2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom

2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom
← 1999 10 June 2004 2009 →
All 78 of the United Kingdom's seats
in the European Parliament
Turnout38.5%[1] Increase14.5%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Jonathan Evans Gary Titley Roger Knapman
Party Conservative Labour UKIP
Alliance EPP PES IND/DEM
Leader since 14 December 2001 2002 5 October 2002
Leader's seat Wales North East England South West England
Last election 36 seats, 33.5% 29 seats, 26.3% 3 seats, 6.5%
Seats before 35‡ 25‡ 2‡
Seats won 27 19 12
Seat change Decrease8* Decrease6* Increase10*
Popular vote 4,397,087 3,718,683 2,650,768
Percentage 25.9% 21.9% 15.6%
Swing Decrease7.6% Decrease4.4% Increase9.1%
  Fourth party Fifth party
 
Green
Leader Graham Watson N/A[a]
Party Liberal Democrats Green
Alliance ALDE European Green Party
Leader since January 2002 N/A
Leader's seat South West England N/A
Last election 10 seats, 11.9% 2 seats, 5.3%
Seats before 10‡ 2
Seats won 12 2
Seat change Increase2* Steady
Popular vote 2,452,327 948,588
Percentage 14.4% 5.6
Swing Increase2.6% Increase0.3%
Colours denote the winning party, as shown in the results tables *Seat change has been adjusted to allow for direct comparison with the results from the 1999 election.[2]

‡Notional 1999 results
Leader of Largest Party before election

Michael Howard
Conservative

Subsequent Leader of Largest Party

Michael Howard
Conservative

Part of a series of articles on
UK membership
of the European Union
(1973–2020)
Accession
1975 referendum
Treaty amendments
Single European Act, 1986 (UK ratification)
Maastricht Treaty, 1992 (UK ratification)
Treaty of Amsterdam, 1997 (UK ratification)
Treaty of Nice, 2001 (UK ratification)
Treaty of Lisbon, 2007 (UK ratification)
MEPs for UK constituencies
Members 1973–1979 (elected by parliament)
Members 1979–1984 (1979 election)
Members 1984–1989 (1984 election)
Members 1989–1994 (1989 election)
Members 1994–1999 (1994 election)
Members 1999–2004 (1999 election)
Members 2004–2009 (2004 election)
Members 2009–2014 (2009 election)
Members 2014–2019 (2014 election)
Members 2019–2020 (2019 election)
Officials and bodies
Issues and events
Withdrawal

The 2004 European Parliament election was the United Kingdom's part of the wider 2004 European Parliament election which was held between 10 and 13 June 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union. The United Kingdom's part of this election was held on Thursday 10 June 2004. The election also coincided with the 2004 local elections and the London Assembly and mayoral elections. In total, 78 Members of the European Parliament were elected from the United Kingdom using proportional representation.

The Conservative Party and the Labour Party both polled poorly. The Conservatives experienced their second-lowest ever recorded vote share in a national election (even less than their 1832 nadir, although the party would do worse still in the 2014 and 2019 elections), and Labour their lowest since 1918. The UK Independence Party (UKIP) saw a large increase in support, increasing its number of MEPs from 3 to 12 and on popular vote pushed the Liberal Democrats, who themselves had increased their representation from 10 to 12 seats into fourth place. In Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin beat the SDLP in the polls and took its first Northern Ireland seat.

Background

Electoral system

The United Kingdom elected 78 Members of the European Parliament using proportional representation. The United Kingdom was divided into twelve multi-member constituencies. The eleven of these regions which form Great Britain used a closed-list party list system method of proportional representation, calculated using the D'Hondt method. Northern Ireland used the Single Transferable Vote (STV). As a consequence of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union, the number of seats allocated to the United Kingdom was fewer than in 1999.

