul has already intended to have his trip to Jerusalem followed with a trip to Rome.[18]

The riot in Ephesus (verses 23–41)

The amount of money in the scroll-burning incident (verse 19) must have stirred many people, whose livelihood (that is dependent on the selling of religious objects) is threatened by the successful growth of the Christian church, and now is bolstering a serious opposition.[18]

Verse 23

And about that time there arose a great commotion about the Way.[21]

Reference to Christian belief as "the Way" was already made in Acts 9:2. "The expression "the way" had evidently become a well-known one among Christians".[22]

Verse 29

So the whole city was filled with confusion, and rushed into the theater with one accord, having seized Gaius and Aristarchus, Macedonians, Paul's travel companions.[23]
See also: Gaius (biblical figure)

Verse 33

And they drew Alexander out of the multitude, the Jews putting him forward. And Alexander motioned with his hand, and wanted to make his defense to the people.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  2. ^ Robinson, J. A. T. (1976), "Redating the New Testament", Westminster Press. 369 pages ISBN 978-1-57910-527-3
  3. ^ Paul's speech to the Ephesian elders, Acts 20:31: New King James Version
  4. ^ Gempf 1994, p. 1096.
  5. ^ Acts 19:1: King James Version
  6. ^ Acts 19:1: ESV
  7. ^ Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on Acts 19, accessed 24 May 2024
  8. ^ Acts 19:4: NKJV
  9. ^ Acts 19:4: NASB
  10. ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966): Acts 19:11
  11. ^ Alexander, L., 62. Acts, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 1052, accessed 25 May 2024
  12. ^ Benson, J., Benson Commentary on Acts 19, accessed 25 May 2024
  13. ^ Acts 19:14 NKJV
  14. ^ Jeremias, Joachim (1969), Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus: An Investigation Into Economic & Social Conditions During the New Testament Period, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, p. 193, ISBN 978-1-4514-1101-0, retrieved 2013-03-01
  15. ^ a b Arnold, Clinton (March 2012), "Sceva, Solomon, and Shamanism: The Jewish Roots of the Problem at Colossae" (PDF), Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 55 (1): 7–26, ISSN 0360-8808, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-22, retrieved 2013-03-01
  16. ^ Magic and Sorcery, Encyclopedia of the Bible, accessed 6 October 2015
  17. ^ Acts 19:15 NKJV
  18. ^ a b c d e Gempf 1994, p. 1097.
  19. ^ Acts 19:19: NKJV
  20. ^ Acts 19:21: NKJV
  21. ^ Acts 19:23: NKJV
  22. ^ Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on Acts 9, accessed 27 May 2024
  23. ^ Acts 19:29 NKJV
  24. ^ Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (2007). "70. Colossians". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1198. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  25. ^ Acts 19:33 NKJV
  26. ^ Coogan 2007, p. 351 New Testament.

Sources