March 18 – Two warships of the English Navy, commanded by Captain James Langton, complete a three-day raid on the Spanish city of Puerto de Caballos (now Puerto Cortés in Guatemala) and pillage the city.
May 19 – The Siege of Groningen by the Dutch Republic begins with an attack of 10,000 soldiers against the Spanish-held city. The Spanish commander surrenders after two months on July 22.
June 11 – Philip II of Spain recognizes the rights and privileges of the local nobles and chieftains in the Philippines, which paves the way for the stabilization of the rule of the Principalía.
June 23 – A cargo ship explosion kills over 700 people the day after three English Navy ships— the Mayflower, Sampson and Royal Exchange— set fire to the Portuguese carrackCinco Chagas off of the coast of Faial Island during the Anglo-Spanish War. The treasure inside, gathered from the East Indies, sinks in the north Atlantic Ocean. Only 13 people on the Cinco Chagas survive, and the cargo is lost. [5]
September 17 – A fleet of six ships, commanded by the privateerMartin Frobisher, arrives at Morlaix and prepares to bombard the city, under siege by the French Army. The Spanish Army commander of the Morlaix garrison surrenders, rather than facing the city's destruction. [11]
October 3 – The Battle of Glenlivet is fought in Scotland between the Protestant forces loyal to King James VI, assisted by the armies of 8 clans and led by the Earl of Argyll, against Roman Catholic rebels supported by Clan Gordon (led by the Earl of Huntley), Clan Hay (led by the Earl of Errol), Clan Comyn and Clan Cameron. Despite being outnumbered 5 to 1, the Catholic clans win the battle, killing 500 of the Protestant forces. [12]
November 13 – After the Principality of Wallachia (now in Romania) joins other Eastern European nations in a Holy League, a rebellion breaks out in Bucharest as Christian residents massacre the soldiers of the Ottoman Muslim garrison, entering Wallachia into the ongoing Thirteen Years' War.
November 19 – The siege of Fort Crozon by English and French soldiers ends with a massacre of all but 13 of the nearly 400 Spaniards living there, including women and children. [13]
December 27 – French university student Jean Châtel attempts to assassinate KingHenry IV of France after gaining entrance into the King's office. Châtel attacks the monarch with a knife and causes a minor injury. After the court jester, Mathurine de Vallois intervenes, she detains Châtel until the King's bodyguard can carry out the arrest. Two days later, is executed by dismemberment. The Collège de Clermont, the Jesuit institution where Châtel was a student, is closed and the order of the Jesuits is temporarily banned. [16]
^László Markó, A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006) p.113
^Clare McManus, Women on the Renaissance Stage: Anna of Denmark and Female Masquing in the Stuart Court, 1590–1618 (Manchester, 2002), p. 83.
^Wallace T. MacCaffrey, Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588-1603 (Princeton University Press, 1994) pp. 193
^Hugh Bicheno, Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas (Conway, 2012) pp. 279-280
^John Keay and Julia Keay, The Collins Enclyclopaedia of Scotland (HarperCollins, 1994) p.468
^Cesáreo Fernández Duro, Armada Española desde la unión de los reinos de Aragón y Castilla ("The Spanish Armada after the Union of the Kingdoms of Aragon and Castile") Vol. III. (Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1897). pp. 86–90.
^ ab"Union of Brest", by Charles Herbermann, in The Catholic Encyclopedia (Robert Appleton Company, 1913)
^Visheshwar Sarup Bhargava, Marwar And The Mughal Emperors (1526–1748) (Munshiram Manoharlal, 1966) pp. 61–62
^Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) Histoire du Parlement de Paris (1769)
^"Introduction", by Charles Whitworth, ed., William Shakespeare: The Comedy of Errors (Oxford University Press, 2003) p.1
.jpg)