It was the first European election to be held in the United Kingdom using postal-only voting in four areas: the North East, North West, Yorkshire and the Humber, and East Midlands regions.[3]

Regional seat allocations

A combination of the effects of the Treaty of Nice and the 2004 enlargement of the European Union meant that the number of seats allocated to the United Kingdom for the 2004 election was reduced from the 87 MEPs allocated for the 1999 election to 78 MEPs.[4][5]

As a result of the successful challenge of Matthews v United Kingdom before the European Court of Human Rights in 1999[6] residents of Gibraltar, voted in the European Parliament election for the first time, as part of the South West England region.[7]

Changes in regional seat allocations[8]
Constituency Representation
in 1999		 Representation
in 2004		 Net Gain/Loss
East Midlands 6 6 Steady
East of England 8 7 Decrease1
London 10 9 Decrease1
North East England 4 3 Decrease1
North West England 10 9 Decrease1
Northern Ireland 3 3 Steady
Scotland 8 7 Decrease1
South East England 11 10 Decrease1
South West England1 7 7 Steady
Wales 5 4 Decrease1
West Midlands 8 7 Decrease1
Yorkshire and the Humber 7 6 Decrease1
Overall 87 78 Decrease9

1 Includes Gibraltar, the only British overseas territory which was part of the EU.

Results

Partial map, showing most popular party by counting area in Great Britain only.

Turnout for all the regions was 38.2% on an electorate of 44,157,267[9] (43,084,598 in Great Britain and 1,072,669 in Northern Ireland).[10] The Conservatives and Labour both polled poorly. The Conservatives, although getting a vote share 4.1% greater than Labour, experienced their lowest vote share in a national election since 1832. Labour's vote share was its lowest since 1918. Labour's decline in votes was regarded as being largely due to widespread public dissatisfaction about the Iraq War and (as with the Conservatives) the increased popularity of UK Independence Party (UKIP). UKIP saw a large increase in support, increasing its number of MEPs from 3 to 12, drawing level with the Liberal Democrats, who themselves had increased their representation from 10 to 12 seats. UKIP polled higher than the Liberal Democrats to push the latter into fourth place.

Turnout was lowest in Scotland, which did not hold local elections on the same day. In Scotland, Labour topped the poll, followed by the Scottish National Party (SNP). The Conservatives' share of the vote declined by 2 per cent, making it the region with the smallest swing against them.[8]

Wales was the only region were Labour increased its share of the vote compared to 1999. The Conservatives managed to make gains pushing Plaid Cymru into third and whose share of the vote fell by 12 percentage points relative to 1999. Similarly UKIP narrowly beat the Liberal Democrats into fourth place. Wales was the region where the Green Party polled their lowest share of the vote.[8]

United Kingdom

Party Votes won % of vote Loss/Gain Seats Loss/Gain† % of seats
Conservative 4,397,090 25.9 -7.6 27 -8 34.6
Labour 3,718,683 21.9 -4.4 19 -6 24.4
UKIP 2,650,768 15.6 +9.1 12 +10 15.4
Liberal Democrats 2,452,327 14.4 +2.6 12 +2 15.4
Green 948,588 5.6 +0.3 2 0 2.6
BNP 808,201 4.8 +3.8 0 0 0
Respect 252,216 1.5 New 0 0 0
SNP 231,505 1.4 -1.2 2 0 2.6
DUP 175,761 1.0 -0.8 1 0 1.3
Plaid Cymru 159,888 0.9 -0.8 1 0 1.3
Sinn Féin 144,541 0.9 -0.3 1 +1 1.3
English Democrat 130,056 0.8 New 0 0 0
Liberal 96,325 0.6 -0.3 0 0 0
Independent - Martin Bell 93,028 0.6 New 0 0 0
UUP 91,164 0.5 -0.6 1 0 1.3
SDLP 87,559 0.5 -1.3 0 -1 0
Scottish Green 79,695 0.5 -0.1 0 0 0
Scottish Socialist 61,356 0.4 New 0 0 0
CPA 56,771 0.3 New 0 0 0
Senior Citizens 42,861 0.3 New 0 0 0
Countryside 42,107 0.2 New 0 0 0
Independent - Herron 39,658 0.2 New 0 0 0
Independent - Gilliland 36,270 0.2 New 0 0 0
Pensioners 33,501 0.2 New 0 0 0
Christian Vote 21,056 0.1 New 0 0 0
ProLife Alliance 20,393 0.1 New 0 0 0
Forward Wales 17,280 0.1 New 0 0 0
Independent - Ellis 14,762 0.1 New 0 0 0
People's Party for Better Government 13,776 0.1 New 0 0 0
Peace 12,572 0.1 New 0 0 0
Socialist Environmental 9,172 0.1 New 0 0 0
Common Good 8,650 0.1 New 0 0 0
Independent - Neal 8,318 0.0 New 0 0 0
Scottish Wind Watch 7,255 0.0 New 0 0 0
Christian Democratic Party 6,821 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Rhodes 5,671 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Naisbitt 5,137 0.0 New 0 0 0
Green (NI) 4,810 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Tait 3,624 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Rogers 2,615 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Shadmyraine 847 0.0 New 0 0 0
Total 16,443,397 — — 78 — —
All parties listed.

