2 Chronicles 27

2 Chronicles 27
The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1st and 2nd Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE).
BookBooks of Chronicles
CategoryKetuvim
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part14

2 Chronicles 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible.[1][2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.[3] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia (2 Chronicles 10 to 36).[1] The focus of this chapter is the reign of Jotham, king of Judah.[4]

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 9 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5][a], and Codex Leningradensis (1008).[5]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).[7][b]

Old Testament references

Jotham, king of Judah (27:1–9)

Jotham receives positive judgment for his reign (cf. 2 Kings 15), repeating the praise for Uzziah (2 Chronicles 25:2) with the addition of 'only he did not invade the temple of the LORD' (verse 2), and therefore was rewarded threefold (verses. 3–6):

  • (1) He was able to build various kinds of fortresses in Judah, as well as the upper gate of the Temple and the wall of Ophel.
  • (2) He defeated the Ammonites.
  • (3) He got an extremely high tribute from the Ammonites for the period of three years.[4][12] Because of Jotham's good behavior towards God, Rezin and Pekah could not threaten Judah during Jotham's reign.[4]

Verse 1

Jotham was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jerushah the daughter of Zadok.[13]
  • Cross references: 2 Kings 15:33; 2 Chronicles 27:8
  • "16 years": according to Thiele's chronology, Jotham started to reign at the age of 25 in co-regency with his father, Uzziah (57 years old), around April 750 BCE, and became a sole king between September 740 BCE and September 739 BCE, after Uzziah's death (68 years old).[14] Jotham transferred the throne to his son, Ahaz, around September 735 BCE to conclude his reign for a total of 16 years.[14] However, Jotham seems to hold some state functions until April 731 BCE, while Ahaz officially was on the throne, resulting a phrase "in the 20th year of Jothan") in the synchronization with the reign of Hosea in the kingdom of Israel (verse 30), despite the official count of 16 years of Jotham's reign.[14] Jotham died between September 732 BCE and September 732 BCE.[14] A royal bulla (seal) with the inscription: "Belonging to Ahaz (son of) Yehotam (=Jotham), King of Judah" was discovered and authenticated.[15]
  • "Jerushah": written as "Jerusha" in 15:33.[16]

Verse 5

He fought also with the king of the Ammonites, and prevailed against them. And the children of Ammon gave him the same year an hundred talents of silver, and ten thousand measures of wheat, and ten thousand of barley. So much did the children of Ammon pay unto him, both the second year, and the third.[17]
  • "100 talents": About 3¾ tons, or 3.4 metric tons.[18] A talent was about 75 pounds or 34 kilograms.[19] The term "talent" is used to translate the Hebrew word כִּכַּר (kikkar, meaning "circle") generally referring to "something that is round", or a 'disk-shaped weight made of the metal" and, by extension, to a standard unit of weight.[20]
  • "Measures" from Hebrew kor or cor, each was about 6 bushels or 220 liters.[21]

See also

  • Related Bible parts: 2 Kings 15, 2 Chronicles 26

    • Notes

    1. ^ Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing 2 Chronicles 26:19–35:7.[6]
    2. ^ The whole book of 2 Chronicles is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[8][9][10]

    References

    1. ^ a b Ackroyd 1993, p. 113.
    2. ^ Mathys 2007, p. 268.
    3. ^ Ackroyd 1993, pp. 113–114.
    4. ^ a b c Mathys 2007, p. 300.
    5. ^ a b Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
    6. ^ P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
    7. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
    8. ^ Würthwein, Ernst (1988). Der Text des Alten Testaments (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 85. ISBN 3-438-06006-X.
    9. ^ Swete, Henry Barclay (1902). An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. pp. 129–130.
    10. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
    11. ^ 2 Chronicles 27 Berean Study Bible. Biblehub
    12. ^ Coogan 2007, p. 653 Hebrew Bible.
    13. ^ 2 Chronicles 27:1 ESV
    14. ^ a b c d McFall 1991, no. 47.
    15. ^ First Impression Archived 2017-09-22 at the Wayback Machine: Deutsch, Robert. What We Learn from King Ahaz’s Seal. Archaeological Center.
    16. ^ Note on 2 Chronicles 27:1 in NKJV
    17. ^ 2 Chronicles 27:5 KJV
    18. ^ Note [a] on 2 Chronicles 27:5 in MEV
    19. ^ Note [a] on 2 Chronicles 27:5 in ESV
    20. ^ Note [b] on 2 Chronicles 27:5 in NET Bible
    21. ^ Note [b] on 2 Chronicles 27:5 in ESV

    Sources