60x60 is a collection of 60 electroacoustic or acousmatic works from 60 different composers/artists, each work 60 seconds or less in duration. 60x60 project showcases sixty new works, each sixty seconds or less, by sixty composers in a continuous sixty-minute concert, for a one-hour cross-section of contemporary music. The 60x60 project was conceived and developed by the new music consortium, Vox Novus and its founder, Robert Voisey.[1][2][3][4]
60x60 was designed to showcase the diversity of the contemporary music and has succeeded in presenting thousands of composers in hundreds of performances around the world since 2003.[5][6] The 60x60 project puts out a call for submissions[7][8] for recorded media 60 seconds or less in length (also known as signature works.)[9][10][11] 60 one-minute works are selected from the submissions. The 60 works are then ordered to create a one-hour music mix. The 60x60 mix is then synchronized with an analog clock where the beginning of each new minute brings the beginning of a new musical work by a different artist. The 60x60 mix is then presented in several venues throughout the world. Later in the performance season, 60x60 collaborates with artists of different disciplines to create multimedia performances with dance, video, and/or fine arts.
Performance, participants and purpose
The performance of 60x60 consists of the 60 works played over loudspeakers in succession without pause for 1 hour.[12] It is played in conjunction with a synchronized analog clock. Works less than 60 seconds are artistically placed within a minute time frame; the rest of the minute is filled with silence until the next minute begins.[13]
60x60's primary focus is to create an artistic representation of the electronic music being created in society today and to present that music to a large audience, "to represent diverse composers from all walks of life"[14] Each 60x60 performance mix contains a wide variety of musical styles and aesthetics. "Founder Robert Voisey said the 60-centric format – inspired by other intermission-free performances in New York – is designed to retain audiences' attention. And through "60x60," he hopes to expose newcomers to electronic music."[15]
A complete list of composers who participated in the 60x60 project can be found on the 60x60 website
The 60x60 project is more than just a single performance. It is a venue where a large community of composers and sound artists come together to present their music. Each year after the call for works a Radio Request Extravaganza is held. This is a radio show where any work submitted to the project may be requested for airplay. Afterwards, a selection panels finds 60 works for the 60x60 International mix for that year; when 60 composers of a particular region or style are found an alternate mix is created to represent them. When this happens the project presents the alternate mix as well as the international mix in its concert season. After the project has presented the audio mixes, usually presented with an analog clock, 60x60 collaborates with an artist in a different media. A second performance season is held promoting the multimedia collaboration. In conjunction to the performances of the project a CD is made each year to represent the submissions sent to the project.
60x60 has been presented in all forms of media throughout the world including Television, radio,[88] and Internet.
Multimedia collaboration
"Robert Voisey collected and culled 60 musical arrangements from many more submissions, all to inspire the performers and stimulate the audience." -Minute to Win It, Alison Sieloff[89]
60x60 Dance is a collaboration pairing the 60 audio works with 60 different dances.[96] Exactly like the audio performances, the 60 dances are performed continuously back to back for an hour synchronized with an analog clock. While the music of 60x60 Dance can be from any of the 60x60 mixes, the dancers and choreographers are pooled from the local area where the performance is being held. This creates a "grassroots" touring show which is community based utilizing the dancers from the immediate region. 60x60 Dance has had performances at churches, performance art spaces, art galleries, dance clubs, theaters, The Sheldon, and the World Financial Center Winter Garden Atrium[97] where it was described by The New York Times as a "masterpiece of organization"[98]
The first 60x60 Dance collaboration started in 2007 with a performance in Jan Hus Church and was directed with the choreographer Jeramy Zimmerman of in collaboration with Robert Voisey.[99]
In 2009, 60x60 Dance had its debuts in Ohio, Kansas City, St. Louis,[100] and Montreal.[101]
Choreographer Amiti Perry organized 60x60 Dance to Columbus, Ohio at the Wall Street dance club.[102] This was the first time 60x60 Dance was performed outside of New York City. Some of the artists included Columbus Movement Movement, (cm2 – pronounced "cm squared")[103]
In Kansas City, Kansas and St. Louis, Missouri, Amiti Perry and Erin Bomboy organized dancers and debuted 60x60 dance in those cities in conjunction with Robert Voisey at Vox Novus. In Kansas City 60x60 Dance was held the Electronic Music Midwest Festival and the St. Louis performance was held at the MadArt Art Gallery[104] in co-production with the New Music Circle. The Dance company MADCO supplied many of the choreographers for that performance.[105]
60x60 Dance also debuted in Toronto in 2010 at the Music Gallery. The 60 dances created by 60 choreographers was organized by Vivien Moore and co-produced by Tova Kardonne and Robert Voisey. The performance was hailed as "miraculous" and "thoroughly enjoyable" by Paula Citron.[124][125][126] In a year review of 2010 Paula Citron honored 60x60 with the Genre Fusion Award [127]
60x60 Dance returns for its second year in the Dance Festival at Dance Parade.[128] with Dance Coordinators Hettie Barnhill and Justine Linnehan Dance Parade is a yearly citywide dance parade and dance festival in New York city whose mission is to promote dance as an expressive and unifying art form by showcasing all forms of dance.[129] The 2011 performance of the 60x60 Dance will be specifically showcase aerial dance.