†Loss/gain figures for seats are losses/gains versus the 1999 notional result, as the number of MEPs overall fell.

Great Britain

Summary of the election results for Great Britain[2]

Party Votes won % of vote Loss/Gain Seats Loss/Gain† % of seats
Conservative 4,397,090 26.7 -9.0 27 -8 36.0
Labour 3,718,683 22.6 -5.4 19 -6 25.3
UKIP 2,650,768 16.1 +9.2 12 +10 16.0
Liberal Democrats 2,452,327 14.9 +2.3 12 +2 16.0
Green 948,588 5.8 +0.1 2 0 2.7
BNP 808,201 4.9 +3.9 0 0 0
Respect 252,216 1.5 New 0 0 0
SNP 231,505 1.4 -1.3 2 0 2.7
Plaid Cymru 159,888 1.0 -0.9 1 0 1.3
English Democrat 130,056 0.8 New 0 0 0
Liberal 96,325 0.6 -0.3 0 0 0
Independent - Martin Bell 93,028 0.6 New 0 0 0
Scottish Green 79,695 0.5 -0.1 0 0 0
Scottish Socialist 61,356 0.4 New 0 0 0
CPA 56,771 0.3 New 0 0 0
Senior Citizens 42,861 0.3 New 0 0 0
Countryside 42,107 0.3 New 0 0 0
Independent - Herron 39,658 0.2 New 0 0 0
Pensioners 33,501 0.2 New 0 0 0
Christian Vote 21,056 0.1 New 0 0 0
ProLife Alliance 20,393 0.1 New 0 0 0
Forward Wales 17,280 0.1 New 0 0 0
Independent - Herron 14,762 0.1 New 0 0 0
People's Party for Better Government 13,776 0.1 New 0 0 0
Peace 12,572 0.1 New 0 0 0
Common Good 8,650 0.1 New 0 0 0
Independent - Neal 8,318 0.1 New 0 0 0
Scottish Wind Watch 7,255 0.0 New 0 0 0
Christian Democratic Party 6,821 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Rhodes 5,671 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Naisbitt 5,137 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Tait 3,624 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Rogers 2,615 0.0 New 0 0 0
Independent - Shadmyraine 847 0.0 New 0 0 0
Total 16,443,397 — — 75 — —
All parties listed.

†Loss/gain figures for seats are losses/gains versus the 1999 notional result, as the number of MEPs overall fell.

Gibraltar

Main article: 2004 European Parliament election in Gibraltar

Gibraltar participated in the United Kingdom's election for the first time in 2004 as part of the South West England constituency. Gibraltar is a British overseas territory (BOT) and therefore is under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom but does not form part of it.[11] Gibraltar was however part of the EU, the only BOT to be so included. Following however, the result of the successful challenge of Matthews v United Kingdom before the European Court of Human Rights in 1999[6] residents of Gibraltar were given the right to vote in the European Parliament elections. The British government decided not to give Gibraltar its own seat due to its small electorate of just over 20,000 which would have meant with just one seat Gibraltar would have been over-represented by about 30 times the average.[7]

None of the main Gibraltar political parties contested the election, so voters chose from United Kingdom party lists. However, Lyana Armstrong-Emery of Gibraltar's Reform Party had a place on a joint list with the Green Party. In addition both the leader of the Conservative Party, Michael Howard, and his deputy, Michael Ancram, campaigned in Gibraltar.[12]

Turnout in Gibraltar was 57.5%, higher than the 37.6% for the South West England electoral region as a whole.[13] The Conservative Party polled over two-thirds of the Gibraltar vote, with no other party exceeding 10% support.

