1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake

1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake
The Tobin Range on the east side of the valley showing the fault scarp (marked by the white line)
1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake is located in Nevada
Winnemucca
Winnemucca
Battle Mountain
Battle Mountain
Lovelock
Lovelock
1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake
UTC time1915-10-03 06:53:21
ISC event913944
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local dateOctober 2, 1915
Local time22:53:21[1]
Magnitude6.8Mw, 7.7Ms[1][2]
Depth10 km (6.2 mi)[1]
Epicenter40°16′N 117°39′W / 40.26°N 117.65°W / 40.26; -117.65[1]
Areas affectedPershing County, Nevada
United States
Total damageLimited[3]
Max. intensityMMI X (Extreme)[4]

The 1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake occurred at 22:53:21 on October 2 in north-central Nevada. With a moment magnitude of 6.8, a surface wave magnitude of 7.7, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), it was the strongest earthquake ever recorded in the state.

Earthquake

The earthquake remains as one of the best examples ever for evidence of creating fault scarps along the west side of the Tobin Range. It produced four scarps, with a total length of 59 kilometers (37 mi), and re-ruptured Holocene scarps located at the bottom of the base of the mountain blocks.[5] Among the scarps, the average vertical displacement among the affected areas was 2 meters (6 ft 7 in), and the maximum displacement of 5.8 meters (19 ft) occurred near the old Pierce School site on Buskee Creek Canyon.[4][6]

The rupture originated along an unnamed fault somewhere in the eastern side of Pleasant Valley, in north-central Nevada. The epicentral region was mostly uninhabited, so there was little property damage considering the very large magnitude.[4]

Damage

The earthquake's damage was confined to within 50 miles (80 km) of the epicenter. Damage in Kennedy destroyed two adobe houses, collapsed several mine tunnels, and cracked concrete mine foundations. Winnemucca experienced damage to adobe buildings as well, and several multistory brick buildings lost coping and upper wall parts. Many chimneys were destroyed if they were above roof lines. Water tanks were knocked over in Battle Mountain, Kodiak, Lovelock, and Parran. Several ranches reported damage, all by the southern end of Pleasant Valley. More adobe houses were knocked down by the shaking; a masonry chicken house and a hog pen were destroyed; and houses were displaced from their foundations.[7]

Aftershocks

The earthquake had several aftershocks which disturbed a significant amount of land in Northern Nevada.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d ISC (2015), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009), Version 2.0, International Seismological Centre
  2. ^ Wesnousky, Steven G. "Extension and Quaternary Faulting in the Northern Central Nevada Seismic Belt". ScholarWorks. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  3. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972), Significant Earthquake Database, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
  4. ^ a b c Stover, C.W.; Coffman, J.L. (1993), Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised), U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office, pp. 284, 291
  5. ^ "Earthquake History:OCTOBER 3, 1915 (M=7.3)". Wallace. 1984. Archived from the original on November 1, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  6. ^ Mt. Tobin, Nev 15 minute topographic quadrangle, 1961, USGS
  7. ^ "M 6.8 – 64 km SE of Imlay, Nevada". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  8. ^ Gunn, Angus M. (2008). Encyclopedia of Disasters. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 260.

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