60x60 Dance returned to The Sheldon in St Louis for the third time to be part of the annual American Arts Experience with Dance Coordinator Hettie Barnhill[130][131][132] "It's the perfect mixture of improv and structure with the marriage of movement and music," Barnhill said.[130]
60x60 Dance has been performed annually at Slippery Rock University since 2011.[133][134][135][136][137] Organized by Andy Haspenpflug[138] he comments, "60x60" is more than just a collection of short works played in succession, each work is a different piece, but they are put together by artists to create a macro composition for audiences to enjoy." He also comments in greater explanation, "One of the things I like best about it is it gives people a chance to really express themselves," said Hasenpflug. "They don't have to stick to one genre or a way of doing things that we say. They can essentially do whatever they want although I really try to harp on the fact that it has to be their best quality."[133]Victoria Homschek, a senior dual major in dance and theatre from Aliquippa who performed at 60x60 Dance describes the performance, "I like to tell people to come and ride the wave of the show, ... There are going to be some pieces that are funny, or sad, or you have no idea what's going on, but that's all the fun of it, just seeing all of our creative minds put together."[134]
For 2015 60x60 Dance created a special Anniversary Mix to celebrate the 15th year of Vox Novus. This mix was presented for a return performance to the Winter Garden at Brookfield Place and premiered in Texas at A&M University.[140] 60x60 Dance also continued a yearly collaborations at Slippery Rock [141][142] and Concordia University in Montreal.[143]
60x60 Video is an hour of video which is synchronized to the audio mixes of 60x60. 60x60 Video has collaborated with video artists, experimental filmmakers, and VJ's to pair the 60 different audio compositions with video.
In 2012 Zlatko Cosic, Patrick Liddell, and Sabrina Pena Young returned to collaborate with 60x60 to take 20 minutes each of the 60x60 (2012) presenters mix and create video in a joined effort.
Sabrina Pena Young created video to the first Athena mix that she herself was the audio coordinator for and debuted.
In 2010, PiSSOFFART presented for the Sanguine mix, "DAiLY CUT's" created by Pedro Pinheiro using 60 days of his video captures from casual locations at Barcelona (Spain) and Marraquech (Marocco). The video promoter was Daniel Dominguez Teruel and the screening premiere was at B-Movie Hamburg (Germany).
Patrick Liddell returns to 60x60[154] to create video for 7 different 2010 mixes of the 60x60 project: the UnTwelve mix, Burgundy Mix, Crimson Mix, Magenta Mix, Sanguine mix, Scarlet mix, and the Vermillion mix.[155] Liddell's collaboration with 60x60 has been screened at Bellingham's Minifest,[36][155] and the 2010 Outsound New Music Summit[156][157] where Jason Victor Serinus Special to The Examiner said, "Expect it to stretch whatever boundaries you may not have thought you had."[158]
Also Gene Gort (media artist) and Ken Steen (composer/sound artist) New Media New Music New England created What If? 60x60x60 a video an online collaboration that randomly pairs 60 second audio works to 60 second videos.[159]What if? 60x60x60 is a spin-off multimedia project inspired by the 60x60 project.
In 2009 The 60x60 project collaborated with Patrick Liddel to create the one-hour video.