Northern Ireland

Turnout in Northern Ireland was 51.2%.[14] Sinn Féin beat the SDLP in the polls and took its first Northern Ireland seat. Sinn Féin also won a seat in the corresponding elections in the Republic of Ireland.[15] Sinn Féin and the DUP increased their shares of the vote relative to the 1999 European Parliament elections, while the shares for both the SDLP and the UUP fell.[8] This was also the final election in which a Unionist candidate topped the poll in Northern Ireland.[16] Jim Allister of the DUP and Bairbre de Brún of Sinn Féin were elected in the first round while Jim Nicholson of the UUP was elected in the third stage, after the votes of the other candidates were reallocated.[8]

Summary of the election results for Northern Ireland[17]

Party Candidate(s) Seats Loss/Gain First Preference Votes
Number % of vote
DUP Jim Allister 1 Steady 175,761 31.9
Sinn Féin Bairbre de Brún 1 Increase 1 144,541 26.3
UUP Jim Nicholson 1 Steady 91,164 16.6
SDLP Martin Morgan 0 Decrease 1 87,559 15.9
Independent John Gilliland 0 Steady 36,270 6.6
Socialist Environmental Eamonn McCann 0 Steady 9,172 1.6
Green (NI) Lindsay Whitcroft 0 Steady 4,810 0.9
Total 549,277
Turnout 51.2%[14]

MEPs defeated

Labour

Conservative

Plaid Cymru

Aftermath

Both Tony Blair and Michael Howard faced criticism for their results with then Secretary of State for Health John Reid calling the results "disappointing" for Labour and "disastrous" for the Conservatives.[21]

Shortly after the election UKIP's Robert Kilroy-Silk, who was credited with raising the profile of the party during the election, was interviewed by Channel 4 television about leadership ambitions, Kilroy-Silk did not deny having ambitions to lead the party, but stressed that Roger Knapman would lead it into the next general election.[citation needed] However, the next day, on Breakfast with Frost, he criticised Knapman's leadership.[22] After further disagreement with the leadership, Kilroy-Silk resigned the UKIP whip in the European Parliament on 27 October 2004.[23] Initially, he remained a member, while seeking a bid for the party leadership.[24] However, this was not successful and he resigned completely from UKIP on 20 January 2005, calling it a "joke".[25] Two weeks later, he founded his own party, Veritas, taking a number of UKIP members, including both of the London Assembly members, with him.[26]

UKIP formed a new European Parliament Group, Independence/Democracy which was co-chaired by Nigel Farage and Hanne Dahl.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ At the time of the election the party had principal speakers rather than leaders.

References

  1. ^ "Previous European Parliamentary Elections – About Parliament". European Parliament. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  2. ^ a b "European Election: United Kingdom Result". BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  3. ^ Research Paper 04/50 European Parliament elections 2004, House of Commons Library, 23 June 2004
  4. ^ "Treaty of Nice: The other institutions and bodies of the Union". Europa. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  5. ^ "Changes in the distribution of seats in the European Parliament". Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l'Europe. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  6. ^ a b "ECHR Portal HTML View". 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 16 May 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Court upholds Rock voting rights". BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  8. ^ a b c d e Research Paper 04/50 European Parliament elections 2004, House of Commons Library, 23 June 2004, p. 8
  9. ^ Fisher, Stephen; Smith, Shawna (2005). "United Kingdom". European Journal of Political Research. 44 (7–8): 1211–1220. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00286.x. ISSN 0304-4130.
  10. ^ Mellows-Facer, Adam; Cracknell, Richard; Yonwin, Jessica (23 June 2004). "European Parliament elections 2004" (PDF). House of Commons Library: 11-25. Retrieved 11 October 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ "UK Overseas Territories - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk.
  12. ^ Wilkinson, Isambard (18 May 2004). "The Tories won't let you down, Howard tells Gibraltar". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
  13. ^ Reyes, Brian (8 June 2009). "Landslide for Tories Disappointment for Labour". Gibraltar Chronicle. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-08. ()
  14. ^ a b "European Election: Northern Ireland Result". BBC News. 14 June 2004. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  15. ^ "Vote further polarises Ulster politics". The Guardian. 15 June 2004. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  16. ^ "DUP's worst ever Euro poll result". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  17. ^ "The 2004 European Election". www.ark.ac.uk.
  18. ^ "Democracy Live Brian Simpson MEP". BBC. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  19. ^ "MEP profiles - Jacqueline Foster". European Parliament. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  20. ^ "Conservative MEPs salute Lord Bethell on his retirement as an MEP & welcome his successor, Ian Twinn". Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
  21. ^ "Leaders meet MPs over EU results". BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  22. ^ "Kilroy-Silk wants UKIP leadership", Daily Telegraph, 3 October 2004
  23. ^ "Kilroy quits UKIP group of MEPs". BBC News. 27 October 2004.
  24. ^ Tempest, Matthew (7 October 2004). "Kilroy resigns Ukip whip". The Guardian.
  25. ^ "Kilroy-Silk quits shameful UKIP". BBC News. 21 January 2005.
  26. ^ "UKIP on the London Assembly? What Farage and the Politics Show didn't say…". MayorWatch. 23 March 2011.

