1987 World Rally Championship

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The 1987 World Rally Championship was the 15th season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC). The season consisted of 13 rallies in the same venues of the previous season. The only alteration to the schedule was the move of the Olympus Rally from December to June on the calendar.

1987 marked the beginning of a new era for the WRC, as it was the first season driven without the powerful and popular Group B rally cars, seeing the Group A cars come to the forefront of the world stage and the institution of championships not only for manufacturers and drivers, but also drivers of production and two-wheel drive cars. Group A would remain at the forefront of the championship for ten years, where a new specification, World Rally Car were made standard in 1997. The FIA also changed the basic scoring rules for manufacturers although they retained the policy of having two rallies not count toward manufacturers totals. New Zealand and the Ivory Coast were selected in 1987 to count solely for drivers' titles.

Martini Lancia proved most successful in adjusting to the new lower-powered cars, adopting the Lancia Delta HF 4WD, driven by Finns Juha Kankkunen and Markku Alén as well as Italian Miki Biasion. Between the three, Lancia would gather nine rally wins over the thirteen race season, dominating the manufacturers' race for the championship. Meanwhile, the three drivers split success between them, placing closely in the top three places for the drivers' title by the end of the season.

Audi Sport retained both Hannu Mikkola and Walter Röhrl, although they could not duplicate the success of their Group B seasons, both placing well down in the drivers' title competition. Audi however did gain some points from others team running the Quattro. Clarion Team Europe with driver Per Eklund contributed 26 points to the work's effort while Mig Linz's entry, Georg Fischer added another eight, bolstering Audi's bid for second overall.

The Philips Renault Elf team struggled through the season with the Group A Renault 11 Turbo. French drivers Jean Ragnotti and François Chatriot were unable to gain much success, with the highlight of their season coming at Portugal with Ragnotti's second-place finish.

Volkswagen Motorsport followed their success of the previous season with Swede Kenneth Eriksson, the 1986 winner of the championship for drivers of Group A cars. Eriksson was able to place fourth overall on the season, beaten only by Lancia drivers. Volkswagen, lacking a major second driver, was surpassed by not only Lancia, but Audi and Renault as well in the manufacturer standings.

Ford Motor Company made its return to serious competition by enlisting drivers Ari Vatanen and Stig Blomqvist, but struggled early on with the Sierra XR 4x4. The car was dropped, its replacement on the works team coming in the end of the season in the form of the redesigned Sierra RS Cosworth, which met with much greater success, challenging the dominant Lancias in the final three events of the season.