The video collaboration between Zlatko Cosic and 60x60 has been performed and screened all over the world[29][160][161] and has been described as "an exemplary job of forming a sonic tapestry comprised of extremely diverse material by extremely diverse composers. Sensitive video accompaniment by Zlatko Cosic also helped organize the concert into a more coherent whole."[162] The video performances have taken many forms from traditional screenings at Alternative Film & Video Festival, XMV at Collective: Unconscious, to dynamic VJ performances where video was mixed live at Electronic Music Midwest Festival, Webster University, St. Louis[163] and St. Louis Community College at Forest Park, St. Louis[164] to a large video installation projected on the dance building at the Spark Festival[165] to French TV on Elektra[166]
In 2005, Shimpei Takeda, a Japanese photographer and experimental videographer collaborated with 60x60[167][168]
60x60 began its video collaborations in 2004 with experimental filmmaker Nick Zedd[169][170] which was performed in a series at One Arm Red and also had a screening in a New York City dance club called, The Lobby.
60x60 Images
60x60 Images is a 60x60 multimedia collaboration based on fine art works that are 60 centimeters in length and 60 centimeters in width and then paired with a 60-second audio work in an art installation or performance. the project first started in Teatro Nuovo Giovanni in Udine, Italy with an idea by Vittorio Vella, and Francesca Agostinelli[171] and Taukay Edizioni Musicali[172] The project has since be reproduced in Mexico and in Cincinnati, Ohio.[173][174][175]
Radio Request Extravaganza
In the beginning of each 60x60 concert season, the project holds a Radio Request Extravaganza. This is an all request radio show where composers and their fans call into the hosting radio station request works that have been submitted to the 60x60 project that year. Different new music radio programs and radio stations host the Extravaganza. In the past the 60x60 Radio Request Extravaganza has been hosted on Relevant Tones hosted by Seth Boustead on WFMT in Chicago,[176]Afternoon New Music on WKCR New York, New York; Martian Gardens Radio Show on WMUA Amherst, Massachusetts;[177]Kalvos & Damian New Music Bazaar on WGDR Plainfield, Vermont;[178] Foldover, on WOBC-FM Oberlin, Ohio; and Sculpted Word on WBAR in New York, New York.[179]
For the 10th Annual 60x60, Jim Cross on What's Next? on WGDR hosted a 10-hour marathon of the 60x60 Radio Requset Extravaganza[180]
Alternate Mixes
The project uses grassroots ideology to grow and promote its mission to expose electroacoustic music.[181] When the project receives more than 60 compositions of a particular theme or from a particular region, the project creates a themed mix to be represent that subsection of its submissions.[182] The project has created many different mixes besides its main "International Mix" which is a representative selection of the entire submissions made to the project for that year. Alternate Mixes created by the 60x60 project include: the Athena Mix,[183] the Canada Mix,[184][185][186][187][188][189] the UnTwelve Mix, the Presenters Mix,[47][190][191][192][193][194] the Pacific Rim Mix,[195][196][197]
Midwest Minutes Mix,[198][199][200]
New York Minutes Mix,[201]
UK Mix,[202] Munich Mix,[203] Environmental Mix,[204][205][206] the Order of Magnitude Mix[207][208] (a special 10-hour installation mix of 60x60 containing 600 one-minute works, each by a different composer, and was named the Most Composers Programmed In A Single Show by The Universal Record Database[209]), the 60x60 Surround Sound Mix utilizing 5.1 Surround Sound[210] and the 2010 ICMC RED Mixes.
360 degrees of 60x60
360 degrees of 60x60 was a special project of 60x60 created specifically for the International Computer Music Conference at Stony Brook University in 2010.[211][212] ICMC 2010 was dubbed the "RED" edition as an acronym for research, education, and discovery and the 60x60 mixes were named shades of red to commemorate it.[213] The "RED" Mixes are a special 60x60 project containing 6 different mixes with 360 different one-minute audio pieces by different composers. Each of the 6 different 1 hour 60x60 mixes are named a shade of red titling the mix: including the Burgundy Mix,[214][215] Crimson Mix, Magenta Mix, Sanguine Mix, Scarlet Mix, and the Vermilion Mix.[216] The 60x60 "RED" mixes have received close to 100 performances in around the world. Patrick Liddell created video for all 6 hours of 360 degrees of 60x60.
