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Events from the year 1866 in Canada.

Incumbents

May–June – The 1866 New Brunswick election
June 2 – Battle of Ridgeway: Fenians invade Canada.
June 9 – At Danville, Canada East, a fire breaks out in a railway car containing 2,000 pounds (910 kg) of ammunition. Private Timothy O'Hea, an Irish soldier, will be awarded the Victoria Cross for his leadership and initiative in fighting the fire.
August 6 – The colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia are united, bearing the Mainland's name as the Colony of British Columbia, with the Island capital, Victoria, as the seat of government of the united colony.
December 4 – London Conference, conference on resolutions discussed in 1864, to be added to the British North America Act
The piano manufacturer Heintzman & Co. is incorporated.
Peter Edmund Jones graduates from Queen's University, becoming Canada's first indigenous medical doctor^[2]

February 24 – Martha Black, politician and the second woman elected to the House of Commons of Canada (died 1957)
March 8 – John Wesley Dafoe, journalist and author (died 1944)^[3]
May 10 – Constance Piers, journalist, poet and editor (died 1939)^[4]
May 11 – Edward Rogers Wood, financier (died 1941)^[5]
May 12 – Walter Charles Murray, first President of the University of Saskatchewan (died 1945)
June 14 – Henry Sproatt, architect (died 1934)

September 1 – Clifford William Robinson, lawyer, businessman, politician and 11th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1944)
September 12 – Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon, 13th Governor General of Canada (died 1941)
October 6 – Reginald Fessenden, inventor and radio pioneer (died 1932)
October 19 – Clarence Lucas, composer, lyricist, conductor and music professor (died 1947)
December 26 – Godfroy Langlois, politician, journalist and lawyer (died 1928)

January 16 – David Willson, religious leader and mystic (born 1778)
January 28 – Robert Foulis, inventor, civil engineer and artist (born 1796)
February 3 – François-Xavier Garneau, notary, civil servant, poet and historian (born 1809)
February 19 – Charles Richard Ogden, Joint Premier of the Province of Canada (born 1791)
March 14 – Norman McLeod, Presbyterian minister (born 1780)
April 11 – Edward Bowen, lawyer, judge and politician (born 1780)
July 28 – Frédéric-Auguste Quesnel, politician, lawyer, and businessman (born 1785)
October 26 – John Kinder Labatt, brewer and founder of the Labatt Brewing Company (born 1803)
November 1 – Jean-Baptiste-Éric Dorion, journalist and politician (born 1826)

Sarnia, Canada West guards against Fenian attack^[6]

Charge given by a Canada West judge to a grand jury in the Fenian invaders case ^[7]

U.S. President Andrew Johnson hopes Canadian courts will show mercy to condemned Fenians ^[8]

Washington learns Fenian invaders' death sentences are to be commuted^[9]

^ "Queen Victoria | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ Sherwin, Allan L. (2012). Bridging two peoples : Chief Peter E. Jones, 1843-1909. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 9781554586332. OCLC 806521138.
^ Fetherling, Douglas (2008). "John Wesley Dafoe". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
^ Constance Piers
^ Niosi, Jorge (2008). "Edward Rogers Wood". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
^ "Letter, Newton Wolverton at Sarnia, Ont. to brother Alonzo Wolverton at Wolverton, Ont., February 2, 1866" Examples of Wolverton Family Letters from Darroch Donation, Archives of Ontario. Note: scroll to bottom of page; accessed 9 September 2018
^ Trials of the Fenian Prisoners at Toronto, Who Were Captured at Fort Erie, C.W., in June, 1866 (1867), pg. 3. Accessed 9 September 2018
^ "(...)from the President of the United States" Journal of the Senate of the United States of America, 1789-1873; Monday, December 3, 1866, pgs. 16-17. Accessed 9 September 2018
^ United States Department of State, "Sir F. Bruce to Mr. Seward" Executive Documents Printed by Order of the House of Representatives, during the Second Session of the Fortieth Congress, 1867-'68 (1867-1868), pg. 181. Accessed 9 September 2018