The following lists events that happened during 2023 in South America.

• President: Alberto Fernández (until 10 December), Javier Milei (from 10 December)
• Vice President: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (until 10 December), Victoria Villarruel (from 10 December)

Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Islas Malvinas, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

• President: Luis Arce
• Vice President: David Choquehuanca

• President: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2023 – present)
• Vice President: Geraldo Alckmin (2023 – present)

• President: Gabriel Boric (since 2022)
• President of the Senate: Álvaro Elizalde (since 2022)
• President of the Chamber of Deputies: Raúl Soto (since 2022)

Chile includes the Juan Fernández Islands and Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. It also claims Chilean Antarctic Territory.

Alcalde: Pedro Edmunds Paoa

Alcalde: Felipe Paredes Vergara

• President: Gustavo Petro
• Vice President: Francia Márquez

• President: Guillermo Lasso (since 2021)
• Vice President: Alfredo Borrero (since 2021)

• President: Irfaan Ali (since 2020)
• Prime Minister: Mark Phillips (since 2020)

The Essequibo territory is administered by Guyana but claimed by Venezuela. Tigri Area is disputed with Suriname.

• President: Mario Abdo Benítez
• Vice President: Hugo Velázquez Moreno

• President: Dina Boluarte
• Prime Minister: Alberto Otárola (from 21 December)

• President: Chan Santokhi (since 2020)
• Vice President: Ronnie Brunswijk (since 2020)

Tigri Area is disputed with Guyana.

• President: Luis Lacalle Pou
• Vice President: Beatriz Argimón

• President: Nicolás Maduro
• Vice President: Delcy Rodríguez

Venezuela claims Guayana Esequiba as part of its territory.

• Monarch: Charles III (since 2022)

• Governor: Alison Blake (since 2022)

The Falkland Islands are also claimed by Argentina, which calls them Islas Malvinas (Malvinas Islands).

• Commissioner: Alison Blake (since 2022)

• President: Emmanuel Macron (since 2017)
• Prime Minister: Élisabeth Borne (since 2022)
• Prefect: Thierry Queffelec

• January - Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva becomes the president of Brazil and a few days after this, there are many anti-Luiz protests. Luiz vows to punish the protesters^[1]
• 5 February — 2023 Ecuadorian constitutional referendum^[2][3]
• 23 April – 2023 Paraguayan general election^[4]
• 1 May - Avianca Airways Cesna crashes in some forest in Colombia. The pilot and another passenger are killed. A mother and her children survive but the mother dies later. The children are found in the jungle many days later. This is known as the 2023 Colombia Cessna 206 crash.
• 14 October – An annular solar eclipse will be visible in the Western U.S., Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Brazil and will be the 44th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 134.^[5]
• 29 October – 2023 Argentine general election^[6][7]