Athena Mix
The Athena mix was created in 2011 and it contains works only from women composers.[65] The mix was named after the Athena Festival and was "macro-composed" by Sabrina Peña Young The first all women 60x60 mix contained the notable composers: Eve Beglarian, Joan Labarbara, Annea Lockwood, Pauline Oliveros, Maggi Payne, Alice Shields, Daria Semegen, and Laurie Spiegel.
"The 60×60 Athena Mix accomplishes much in its showcase of talented women from a global perspective. The 60×60 Athena Mix is a creative way to celebrate International Women's Day, a day set aside to celebrate the accomplishments and achievement of women around the world."[217]
The 60x60 Canada mix contains works from composers from and currently living in Canada. The 60x60 Canada mix started in 2008 with Eldad Tsabary as the macro-composer/music coordinator and co-producer. Two Canadian mixes were created in 2008: a concert version[221] which was premiered at Concordia University as part of the ÉuCuE performance series[221] and a "SONUS Gallery" mix that was published in the CEC's (Canadian Electroacoustic Community) electronic journal of electroacoustics, eContact![222]
The 60x60 (2011) Canada Mix was presented at the 5th Toronto Electroacoustic Symposium (TES) a co-presentation of the Canadian Electroacoustic Community (CEC) and New Adventures in Sound Art (NAISA).[223]
Environmental Mix
The 60x60 (2012) Environmental mix is the first 60x60 mix to include work entirely with the theme of nature and the environment both rural and urban.
Composers from over a dozen countries are represented, and pieces including everything from field recordings from unique locations to sounds from outer space, from insect and animal sounds (yes, birds and bees, and also various pets) to urban noises, to expressions of the feelings people have for the places they inhabit, to many aquatic sounds, will be heard. This mix received its premiere in California March 2012 as part of the project's decade celebration.[205][206]
Robert Voisey is the audio coordinator for the 60x60 (2012) Environmental Mix.[224]
The UnTwelve Mix
The 60x60 Untwelve Mix contains 60 second audio works with tonal systems that go beyond the traditional tonality in Western music and twelve tone music. Started in 2010 in collaboration with UnTwelve, the UnTwelve mix captures the work of composers in the same format as the classic 60x60 concert, however, the emphasis is on pieces whose pitch content is of interest in that it goes beyond the bounds of the traditional 12-tone equal tempered system.[225]Aaron Krister Johnson is the "macro-composer" or music coordinator of the 60x60 UnTwelve Mix and co-produced the mix with Robert Voisey at Vox Novus.[226] was The UnTwelve mix had a proto-premiere in Istanbul, Turkey, on April 14, and the official premiere was April 27, 2010, at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago.[40] It has since had performances in Kansas City, Missouri (July 23, 2010), Charlestown, Massachusetts (June 9, 2010) and is slated to have a performance at Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA, on October 7, 2010, and a Chicago repeat performance on October 20, 2010, with video art by Patrick Liddell. The 60x60 UnTwelve Mix also has had several performances in Boston at Mobius, "Signs of Our 60 Times 60 II"[227][228]
The 5.1 Surround Sound Mix
60x60 in collaboration with Harvestworks, curator Hans Tammen created the first 60x60 mix utilizing 5.1 Surround Sound premiered at the Harvestworks studios in New York City. Receiving 160 submissions the 60x60 Surround Sound Mix exemplifies the variety possible with the 5.1 speaker [229] configuration, "this exhibit is about multichannel sound, we chose a few works that are exemplary in terms of spatialization of sounds, while most others employ these means in a more subtle way. Everything you can do beyond stereo with 5.1 channels is there: 5.1, 5.0, 4.1 and 4.0. There is even a 3.1 work, it does spatialization solely with the center and rear speakers." -Curator Hans Tammen[230]
Wave Farm Mix
In 2014Vox Novus and Wave Farm collaborated to put out a call for works to create the Wave Farm mix.[231][232] This mix was broadcast several times on Wave Farm's WGXC 90.7-FM,[233] available for download,[234] and featured in a series of listening events.[235]
Macro vs Micro
Micro
60x60 is a collection of miniatures or "signature" works from 60 different composers/sound artists. Each work is 60 seconds (or less) in length and are sequenced in order to fit neatly within each minute of the hour; each new minute is a different piece from a different artist.