Teams and drivers

Team Manufacturer Car Tyre Drivers Rounds
Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD P Finland Juha Kankkunen 1–3, 6–7, 10, 13
Italy Miki Biasion 1, 3, 5–7, 9, 12
France Bruno Saby 1, 5, 12–13
Finland Markku Alén 2–3, 6–7, 10, 12–13
Sweden Mikael Ericsson 2, 13
Kenya Vic Preston Jr 4
France Yves Loubet 5
Argentina Jorge Recalde 9
Japan Mazda Rally Team Europe Mazda 323 4WD M Finland Timo Salonen 1–3, 10, 13
Sweden Ingvar Carlsson 1–3, 9–10
Finland Mikael Sundström 2, 10, 13
Finland Harri Toivonen 2, 10
New Zealand Rod Millen 7
United States Jon Woodner 7
New Zealand Neil Allport 8
Belgium Pascal Gaban 12
France Philips Renault Elf
France Renault Sport Elf 		Renault 11 Turbo M France Jean Ragnotti 1, 3, 5–6, 12
France François Chatriot 1, 3, 5–6, 12
France Alain Oreille 1, 5
Portugal Manuel Breyner 3
Portugal Inverno Amaral 3
Portugal Bento Amaral 3
Germany Audi Sport Audi 200 Quattro
80 Quattro
Coupé Quattro 		M Germany Walter Röhrl 1, 4, 6
Finland Hannu Mikkola 4, 6, 10
Sweden Lars-Erik Torph 2
Sweden Per Eklund 2, 9, 10, 13
Sweden Göran Åndberg 2
Austria Rudi Stohl 3–4, 6, 11–12
Argentina Jorge Recalde 6
Italy Paolo Alessandrini 6
United States John Buffum 7
United Kingdom David Llewellin 12–13
United Kingdom Ford Motor Co Ltd Ford Sierra XR 4x4
Sierra RS Cosworth 		P Sweden Stig Blomqvist 1–2, 4–5, 8, 10, 13
Sweden Kalle Grundel 1–2, 5
France Didier Auriol 1, 5, 12
Spain Carlos Sainz 3, 5, 13
Portugal Joaquim Santos 3
Kenya John Hellier 4
Finland Ari Vatanen 10
United Kingdom Jimmy McRae 12–13
United Kingdom Mark Lovell 13
United Kingdom George Donaldson 13
Germany Volkswagen Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V P Sweden Kenneth Eriksson 1–6, 8–9, 11, 13
Germany Erwin Weber 1, 3–4, 6, 9, 11
Finland Teemu Tahko 10
Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Subaru RX Turbo D Sweden Per Eklund 1, 4
Germany Harald Demuth 1
Finland Ari Vatanen 4
New Zealand Peter 'Possum' Bourne 4, 8, 13
Kenya Frank Tundo 4
Chile José Celsi 9
France Mercedes France Mercedes 190E 2.3 16V M France Bernard Darniche 1, 5
France Dany Snobeck 1
Italy Jolly Club Lancia Delta HF 4WD P Italy Vittorio Caneva 1–3, 6, 12
Italy Alex Fiorio 1–3, 6–7, 10, 12
Italy Giorgio Schön 1
Sweden Mikael Ericsson 6, 12
Greece Giannis Vardinogiannis 6
Argentina Jorge Recalde 9
Italy Gianfranco Cunico 12
Italy Alex Fassina 12
Italy Pierangela Riva 12
United Kingdom GM Euro Sport Opel
Vauxhall 		Kadett GSI 16V
Astra GTE 		M Sweden Mats Jonsson 2, 10, 13
Sweden Björn Johansson 2
Sweden Håkan Eriksson 2
United Kingdom David Metcalfe 2, 13
Finland Rauno Aaltonen 4
France Guy Fréquelin 5, 12
Austria Sepp Haider 10, 12–13
United Kingdom Derek Bell 13
United Kingdom Malcolm Wilson 13
United Kingdom Andrew Wood 13
Finland Pentti Airikkala 13
Japan Mitsubishi Ralliart Europe Mitsubishi Starion Turbo M Germany Robert Koch 2
New Zealand David Offier 8
Finland Lasse Lampi 10
Finland Antero Laine 10
France Patrick Tauziac 11
Japan Toyota Team Europe Toyota Supra 3.0i
Supra Turbo 		P Sweden Björn Waldegård 4, 7, 11
Sweden Lars-Erik Torph 4, 7, 11
Kenya Robin Ulyate 4, 11
Japan Nissan Motorsports International Nissan 200SX D Kenya Shekhar Mehta 4, 6–7, 11
Italy Andrea Zanussi 4, 6
Kenya Mike Kirkland 4, 6, 11
Kenya Jayant Shah 4
Greece Stratis Hatzipanayiotou 6
Sweden Mikael Ericsson 7
Sweden Per Eklund 7
New Zealand Paddy Davidson 8
France Alain Ambrosino 11
France Rothmans Motul BMW BMW M3 M France Bernard Béguin 5
Belgium Marc Duez 5
France Patrick Bernardini 5
Italy Grifone Esso Lancia Delta HF 4WD P Italy Paolo Alessandriani 7, 12
Italy Fabrizio Tabaton 12
Austria Funkberaterring Rally Team Lancia Delta HF 4WD M Austria Franz Wittmann 8

