23rd Panzer Division

23rd Panzer Division
23. Panzer-Division
Unit insignia
Active1942–1945
Country Germany
BranchArmy
TypePanzer
RoleArmoured warfare
SizeDivision
Garrison/HQWehrkreis V: Ludwigsburg
Engagements

The 23rd Panzer Division (English: 23rd Tank Division) was an armoured division in the German Army during World War II. Formed in France in late 1941, the division spent its entire combat history on the Eastern Front.

History

The 23rd Panzer Division was established on the 21st of September 1941 in France. It was built around the 101st Panzer Brigade and two infantry regiments and initially equipped with "booty tanks" which were soon after exchanged for German tanks.[1]

In March 1942, the division went to the Eastern Front near Kharkov as a subdivision of the German Sixth Army. It was to remain within the Army Group South for the major part of its service.[2] The division took part in the German advance to the Caucasus, but was subsequently sent north to Stalingrad. It escaped encirclement when the 6th Army was trapped there, and took part in the subsequent failed relief attempt. At the end of its first year on the Eastern Front the 23rd Panzer Division had lost 90 percent of its tanks.[3]

On 20 November 1943, 23rd Panzer Division possessed 27 tanks, of which 16 were operational.[4]

The 23rd Panzer Division was part of the German defence and retreat in the southern Ukraine, frequently being moved between crisis points. Between April and July 1944 it was a part of the 8th Army within the Army Group South Ukraine defending the area to the north of Jassy.[5][3]

After being sent to Poland in mid-1944, the division returned to the southern sector during the collapse of the German frontline in Romania. After the retreat into Hungary the division fought in defensive battles there. The majority of the division was trapped and destroyed in Székesfehérvár in March 1945. The remainder of the division surrendered to British forces in May 1945.[6]

Commanders

The commanders of the division:[7]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Mitcham, p. 168
  2. ^ 23. Panzer-Division, balsi.de (in German)
  3. ^ a b Mitcham, p. 169
  4. ^ Kroener, Bernhard R. (1999). ""Menschenbewirtschaftung", Bevölkerungsverteilung und personelle Rüstung in der zweiten Kriegshälfte (1942-1944)". In Kroener, Bernhard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (eds.). Organisation und Mobilisierung des Deutschen Machtbereichs: Kriegsverwaltung, Wirtschaft und personelle Ressourcen, 1942–1944/45. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (in German). Vol. 5/2. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. pp. 777–1001, here: 954. ISBN 3421064997.
  5. ^ The Combat History of the 23rd Panzer Division in World War II, by Ernst Rebentisch, p. 492
  6. ^ Mitcham, p. 170
  7. ^ Mitcham, p. 171–173

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