60x60 ensures that no individual piece of music lasts too long--you'd be hard pressed to find someone who couldn't sit through one minute of music that didn't appeal to them.[236]
60x60 creates a unique challenge for the composer/sound artist to express themselves in the concise time frame of one minute. Besides that one restriction, artists are free and specifically encouraged to express themselves in any way that they wish.
Voisey states, "A minute can be plenty of time to express a whole gamut of imaginative sounds and movements, or it can be a challenge, forcing the artist to isolate what is most important in his/her work."[237]
Macro
60x60 is much more than a collection of short works played one after another. The entire hour of 60 on-minute works is specifically curated or composed as a one-hour-long "macro-composition" containing the 60 works. All 60x60 mixes are put together by artists to create an artistic hour for audiences to enjoy.
60×60 involves macro-composition, which Voisey describes as, "the act of creating a musical work incorporating several fully formed ideas or complete works." And just as "ballet, operas, and movies are all perfect examples of many artists contributing to a greater artistic whole orchestrated by the 'macro-artist'," [238]
As the creator and leader of 60x60, Robert Voisey has created and "macro-composed" the most mixes and is responsible for the "main" annual 60x60 International mix since 2003. He has put together several other 60x60 mixes including: Pacific Rim mixes, Midwest mixes, 2006 New York Minutes Mix, Munich Mix, Electronic Music Midwest Mix, Evolution Mixes, the UK Mix, the Burgundy Mix, the Magenta Mix, the Sanguine Mix and the Scarlet Mix.
Several other composers have put together different mixes. Eldad Tsabary has been responsible for putting together the Canadian Mixes as well as the Vermillion mix and the Order of Magnitude Mix. Aaron Krister Johnson was responsible for the UnTwelve Mix and the Crimson Mix. Sabina Pena Young was responsible for putting together the Athena mix. Robert Ratcliffe for the Presenters Mix. Melissa Grey for the 2012 New York Minutes Mix. James Finnerty for the 2012 Canadian Mix. Thomas Gerwin for the 2012 Voice Mix.
Past, present and future
There is a history of electroacoustic "shorts." In 1982, Elliott Sharp created an album of shorts called "State of the Union" to accompany an issue of Zone Magazine.[239] In the mid-1980s when the Association pour la création et recherches en électroacoustique de Québec (Acreq) launched an annual competition for "Electroclips", most pieces being between one and three minutes in duration. In the late 1980s, Jean-François Denis and Claude Schryer of Montreal, commissioned 25 three-minute pieces for the "25 instantanés électroacoustiques", Électro Clips, published by empreinted DIGITALes in 1990, IMED 9004. In 1998, Larry Polansky created "The Frog Peak Collaborations Project" a double album of shorts based on an audio sound file from Chris Mann.[239]
In the tradition of projects before it 60x60 has inspired several electroacoustic miniature projects such as David Morneau's 60x365, where he blogged a 60-second composition once every day for a year.[240][241][242]
And the miniature form continues in many other projects such as Jon Nelson's 50/50 project.[243][244]
History
2016
60x60 Dance collaboration with the Departments of Contemporary Dance, Music and Theatre - Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Mix by Eldad Tsabary and Travis West.
60x60 Dance collaboration with the Departments of Contemporary Dance, Music and Theatre - Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Mix by Eldad Tsabary.
2014
60x60 Dance Toronto in Enwave Theater for NextSteps in Toronto Canada [250]
60x60 Surround Sound Mix - first 60x60 mix utilizing 5.1 surround sound at Harvestworks in New York City
60x60 Dance collaboration with the Departments of Contemporary Dance, Music and Theatre - Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Mix by James Finnerty and Eldad Tsabary.
2013
60x60 Dance performance in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
60x60 Dance collaboration with the Departments of Contemporary Dance, Music and Theatre - Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Mix by Eldad Tsabary.