Manifestos and documents

Read other articles:

Stéphane Bern

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bern (homonymie). Stéphane Bern Stéphane Bern en 2012 lors du mariage de Guillaume de Luxembourg et de Stéphanie de Lannoy. Date de naissance 14 novembre 1963 (60 ans) Lieu de naissance Lyon (France) Nationalité Française Luxembourgeoise Langue Français Émissions Comment ça va bien !Secrets d'histoireConcours Eurovision de la chansonVisites privéesHistoriquement vôtre Radio Europe 1 (1992-1997, 2020-)France Inter (2000-2011)RTL (2011-2020...

 

العلاقات الإستونية الليبيرية

العلاقات الإستونية الليبيرية إستونيا ليبيريا   إستونيا   ليبيريا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الإستونية الليبيرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إستونيا وليبيريا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ال...

 

Chernihiv Voivodeship

Czernihów VoivodeshipWojewództwo czernihowskiePalatinatus CzernihoviensisVoivodeship of Poland1635–1654 coat of arms Chernihiv Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthCapitalCzernihówHistory • Established 1635• Disestablished 1654 Political subdivisionscounties: 2 Preceded by Succeeded by Grand Duchy of Lithuania Cossack Hetmanate Czernihów (Chernihiv) Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo czernihowskie) was a unit of administrative division and local governme...

Hans Koschnick

Hans Koschnick Hans Koschnick (2 April 1929 – 21 April 2016) adalah seorang politikus Jerman (SPD) dan tetua negarawan. Ia menjadi Presiden Senat ke-4 dan Wali kota Kota Hanseatik Bebas Bremen dari 1967 sampai 1985, Presiden Bundesrat ke-22 dan ke-33 pada 1970/71 dan 1981/82, dan setelah itu menjabat sebagai anggota Bundestag, parlemen federal Jerman, dari 1987 sampai 1998. Antara 1994 dan 1996, Koschnick menjadi administrator UE di Mostar.[1] Ia meninggal pada 21 April 2016. Refere...

 

Liberal Party of Canada leadership elections

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Liberal Party of Canada leadership elections – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The first three leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada were not chosen at a leadership convention. A...

 

Планета с кратной орбитой

Художественное изображение газового гиганта в двойной системе PSR B1620-26, которая состоит из нейтронной звезды и белого карлика и находится в шаровом скоплении M4. Планета с кратной орбитой — экзопланета, которая обращается не вокруг одиночной звезды (как, например, Земл�...

Sinophone

Person who speaks at least one variety of Sinitic languages For the extinct mammal genus, see Sinophoneus.Not to be confused with Sinophobe or Sinophile. Map of the Chinese-speaking world.   Countries and regions with a native Chinese-speaking majority   Countries and regions where Chinese is not native but an official or educational language   Countries with significant Chinese-speaking minorities Sinophone, which means Chinese-speaking, typically refers to an i...

 

Harry Hammond Hess

Harry Hammond Hess Harry Hammond Hess (New York, 24 maggio 1906 – Woods Hole, 25 agosto 1969) è stato un geologo e ammiraglio statunitense, giudicato uno dei padri della teoria della tettonica a zolle. Indice 1 Biografia 2 L'espansione dei fondali oceanici 3 Opere 4 Note 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Laureato nel 1927 in geologia all'Università Yale, dopo essersi iscritto inizialmente (1923) in ingegneria elettrica nella stessa università, lavorò come geologo in Rhod...

 

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

Trippin' (Total song)

1998 single by Total featuring Missy ElliottTrippin'Single by Total featuring Missy Elliottfrom the album Kima, Keisha, and Pam ReleasedOctober 17, 1998 (1998-10-17)Recorded1998GenreElectro-R&BLength4:26LabelBad BoyAristaSongwriter(s)Melissa ElliottDarryl PearsonTim MosleySean Puffy CombsMario WinansKeisha SpiveyJakima RaynorProducer(s)Missy ElliottDarryl PearsonTimbalandPuff DaddyMario WinansTotal singles chronology What You Want (1997) Trippin' (1998) Sitting Home (19...