Schedule and results

1987 World Rally Championship schedule and results
Round Rally name Stages Podium finishers
Rank Driver Co-driver Team Car Time
1 Monaco Rallye Monte Carlo
(17 January–22 January) 		26 stages
571 km
Tarmac 		1 Italy Miki Biasion Italy Tiziano Siviero Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:39.50
2 Finland Juha Kankkunen Finland Juha Piironen Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:40.49
3 West Germany Walter Röhrl West Germany Christian Geistdörfer West Germany Audi Sport Audi 200 Quattro 7:44.00
2 Sweden Swedish Rally
(13 February–14 February) 		26 stages
400 km
Snow/Ice 		1 Finland Timo Salonen Finland Seppo Harjanne Japan Mazda Rally Team Europe Mazda 323 4WD 4:11.00
2 Sweden Mikael Ericsson Sweden Claes Billstam Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 4:11.23
3 Finland Juha Kankkunen Finland Juha Piironen Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 4:12.46
3 Portugal Rallye de Portugal
(11 March–14 March) 		37 stages
597 km
Gravel/Tarmac 		1 Finland Markku Alén Finland Ilkka Kivimäki Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:09.39
2 France Jean Ragnotti France Pierre Thimonier France Renault Sport Elf Renault 11 Turbo 7:12.32
3 Sweden Kenneth Eriksson West Germany Peter Diekmann West Germany Volkswagen Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V 7:14.37
4 Kenya Safari Rally
(16 April–20 April) 		83 controls
4011 km
Gravel 		1 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz West Germany Audi Sport Audi 200 Quattro 3:39.44
2 West Germany Walter Röhrl West Germany Christian Geistdörfer West Germany Audi Sport Audi 200 Quattro 3:56.59
3 Sweden Lars-Erik Torph Sweden Benny Melander Japan Toyota Team Europe Toyota Supra 3.0i 4:31.09
5 France Tour de Corse
(7 May–9 May) 		24 stages
619 km
Tarmac 		1 France Bernard Béguin France Jean-Jacques Lenne France Rothmans Motul BMW BMW M3 7:22.30
2 France Yves Loubet France Jean-Bernard Vieu Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:24.38
3 Italy Miki Biasion Italy Tiziano Siviero Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:24.58
6 Greece Acropolis Rally
(May 31–3) 		33 stages
538 km
Gravel 		1 Finland Markku Alén Finland Ilkka Kivimäki Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:25.57
2 Finland Juha Kankkunen Finland Juha Piironen Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:26.45
3 Finland Hannu Mikkola Sweden Arne Hertz West Germany Audi Sport Audi 200 Quattro 7:31.21
7 United States Olympus Rally
(26 June–29 June) 		42 stages
540 km
Gravel 		1 Finland Juha Kankkunen Finland Juha Piironen Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 5:59.24
2 Italy Miki Biasion Italy Tiziano Siviero Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 5:59.36
3 Finland Markku Alén Finland Ilkka Kivimäki Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 6:00.06
8 New Zealand Rally New Zealand[1]
(11 July–14 July) 		36 stages
593 km
Gravel 		1 Austria Franz Wittmann Austria Jörg Pattermann Austria Funkberaterring Rally Team Lancia Delta HF 4WD 6:56.00
2 Sweden Kenneth Eriksson West Germany Peter Diekmann West Germany Volkswagen Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V 6:56.47
3 New Zealand Possum Bourne New Zealand Michael Eggleton Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Subaru RX Turbo 7:04.25
9 Argentina Rally Argentina
(4 August–8 August) 		26 stages
596 km
Gravel 		1 Italy Miki Biasion Italy Tiziano Siviero Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:10.27
2 Argentina Jorge Recalde Argentina Jorge del Buono Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 7:11.28
3 West Germany Erwin Weber West Germany Matthias Feltz West Germany Volkswagen Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V 7:37.11
10 Finland 1000 Lakes Rally
(27 August–30 August) 		52 stages
494 km
Gravel 		1 Finland Markku Alén Finland Ilkka Kivimäki Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 5:12.22
2 Finland Ari Vatanen United Kingdom Terry Harryman United Kingdom Ford Motor Co Ltd Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 5:17.54
3 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Bruno Berglund United Kingdom Ford Motor Co Ltd Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 5:18.51
11 Ivory Coast Rallye Côte d'Ivoire[1]
(22 September–26 September) 		29 controls
3831 km
Gravel 		1 Sweden Kenneth Eriksson West Germany Peter Diekmann West Germany Volkswagen Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V +48.57 pen
2 Kenya Shekhar Mehta Kenya Rob Combes Japan Nissan Motorsports International Nissan 200SX +1:09.18 pen
3 West Germany Erwin Weber West Germany Matthias Feltz West Germany Volkswagen Motorsport Volkswagen Golf GTI 16V +2:05.56 pen
12 Italy Rallye Sanremo
(12 October–15 October) 		38 stages
529 km
Gravel/Tarmac 		1 Italy Miki Biasion Italy Tiziano Siviero Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 6:09.19
2 France Bruno Saby France Jean-François Fauchille Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 6:14.30
3 France Jean Ragnotti France Pierre Thimonier France Renault Sport Elf Renault 11 Turbo 6:16.55
13 United Kingdom RAC Rally
(22 November–25 November) 		47 stages
539 km
Gravel/Tarmac 		1 Finland Juha Kankkunen Finland Juha Piironen Italy Martini Lancia Lancia Delta HF 4WD 5:26.36
2 Sweden Stig Blomqvist Sweden Bruno Berglund United Kingdom Ford Motor Co Ltd Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 5:29.48
3 United Kingdom Jimmy McRae United Kingdom Ian Grindrod United Kingdom RED Ford Ford Sierra RS Cosworth 5:33.15