60x60 Radio Request Extravaganza on WGDR 91.1 with Jim Cross
10th call for works celebrating a decade of contemporary composition
60x60 Video Collaboration with Sabrina Pena Young [256]
60x60 premiers in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;[257] Lawton, Oklahoma;
2011
60x60 Dance collaboration with Hettie Barnhill at the Sheldon Concert Hall for the American Arts Experience in St Louis, Missouri presented by Vox Novus and HEARDing Cats Collective sponsored by the Fox Performing Arts Charitable Foundation
60x60 Dance collaboration at Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania[258]
60x60 Dance collaboration with Justine Linnehan and Hettie Barnhill
Creation of the 60x60 (Athena Mix)
60x60 premiers in Singapore;[259] San Diego, California; Camden, New Jersey; Cincinnati, Ohio; Huddersfield, United Kingdom; Teatro Español, Argentina; Humburg, Germany
2010
A record setting 60x60 Dance and multimedia performance at the FOFA gallery of Concordia University in Montreal during the Congress 2010 event. The 10-hour-long show set a world record for most composers (600) programmed in a single show[260]
60x60 Dance performance at the Music Gallery in Toronto, Ontario, Canada[125][150] Awarded the Genre Fusion Award from Paula Citron[127]
60x60 Dance collaboration with Andy Hasenpflug and Slippery Rock University
60x60 Dance (Order of Magnitude Mix) – Montreal, Quebec Canada
60x60 Dance Collaboration with Stephanie Bernard
60x60 Dance collaboration with Caterina Bartha and Erin Bomboy
60x60 Dance Collaboration with Linda Pehrson and Composer Concordance
60x60 Premieres in Miami, Florida; Goodwell, Oklahoma; Green Bay, Wisconsin; Lancaster, United Kingdom; Carrboro, North Carolina; São Paulo, Brazil; Stanford, California; Berlin, Germany; Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania; Fylkingen, Stockholm, Sweden; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Muncie, Indiana; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Taipei, Taiwan; Wellington, New Zealand; Hadley, Massachusetts; Lodève, France; Wolverhampton, England; Murray, Kentucky; Sedbergh, United Kingdom; Providence, Rhode Island; Maribor, Slovenia; Latina, Italy; Udine, Italy; Leipzig, Germany, Hartford, Connecticut; San Luis Potosí, México; Essen, Germany; Ibaraki, Japan; Tokyo, Japan
60x60 (2007/2008) Pacific Rim Mix debuted in Wellington, New Zealand[88][276][277]
60x60 Premieres in Belgrade, Serbia; México; Nova Scotia, Canada; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; New Zealand; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Oxford, England; Strasbourg, France
Multimedia Collaboration with experimental photographer and videographer Shimpei Takeda premiered at Collective: Unconscious in New York City, New York
60x60 premiered in Klosterneuburg, Austria; West Hartford, Connecticut; London, United Kingdom; Lille, France; Kansas City, Kansas; Romeo, Illinois; Presque Isle, Maine; and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
60x60 (2003) CD Release on Capstone Records
First 60x60 video screening in Weisman Museum
2004
Pacific Rim Mix created – including the works from artists living in the Pacific Rim premiered in Los Angeles, California
Radio Request Extravaganza, on Sculpted Word Radio Show, WBAR New York, New York
May 13, 2004 – First performance of 60x60 in a dance club – New York City
Collaboration with underground film maker Nick Zedd premiered at One Arm Red, in Brooklyn, New York[285]
60x60 premiered in Los Angeles, California; St. Louis, Missouri; Birmingham, Alabama; Cedar City, Utah; and Istanbul, Turkey.
2003
Project inception & world premiere of the project in New York City – November 3, 2003[286]
60x60 Order of Magnitude Mix was named Most Composers Programmed In A Single Show by The Universal Record Database for containing 600 one-minute works, each by a different composer[292]
60x60 Dance - Toronto - Genre Fusion Award - 2010 [293]
60x60 (2004–2005) CD - Second Place for Experimental Album - Just Plain Folks Awards[294]
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In options trading, a bear spread is a bearish, vertical spread options strategy that can be used when the options trader is moderately bearish on the underlying security. Because of put–call parity, a bear spread can be constructed using either put options or call options. If constructed using calls, it is a bear call spread (alternatively call credit spread). If constructed using puts, it is a bear put spread (alternatively put debit spread). Bear call spread A bear call spread is a limit...