 

Totes Gebirge

Mountain range in Austria You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (November 2016) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated t...

 

Niterói

Niterói Municipio BanderaEscudo Otros nombres: Cidade Sorriso, Nikiti. NiteróiLocalización de Niterói en Brasil Ubicación de Niterói en Río de JaneiroCoordenadas 22°53′00″S 43°06′13″O / -22.883333333333, -43.103611111111Entidad Municipio • País  Brasil • Estado  Río de JaneiroAlcalde Rodrigo Neves (PT)Eventos históricos   • Fundación 22 de noviembre de 1573 • Erección 1819Superficie   • Total 129.38 k...

Harvard Crimson softball

Harvard Crimson softballFounded1981UniversityHarvard UniversityHead coachJenny Rohn (1st season)ConferenceIvy LeagueLocationCambridge, MAHome stadiumSoldiers FieldNicknameCrimsonColorsCrimson, white, and black[1]     NCAA Tournament appearances1998, 2000, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2018, 2019, 2023Conference Tournament championships2023Regular Season Conference championships1998, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2023, 2024 The Harvard Crim...

 

دراسات الإنترنت

هذه مقالة غير مراجعة. ينبغي أن يزال هذا القالب بعد أن يراجعها محرر؛ إذا لزم الأمر فيجب أن توسم المقالة بقوالب الصيانة المناسبة. يمكن أيضاً تقديم طلب لمراجعة المقالة في الصفحة المخصصة لذلك. (يوليو 2018) تحتوي هذه المقالة أبحاثًا أصيلةً، وهذا مُخَالفٌ لسياسات الموسوعة. فضلاً، أ...

 

Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939

As a result of the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, hundreds of thousands of Polish soldiers became prisoners of war. Many of them were executed; 22,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the Katyn massacre alone.[1][2] Soviet invasion of Poland Further information: Soviet invasion of Poland Polish prisoners of war captured by the Red Army during the Soviet invasion of Poland Polish policemen and civilians captured by the Red Army after the Soviet invasion ...

Isabella I of Castile

Queen of Castile and León from 1474 to 1504 Isabella I redirects here. For other uses, see Isabella I (disambiguation). Isabel la Católica redirects here. For the Mexico City Metro station, see Isabel la Católica metro station. Isabella ICatholic Queen of the Spains[a]Servant of GodAnonymous portrait c. 1490Queen of Castile and LeónReign11 December 1474 – 26 November 1504Coronation13 December 1474[1]PredecessorHenry IVSuccessorJoannaCo-monarchFerdinand V (from 1475...

 

محمد خزناجي

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) حاكم ايالة الجزائر الـ 24 من الدايات محمد خزناجي حاكم ايالة الجزائر الـ 24 من الدايات فترة الحكم22 ماس 1815 - 7 �...

 

هيئة النزاهة الاتحادية

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (أكتوبر 2022) هيئة النزاهة الاتحادية تفاصيل الوكالة الحكومية المركز بغداد  الإدارة موقع ...

Teori komunikasi

proses terjadinya komunikasi Teori komunikasi adalah satu pandangan dan strategi yang akan membentuk alat dan rangka kerja untuk sesuatu perkara yang hendak dilaksanakan. Dalam proses komunikasi teori akan membina bentuk dan kaidah komunikasi yang hendak dibuat. Melalui penulisan ini pejelasan tentang beberapa teori komunikasi akan dibuat.[1] Terdapat dua aspek utama yang dilihat secara tidak langsung dalam bidang ini sebagai satu bidang pengkajian yang baru. Aspek pertama ialah perke...

 

Free On-line Dictionary of Computing

Online, searchable, encyclopedic dictionary of computing subjects Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (FOLDOC)Type of siteInternet encyclopedia projectAvailable inEnglishOwnerDenis HoweCreated byDenis Howe, many contributorsRevenueYesURLfoldoc.orgCommercialNoRegistrationNoneLaunched1985; 39 years ago (1985)Current statusActive The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (FOLDOC) is an online, searchable, encyclopedic dictionary of computing subjects.[1] ...