Κρο-Μανιόν

Ο αρχικός "Γέρος του Κρο-Μανιόν", Μουσείο του Ανθρώπου, Παρίσι.
Εργαλεία του Κρο-Μανιόν - από τη συλλογή του Louis Lartet
Υπόθεση μετανάστευσης Κρο-Μανιόν

Κρο-Μανιόν είναι όρος που έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί για να περιγράψει τους πρώτους πρώιμους σύγχρονους ανθρώπους (πρώιμο Homo sapiens sapiens) που ζούσαν στην Ευρωπαϊκή ανώτερη παλαιολιθική εποχή (45.000 έως 12.000 έτη πριν).[1]

Η τρέχουσα επιστημονική βιβλιογραφία προτιμά τον όρο Ευρωπαίοι Πρόωροι Σύγχρονοι Άνθρωποι (EEMH), από τον όρο Κρο-Μανιόν, ο οποίος δεν έχει επίσημο ταξινομικό καθεστώς, καθώς δεν αναφέρεται ούτε σε είδος ούτε σε υποείδος ούτε σε αρχαιολογική φάση ή πολιτισμό.[2] Τα πρώτα γνωστά απομεινάρια των ανθρώπων που μοιάζουν με Κρο-Μανιόν χρονολογούνται με ραδιενεργό άνθρακα στα 43.000-45.000 χρόνια πριν και έχουν ανακαλυφθεί στην Ιταλία[3] και τη Βρετανία.[4] Παρόμοια απομεινάρια, από εκείνα που έφθασαν στην Ευρωπαϊκή ρωσική Αρκτική πριν από 40.000 χρόνια, έχουν βρεθεί επίσης.[5][6]

Το 1868 βρέθηκε το καταφύγιο του Κρο-Μανιόν, στο Λεζ Εϊζί-ντε-Τεγιάκ-Σιρέιγ, στο νομό Δορδόνης στη Γαλλία, με κατάλοιπα οστών ανθρώπων Κρο-Μανιόν, εργαλεία και κοσμήματα. Η ηλικία των ευρημάτων τοποθετείται γύρω στα 28.000 έτη πριν από σήμερα.[7]

Παραπομπές

  1. Fagan, B.M. (1996). The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. σελίδες 864. ISBN 978-0-19-507618-9. The Cro-Magnons are identified with Homo sapiens sapiens of modern form, in the time range ca. 35,000–10,000 b.p. […] The term "Cro-Magnon" has no formal taxonomic status, since it refers neither to a species or subspecies nor to an archaeological phase or culture. The name is not commonly encountered in modern professional literature in English, since authors prefer to talk more generally of anatomically modern humans (AMH). They thus avoid a certain ambiguity in the label "Cro-Magnon", which is sometimes used to refer to all early moderns in Europe (as opposed to the preceding Neanderthals), and sometimes to refer to a specific human group that can be distinguished from other Upper Paleolithic humans in the region. Nevertheless, the term "Cro-Magnon" is still very commonly used in popular texts because it makes an obvious distinction with the Neanderthals, and also refers directly to people rather than to the complicated succession of archaeological phases that make up the Upper Paleolithic. This evident practical value has prevented archaeologists and human paleontologists from dispensing entirely with the idea of Cro-Magnons. 
  2. Fagan, B.M. (1996). The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. σελίδες 864. ISBN 978-0-19-507618-9. 
  3. Benazzi, S.; Douka, K.; Fornai, C.; Bauer, C. C.; Kullmer, O.; Svoboda, J. Í.; Pap, I.; Mallegni, F. και άλλοι. (2011). «Early dispersal of modern humans in Europe and implications for Neanderthal behaviour». Nature 479 (7374): 525–8. doi:10.1038/nature10617. PMID 22048311. Bibcode2011Natur.479..525B. 
  4. Higham, T.; Compton, T.; Stringer, C.; Jacobi, R.; Shapiro, B.; Trinkaus, E.; Chandler, B.; Gröning, F. και άλλοι. (2011). «The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe». Nature 479 (7374): 521–4. doi:10.1038/nature10484. PMID 22048314. Bibcode2011Natur.479..521H. 
  5. Pavlov, Pavel; Svendsen, John Inge; Indrelid, Svein (2001). «Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago». Nature 413 (6851): 64–7. doi:10.1038/35092552. PMID 11544525. Bibcode2001Natur.413...64P. 
  6. Mamontovaya Kurya: an enigmatic, nearly 40 000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic Αρχειοθετήθηκε 2015-08-14 στο Wayback Machine., John Inge Svendsen, Pavel Pavlov, 2003
  7. . «pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/humans/humankind». 

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