حصان طروادة MEMZ يعمل على Samsung N130 مثبت عليه Windows XP. أحد الحمولات الرئيسية للبرنامج ، وهو تأثير نفق الشاشة يذكرنا بـ ميمز هو برمجية خبيثة أنشأ لنظام مايكروسوفت ويندوز.[1][2][3][4][5] لهذه البرمجية الخبيثة حمولة عبقرية ومعقدة. تتضمن الهجمة التلاعب بمؤشر الفأرة بح...
American politician (1873–1950) For other people with the same name, see James Pearson (disambiguation). James Pearson14th Lieutenant Governor of NebraskaIn officeJanuary 1915 – January 1917GovernorJohn H. MoreheadPreceded bySamuel Roy McKelvieSucceeded byEdgar Howard Personal detailsBorn1873Pana, IllinoisDiedApril 16, 1950 (aged 76)Shenandoah, IowaSpouse(s)Emma L. Clouse (1st wife)date of death 1918 Nancy Robbins Albin (divorced)EllenChildrenLuella Dollie Pearson (Ledbetter/Zeig...
1957 Play by Arnold Wesker This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Kitchen play – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1961 Jonathan Cape edition The Kitchen is a 1957 play by Arnold Wesker. It was Wesker's first work and is his ...
This is the list of Sports venues in Dubai, UAE. Basketball Basketball Hub Dubai Badminton Hamdan Sports Complex Al Nasr Badminton Court XSA Badminton Training Center Professional Sports Academy SIMBR Sports Dubai Sports World Cosmos Badminton Academy Golf Dubai Desert Golf Classic Emirates Golf Club Dubai Creek Golf & Yacht Club Nad Al Sheba Club The Montgomerie The Dunes being planned DWC Golf city (u/c) Dubai Golf City (u/c) Trump Golf estate (u/c) Multi purpose stadiums DSC Multi-Pur...
Bupati Polewali MandarBadge Kabupaten Polewali MandarPetahanaMuhammad Ilham BorahimaPenjabatsejak 9 Januari 2024KediamanKantor Bupati Polewali MandarMasa jabatan5 TahunDibentuk1950Pejabat pertamaAndi Hasan ManggaSitus webwww.polmankab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar Bupati Polewali Mandar yang menjabat sejak pembentukannya pada tahun 1960 dengan nama Polewali Mamasa hingga berubah nama menjadi Polewali Mandar pada 2002. Bupati Polewali Mamasa No. Potret Bupati Mulai menjabat Akhir menjab...
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang taman bumi. Untuk kawasan, lihat Ciletuh (kawasan) dan Palabuhanratu (kawasan) Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu (disambiguasi). Taman Bumi Global UNESCO Ciletuh-PalabuhanratuIUCN Kategori II (Taman Nasional)LetakKabupaten SukabumiProvinsi Jawa BaratIndonesiaKota terdekatKota Pelabuhan RatuKoordinat6°59′16″S 106°32′38″E / 6.98778°S 106.54389°E / -6.98778; 106.54389Koordinat: 6°59′16″S 106°32′38″E...
Pertempuran YserBagian dari Pertempuran menuju laut pada Blok Barat Perang Dunia IPeta kekuatan menuju laut.Tanggal16 - 31 Oktober 1914LokasiSungai Yser, BelgiaHasil Kemenangan Franco-BelgiaPihak terlibat Belgia Prancis Kekaisaran JermanTokoh dan pemimpin Albert I (Belgia) Albrecht, Duke WürttembergKekuatan Belgia: 4 divisi infantri, 2 divisi cadanganPrancis: 1 divisi infantri, 2 Resimen Marinir 6 Korps (12 divisi)Korban Belgia: 40,000 Prancis: 15,000 tak diketahui lbsPerlombaan menuju Laut...
La pista di atletica leggera è il luogo in cui si svolgono le gare di corsa (corse di velocità, di mezzofondo, di fondo, con gli ostacoli, con le siepi e staffette) e marcia dell'atletica leggera. La distanza metrica di una pista olimpica è derivata dalle 440 iarde (402,34 m), che costituiscono la quarta parte del miglio inglese. Fu appunto il quarter mile la distanza scelta dagli inglesi come lunghezza standard per le loro piste di atletica. Dal 1928 in poi le piste olimpiche sono diventa...