1740 in Canada

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Events from the year 1740 in Canada.

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Description of making and using Mi'kmaw canoes, both moosehide (in past) and birchbark currently used[4]

Woman in Montreal who needs money sells enslaved 20-year-old Pawnee named Manon for 300 livres "in receipts from the Beaver trade"[5]

In spring and summer, Joseph La France canoes Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods, meeting Monsoni Ojibwe and "Sturgeon Indians"[6]

Suffering from gout, Jesuit ministers to Indigenous people, parish of 400 and distant members of his flock near Montreal (Note: "savages" used)[7]

Council president Paul Mascarene "notifies the Indians and inhabitants" of Nova Scotia that King has declared war on King of Spain[8]

To preserve "Indulgence they have heitherto Enjoyed," Acadians are reminded to conform to government orders and decisions[9]

Mascarene letter (summary) ends with warning to Acadians to be loyal or face reaction that "will involve the innocent with the guilty"[10]

Acadian deputies to handle "restless spirits" so that "community may not make itself suspected, and avoid the ruin which may overtake it"[11]

Mascarene specifies some civil service roles, and is concerned that in "these thirty years past," Protestants have not peopled Nova Scotia[12]

Handling Acadians' need for new land when it is allowed only to Protestants means letting them take land anyway or expelling them[13]

Fearing unauthorized priest will direct when "a stroke" is to be given their government, Council decides his community must expel him[14]

Priests forbidden to excommunicate "Whereby to Deprive His Majesty's Subjects[...]of Assistance or means To Procure their Livelyhood"[15]

Mascarene advises missionary priest of King's supremacy over both Catholic Church and his conduct in Nova Scotia[16]

Mascarene reports that some shippers into and out of Nova Scotia are not clearing with port authorities[17]

"Succeeded far above our Expectations" - "Indian trade" at Oswego has undercut prices at Montreal by half and increased trade fivefold[18]

"Be always on your Guard" - Hudson's Bay Company urges Bay staff to be prepared for (probably unlikely) attack by Spanish[19]

Given war with Spain and perhaps France, chief factor at Prince of Wales Fort cancels next year's northern expedition in order to augment defences[20]

References

  1. ^ Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. ^ "George I". Official web site of the British monarchy. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  3. ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica:War of the Austrian Succession", War of the Austrian Succession, Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 25 March 2015
  4. ^ "Mi'kmaq Canoes" (translation of ca. 1740 letter), from Ruth Holmes Whitehead, "The Old Man Told Us: Excerpts from Micmac History, 1500-1950" (Halifax: Nimbus Publishing Ltd., 1991). Accessed 26 August 2021
  5. ^ "Sales contract for a slave from the panis (Pawnee) nation" (translation; September 7, 1740), Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 26 August 2021
  6. ^ Arthur Dobbs, "On the South-west Side of the Lake(...)" An Account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay (1744), pgs. 33-4. Accessed 31 August 2021
  7. ^ Letter of Father Luc François Nau (October 2, 1740), The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Vol. LXIX. Accessed 31 August 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_69.html (scroll down to Page 45)
  8. ^ "Notice of Declaration of War" (May 15, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 236. Accessed 30 August 2021
  9. ^ "Mascarene to the Deputies" (May 27, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pgs. 133-4. Accessed 27 August 2021
  10. ^ "Mascarene to Bergeau" (July 7, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pg. 137. (See Mascarene to Bourg for elaboration) Accessed 27 August 2021
  11. ^ "Memoire pour Monsieur; 4" (May 27, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 241. Accessed 30 August 2021
  12. ^ Mascarene to Board of Trade ("received 19 Nov. 1740"), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs.110-11. Accessed 31 August 2021
  13. ^ Mascarene to Secretary of State (November 15, 1740), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs.108-10. Accessed 31 August 2021
  14. ^ Steps taken against Father St. Poncy (September 18, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 32-3 Accessed 30 August 2021
  15. ^ "Proclamation Regarding Romish Priests" (July 3, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Commission Book, 1720-1741, pg. 242. Accessed 30 August 2021
  16. ^ "Mascarene to des Enclaves" (July 4, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pg. 135. (See following two entries (pgs. 135-6) for details of government policy on religion) Accessed 27 August 2021
  17. ^ "Mascarene to Wm Pegrum, Surveyor Gen." (June 7, 1740), Nova Scotia Archives; Governor's Letter-Book, Annapolis, 1719-1742, pgs. 134-5. Accessed 27 August 2021
  18. ^ "From J. A. Esq; to Mr. P. C. of London, shewing the Success of the Measures taken at that Time" (New York, 1740), The History of the Five Indian Nations of Canada (1747), pgs. 42-4. Accessed 26 August 2021
  19. ^ "Extract of a Letter to the chief Factor and Council, at Prince of Wales's Fort" (May 1, 1740), Report[...]into the State and Condition of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay (1749), pg. 282. Accessed 26 August 2021
  20. ^ "From Richard Norton and Council" (August 9, 1740), Report[...]into the State and Condition of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay (1749), pg. 273. Accessed 26 August 2021