Championship for manufacturers

1987 World Rally Championship for Manufacturers
Rank Manufacturers Event Total
points
Monaco
MON 		Sweden
SWE 		Portugal
POR 		Kenya
KEN 		France
FRA 		Greece
GRC 		United States
USA 		Argentina
ARG 		Finland
FIN 		Italy
ITA 		United Kingdom
GBR
1 Italy Lancia 20 - 20 - - 20 20 20 20 20 - 140
2 West Germany Audi 14 6 8 20 - 14 - - 12 - 8 82
3 France Renault 8 - 17 - 12 10 - 10 - 14 - 71
4 West Germany Volkswagen 10 4 14 12 - 8 - 14 - - 2 64
5 United States Ford - 8 2 - 6 - - - 17 12 17 62
6 Japan Mazda 12 20 - - - - 12 - 8 - - 52
7 Japan Toyota - - - 14 - - 8 - - - - 22
8 West Germany BMW - - - - 20 - - - - - - 20
9 West Germany Opel - - - 2 - - - - - 8 6 16
10 Japan Subaru 1 - - 10 - - - - - - 1 12
11 Japan Nissan - - - 4 - 1 4 - - - - 9
12 Italy Fiat - - 1 - - - - 4 - - - 5
1987 World Rally Championship point awards for manufacturers
Points awarded by finish 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
20 17 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1

