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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1840.

Arthropods

Crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Alvis^[2]	Gen. et. sp. nov.	Jr synonym	Münster	Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	Type species is A. octopus, initially described as an isopod, now a junior synonym of Pseudastacus.^[3]
Norna^[2]	Gen. et. sp. nov.	Valid	Münster	Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	A peracarid initially described as an isopod, type species is N. lithophila.^[3]
Sculda^[2]	Gen. et. sp. nov.	Valid	Münster	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	A mantis shrimp initially described as an isopod, type species is S. pennata.	Sculda
Urda^[2]	Gen. et. sp. nov.	Valid	Münster	Jurassic - Cretaceous		Germany	An isopod, species named include U. rostrata, U. decorata, U. cincta & U. elongata.

Anapsids

Newly named anapsids

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Palaeosaurus	Preoccupied	Fitzinger		Early Permian	Unnamed unit (coal deposits)	Czech Republic	Preoccupied by a non-dinosaurian archosaur named by Geoffroy Saint-Hilare in 1833. Renamed Sphenosaurus. A procolophonid.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Paleosaurus	Nomen dubium	Riley	Stutchbury	Late Triassic (?Rhaetian)	Magnesian Conglomerate	England	An archosaur of unknown affinities

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[4]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Hylosaurus^[5]	Jr. synonym	Fitzinger		Junior synonym of Hylaeosaurus.
Therosaurus^[5]	Valid	Fitzinger		An iguanodont. New name for "Iguanodon" mantelli von Meyer (1832) (=Iguanodon anglicus Holl (1829)).

Plesiosaurs

Newly named plesiosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Plesiosaurus arcuatus	Valid	Owen	Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)	Blue Lias	United Kingdom	A rhomaleosaurid.
Plesiosaurus brachyspondylus	Valid	Owen	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Kimmeridge Clay Formation	United Kingdom	A thalassophonean pliosaurid.
Plesiosaurus hawkinsii	Valid	Owen	Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)	Blue Lias	United Kingdom	A pliosaurid.
Plesiosaurus rugosus	Valid	Owen	Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)	Blue Lias	United Kingdom	A microcleidid.
Plesiosaurus trochantericus	Valid	Owen	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Kimmeridge Clay Formation	United Kingdom	A cryptoclidid.

Mammals

Newly named cetaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Squalodon^[6]	Gen. nov.	Valid	Grateloup		Early Miocene (Burdigalian)	Unnamed unit	France	A squalodontid.	Squalodon

References

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Münster, G (1840). "Ueber einige Isopoden in den Kalkschiefern von Bayern" (PDF). Beiträge zur Petrefactenkunde (in German). 3: 19–23.
^ ^a ^b Moore, R. C.; Brooks, H. K.; Glaessner, M. F.; Rolfe, W. D. Ian; Manning, Raymond B.; Holthuis, L. B.; Hessler, Robert R. (1969-01-01). "Part R, Arthropoda 4, vol. 1 & 2, ch. 4, p. 295-566". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.17161/dt.v0i0.5629. ISSN 2153-621X.
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ ^a ^b Fitzinger, L.J. 1840. Über Palaeosaurus sternbergii, eine neue Gattung vorweltlicher Reptilien und die Stellung dieser Thiere im Systeme überhaupt. Wiener Mus. Annalen II: pp. 175-187 + plate XI.
^ Grateloup, Jean-Pierre Silvestre de (1840). Description d'un fragment de machoire fossile d'un genre nouveau de reptile (saurien) : de taille gigantesque voison de l'iguanodon, trouvé dans les grès marins à Léognan près Bordeaux (Gironde) (1840) (in French). [S.l: s.n.]

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[:0-2] Münster, G (1840). "Ueber einige Isopoden in den Kalkschiefern von Bayern" (PDF). Beiträge zur Petrefactenkunde (in German). 3: 19–23.

[:1-3] Moore, R. C.; Brooks, H. K.; Glaessner, M. F.; Rolfe, W. D. Ian; Manning, Raymond B.; Holthuis, L. B.; Hessler, Robert R. (1969-01-01). "Part R, Arthropoda 4, vol. 1 & 2, ch. 4, p. 295-566". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.17161/dt.v0i0.5629. ISSN 2153-621X.

[ddinogeorge-4] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[fitzinger1840-5] Fitzinger, L.J. 1840. Über Palaeosaurus sternbergii, eine neue Gattung vorweltlicher Reptilien und die Stellung dieser Thiere im Systeme überhaupt. Wiener Mus. Annalen II: pp. 175-187 + plate XI.

[6] Grateloup, Jean-Pierre Silvestre de (1840). Description d'un fragment de machoire fossile d'un genre nouveau de reptile (saurien) : de taille gigantesque voison de l'iguanodon, trouvé dans les grès marins à Léognan près Bordeaux (Gironde) (1840) (in French). [S.l: s.n.]

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