Championship for drivers

1987 World Rally Championship for Drivers
Rank Driver Event Total
points
Monaco
MON 		Sweden
SWE 		Portugal
POR 		Kenya
KEN 		France
FRA 		Greece
GRC 		United States
USA 		New Zealand
NZL 		Argentina
ARG 		Finland
FIN 		Ivory Coast
CIV 		Italy
ITA 		United Kingdom
GBR
1 Finland Juha Kankkunen 15 12 10 - - 15 20 - - 8 - - 20 100
2 Italy Miki Biasion 20 - 3 - 12 4 15 - 20 - - 20 - 94
3 Finland Markku Alén - 8 20 - - 20 12 - - 20 - - 8 88
4 Sweden Kenneth Eriksson 8 3 12 - - - - 15 10 - 20 - 2 70
5 France Jean Ragnotti 6 - 15 - 10 8 - - - - - 12 - 51
6 West Germany Erwin Weber 4 - - 10 - 6 - - 12 - 12 - - 44
7 Sweden Stig Blomqvist - 6 - - - - - - - 12 - - 15 33
8 Finland Hannu Mikkola - - - 20 - 12 - - - - - - - 32
9 Argentina Jorge Recalde - - 1 - - 10 4 - 16 - - - - 30
10 Sweden Mikael Ericsson - 15 - - - - - - - - - 3 10 28
11 West Germany Walter Röhrl 12 - - 15 - - - - - - - - - 27
12 Sweden Per Eklund 1 4 - 8 - - 2 - - 10 - - - 25
13 France François Chatriot 3 - 8 - 8 3 - - - - - - - 22
14 Finland Timo Salonen - 20 - - - - - - - - - - - 20
France Bernard Béguin - - - - 20 - - - - - - - - 20
Austria Franz Wittmann - - - - - - - 20 - - - - - 20
17 Sweden Ingvar Carlsson 10 10 - - - - - - - - - - - 20
18 Kenya Shekhar Mehta - - - - - - 3 - - - 15 - - 18
19 Finland Ari Vatanen - - - 1 - - - - - 15 - - - 16
20 France Yves Loubet - - - - 15 - - - - - - - - 15
France Bruno Saby - - - - - - - - - - - 15 - 15
22 France Didier Auriol - - - - 3 - - - - - - 10 - 13
23 Sweden Lars-Erik Torph - - - 12 - - - - - - - - - 12
New Zealand 'Possum' Bourne - - - - - - - 12 - - - - - 12
United Kingdom Jimmy McRae - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 12
26 New Zealand Rod Millen - - - - - - 10 - - - - - - 10
New Zealand Tony Teesdale - - - - - - - 10 - - - - - 10
France Patrick Tauziac - - - - - - - - - - 10 - - 10
29 Italy Paolo Alessandrini - - - - - - 8 - - - - 2 - 10
30 Austria Rudi Stohl - - 4 4 - 2 - - - - - - - 10
31 Australia David Officer - - - - - - - 8 - - - - - 8
Argentina Gabriel Raies - - - - - - - - 8 - - - - 8
France Patrick Copetti - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - 8
Italy Fabrizio Tabaton - - - - - - - - - - - 8 - 8
35 Spain Carlos Sainz - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 3 7
36 Austria Georg Fischer - - 6 - - - - - - - - - - 6
Kenya Robin Ulyate - - - 6 - - - - - - - - - 6
Belgium Marc Duez - - - - 6 - - - - - - - - 6
Sweden Björn Waldegård - - - - - - 6 - - - - - - 6
New Zealand Ken Adamson - - - - - - - 6 - - - - - 6
Brazil Paulo Lemos - - - - - - - - 6 - - - - 6
Sweden Thorbjörn Edling - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - 6
France Adolphe Choteau - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - 6
France Guy Fréquelin - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - 6
United Kingdom David Llewellin - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 6
46 New Zealand Stuart Weeber - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - 4
Brazil Jorge Fleck - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - 4
Finland Sebastian Lindholm - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - 4
France Martial Yacé - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - 4
Italy Alex Fiorio - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 4
Sweden Mats Jonsson - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4
52 Kenya Mike Kirkland - - - 3 - 1 - - - - - - - 4
53 New Zealand Simon Davies - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 3
Argentina Jorge Bescham - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - 3
Finland Tomi Palmqvist - - - - - - - - - 3 - - - 3
Italy Alessandro Molino - - - - - - - - - - 3 - - 3
57 Sweden Erik Johansson - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - 3
58 France Bertrand Balas 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
Sweden Bror Danielsson - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 2
Portugal Joaquim Santos - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2
Finland Rauno Aaltonen - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 2
France Alain Oreille - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 2
Japan Kouichi Hazu - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 2
Argentina Ernesto Soto - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - 2
Finland Fredrik Donner - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2
66 France Laurent Poggi - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1
New Zealand Clive Smith - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1
New Zealand Grant Goile - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1
Chile Alejandro Schmauk - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1
Finland Timo Heinonen - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1
Ivory Coast Lambert Kouame - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1
Austria Sepp Haider - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1
Sweden Roger Ericsson - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1
1987 World Rally Championship point awards for drivers
Points awarded by finish 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
20 15 12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1

Sources

  1. ^ a b Event not included in the Manufacturers' Championship

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Louis XIV dari Prancis

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إرلا (سرقسطة)

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Limes Germanicus

Fortifications of ancient Roman provinces Part of a series on theMilitary of ancient Rome 753 BC – AD 476 Structural history Army Unit types and ranks Decorations and punishments Legions Auxilia Generals Navy Fleets Admirals Campaign history Wars and battles Technological history Military engineering Castra Siege engines Triumphal arches Roads Political history  Strategy and tactics Infantry tactics Frontiers and fortifications Limes Walls Limes Britannicus Antonine Wall Hadrian's Wall...

Telephony

Field of telecommunication services Telephony (/təˈlɛfəni/ tə-LEF-ə-nee) is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunications services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone. Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as a sys...

 

 

Fernand Ochsé

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Ochsé. Fernand OchséFernand Ochsé par Louise-Catherine Breslau (1898).BiographieNaissance 11 janvier 187910e arrondissement de ParisDécès 5 août 1944 (à 65 ans)Auschwitz-Birkenau, PologneNom de naissance Fernand Émile Didier OchséNationalité FrançaiseFormation Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de ParisActivité CompositeurPère Albert OchséMère Alix/Alice Fanny DreyfusFratrie Marianne Léa Berthe OchséRobert Luc...